Common Oral Complications in Adults with Various Types of Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Ilam

Bagheri, Sajad; Hadavi, Marzieh; Pakzad, Reza; Babakhany, Azar

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Volume 34, Issue 3 (7-2026)

Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences 2026, 34(3): 24-40

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Common Oral Complications in Adults with Various Types of Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Ilam

Sajad Bagheri¹

, Marzieh Hadavi²

, Reza Pakzad³

, Azar Babakhany ^*⁴

1- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
2- Dept of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
3- Dept of Epidemiology, Faculty of health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
4- Dept of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam Iran , azarbabakhany@yahoo.com

Abstract: (111 Views)

Introduction: Diagnosing oral manifestations in patients with diabetes mellitus is essential. Considering the high prevalence of diabetes in recent years and its numerous complications on different parts of the body, especially the oral cavity, the present study aims to investigate the prevalence of oral complications in patients. It was done to the diabetes of Ilam City in 2024.
Materials & Methods: This study was conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional study, with the statistical population consisting of 170 patients with diabetes in Ilam City. The data collection tool in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire with three parts (demographic characteristics, medical history, and examination of oral lesions). Data analysis was done using SPSS V.25 software, which used descriptive statistics (prevalence, mean, and standard deviation) to describe qualitative variables, and to compare quantitative variables, chi-square tests or exact Fisher tests were used.
Results: Out of a total of 170 people, 138 people (81.18%) had oral complications of diabetes. 51 people had one complication, 53 people had two complications, 27 people had three complications, and 7 people had 7 complications at the same time. The most common oral complications in patients with diabetes in Ilam City were dry mouth (64.1%), periodontitis (38.8%), and grooved tongue (25.3%). Between diabetic patients with periodontitis complications and without periodontitis complications in terms of age (P=0.046), duration of diabetes (p=0.006), blood sugar (p=0.023), fasting blood sugar (p=0.031), and HbA₁C (p<0.001), a significant difference was observed. A significant difference was observed between diabetic patients with candidiasis complications and those without candidiasis complications in terms of age (p=0.046), duration of diabetes (p=0.001), and HbA₁C (p=0.034); a significant difference was observed between the complications of periodontitis and geographic tongue according to the type of diabetes (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between different types of diabetes in terms of oral lesions, except for periodontitis (all cases were type 2 diabetes) and geographic location (type 1 diabetes was more than type 2 diabetes).
Conclusion: In patients with diabetes, oral lesions, including dry mouth and periodontitis, have a high prevalence. The prevalence of most oral lesions increases with age. Periodontal diseases are associated with FBS and hemoglobin A1C levels, as well as type 2 diabetes and candidiasis with a longer duration of diabetes. It seems that gender and family history do not have a significant effect on the oral lesions of people with diabetes.

Keywords: : Oral complications – Diabetes Mellitus – Adults

Full-Text [PDF 1003 kb] (46 Downloads)

Editorial Note: Research | Subject: anatomy
Received: 2026/05/3 | Accepted: 2026/06/8 | Published: 2026/07/27

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Bagheri S, Hadavi M, Pakzad R, Babakhany A. Common Oral Complications in Adults with Various Types of Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Ilam. J. Ilam Uni. Med. Sci. 2026; 34 (3) :24-40
URL: http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-8929-en.html

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