Efficacy of Anethole on Biofilm Formation, Ergosterol Content, and Cell Surface Hydrophobicity of Candida Glabrata Isolated from Urinary System

Haji Gholamreza, Hamid; Sharifzadeh , Aghil; Shokri , Hojjatollah; Hasan , Jalal

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Volume 32, Issue 6 (2-2025)

Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences 2025, 32(6): 27-45

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Efficacy of Anethole on Biofilm Formation, Ergosterol Content, and Cell Surface Hydrophobicity of Candida Glabrata Isolated from Urinary System

Hamid Haji Gholamreza¹

, Aghil Sharifzadeh¹

, Hojjatollah Shokri ^*

², Jalal Hasan³

1- Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2- Dept of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran , hshokri@ausmt.ac.ir
3- Dept of Comparative Bioscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: (355 Views)

Introduction: Resistance to synthetic antifungal agents is a considerable health problem nowadays. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new antifungal molecules, such as natural products, to develop new therapeutic strategies to prevent and eradicate candidiasis. The aims of this work were to study the effect of anethole on growth, cell surface hydrophobicity, ergosterol content, and biofilm formation of Candida glabrata (C. glabrata) isolated from the urinary system.
Materials & Methods: The disc diffusion method (susceptibility to synthetic antifungals), the broth micro-dilution method (susceptibility to anethole), the MTT reduction assay (biofilm formation), the HPLC technique (ergosterol content), and adherence to n-hexadecane (cell surface hydrophobicity; CSH) were employed to determine the effect of anethole against C. glabrata isolates. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using GraphPad Prism V.9, employing the one-way ANOVA test and pairwise comparisons using the Tukey test/post-hoc ANOVA at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The range of MIC of C. glabrata was 1250-5000 µg/ml for anethole (3375±1375 µg/ml). The percentages of CSH were significantly in groups treated with MIC/2 (24.73±6.37%) and MIC/4 (29.01±6.61%) concentrations of anethole. Also, the percentage changes in membrane ergosterol were 23.35% at 0.125 µg/ml, 46.46% at 0.25 µg/ml, and 73.92% at 0.5 µg/ml of anethole, compared to the control that wasn't treated.
Conclusion: The results showed the effectiveness of anethole against planktonic and sessile cells of C. glabrata isolates and the interference with ergosterol content, CSH, and biofilm formation, reinforcing the potential of this natural compound as a natural antifungal.

Keywords: Candida glabrata, Anethole, Biofilm, Ergosterol, Hydrophobicity

Full-Text [PDF 1403 kb] (126 Downloads)

Type of Study: Research | Subject: infectious diseases
Received: 2023/04/25 | Accepted: 2023/11/25 | Published: 2025/02/3

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Haji Gholamreza H, Sharifzadeh A, Shokri H, Hasan J. Efficacy of Anethole on Biofilm Formation, Ergosterol Content, and Cell Surface Hydrophobicity of Candida Glabrata Isolated from Urinary System. J. Ilam Uni. Med. Sci. 2025; 32 (6) :27-45
URL: http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-7955-en.html

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