Evaluation of the antimicrobial effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash and ethanolic extract of the medicinal plant Golpar (Heracleum persicum) against oral pathogens (Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans)

Zarghami Moghaddam, Parastoo; Shakeri, Farzaneh; Khansharifan, Sina; Razavi, Nassim; Saadati, Hassan; Rajabiyan , Negar

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Volume 33, Issue 6 (1-2026)

Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences 2026, 33(6): 90-105

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Evaluation of the antimicrobial effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash and ethanolic extract of the medicinal plant Golpar (Heracleum persicum) against oral pathogens (Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans)

Parastoo Zarghami Moghaddam¹

, Farzaneh Shakeri ^*²

, Sina Khansharifan³

, Nassim Razavi³

, Hassan Saadati⁴

, Negar Rajabiyan³

1- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
2- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran & Dept of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran , f_1366_sh@yahoo.com
3- Faculty of Dentistry, North Khorasan University of medical sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
4- Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

Abstract: (25 Views)

Introduction: Biofilms, as microbial aggregates, possess specific characteristics such as high resistance to pharmacological treatments. These microbial structures are recognized as key factors in the development of oral infections and dental problems. Consequently, determining optimal concentrations of effective compounds in reducing biofilm formation is of particular importance.
Materials & Methods: This study was designed to investigate the effects of various concentrations of chlorhexidine mouthwash and ethanolic extract of the herb Heracleum persicum on biofilm formation caused by oral pathogens including Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Three key methods were employed: disc diffusion, well diffusion and biofilm formation assessment to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of these compounds. To compare the mean diameter of the growth inhibition zone in the research groups, SPSS V.17, and a significance level of 5 percent was considered in the Kruskal-Wallis Test.
Results: The results indicate that the most significant antimicrobial effect, after ciprofloxacin (46mm) and Nystatine (22mm), was associated with full-strength chlorhexidine (17mm) and high concentrations of chlorhexidine combined with the herbal extract (12mm). Additionally, biofilm formation assessment demonstrated the efficacy of the full extract of Heracleum persicum against the studied bacteria and fungi.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the total extract of the Golpar plant has a relatively low antimicrobial effect on the studied bacteria and fungi compared to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin and chlorhexidine mouthwash. However, when combined with chlorhexidine mouthwash, it may be more effective and somewhat reduce the side effects of this mouthwash.

Keywords: Oral pathogens, Heracleum persicum, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans

Full-Text [PDF 951 kb] (13 Downloads)

Type of Study: Research | Subject: oral diseases
Received: 2025/10/26 | Accepted: 2025/12/23 | Published: 2026/01/28

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Zarghami Moghaddam P, Shakeri F, Khansharifan S, Razavi N, Saadati H, Rajabiyan N. Evaluation of the antimicrobial effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash and ethanolic extract of the medicinal plant Golpar (Heracleum persicum) against oral pathogens (Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans). J. Ilam Uni. Med. Sci. 2026; 33 (6) :90-105
URL: http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-8805-en.html

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