Effects of water training with betaine supplementation on vascular endothelial growth factor and oxidative stress markers in the cerebellum of rats with multiple sclerosis

Moradi, Masoud; Habibi, Abdolhamid; Tabande, MohammadReza; Shakerian, Saeed

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Volume 33, Issue 1 (4-2025)

Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences 2025, 33(1): 96-110

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Effects of water training with betaine supplementation on vascular endothelial growth factor and oxidative stress markers in the cerebellum of rats with multiple sclerosis

Masoud Moradi¹

, Abdolhamid Habibi ^*²

, MohammadReza Tabande³

, Saeed Shakerian¹

1- Dept of Sports Physiology, College of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahwaz, Iran
2- Dept of Sports Physiology, College of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahwaz, Iran , h.habibbi14@gmai.cpm
3- Dept of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahwaz, Iran

Abstract: (164 Views)

Introduction: Inflammatory and autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis are linked to immune system gene activation and oxidative stress, with betaine demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects by controlling these gene signaling pathways. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of water exercises with betaine supplementation on vascular endothelial growth factor and oxidative stress indices in the cerebellum of rats with multiple sclerosis.
Materials & Methods: A study involving 28 adult male rats, aged 12 weeks, was conducted to study MS. MS was induced using cuprizone for 6 weeks, and the rats were divided into 7 groups. Swimming exercises were performed daily for 6 weeks, and betaine was administered daily in drinking water for 6 weeks. Cerebellar tissue was isolated and endothelial growth factor, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase were measured using ELISA kits. Data analysis was done using SPSS V.22, with one-way analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test at a P<0.05 level.
Results: MS disease causes a decrease in endothelial growth factor and superoxide dismutase levels. The lesion + exercise + betaine group showed a significant increase in the endothelial growth factor, a significant decrease in the malondialdehyde and, a significant increase in the superoxide dismutase variable compared to the lesion group (p ≤ 0.001).
Conclusion: Swimming exercises and betaine supplementation can enhance vascular growth factor indices and oxidative stress in individuals with MS by increasing endothelial growth factors and superoxide dismutase.

Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Superoxide Dismutase, Swimming Exercises in water, Malondialdehyde

Full-Text [PDF 1024 kb] (41 Downloads)

Type of Study: Research | Subject: physiology
Received: 2024/05/15 | Accepted: 2024/10/28 | Published: 2025/04/16

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Moradi M, Habibi A, Tabande M, Shakerian S. Effects of water training with betaine supplementation on vascular endothelial growth factor and oxidative stress markers in the cerebellum of rats with multiple sclerosis. J. Ilam Uni. Med. Sci. 2025; 33 (1) :96-110
URL: http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-8289-en.html

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