Introduction: Obesity is the consequence of an excess of adipose tissue, resulting from an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure. Exercise training due to increase energy expenditure, can play an affective role in decrease adipose tissue. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on adipose tissue levels of adiponectin and plasma insulin and glucose in male rats.

Materials & methods: 20 male rats (8 week years old) were randomly divided in to two training and control groups and each group consists of 10 rats. Training program performed in 5 weeks, and 5 sessions per week. Male wistar rats completed 6 HIIT bouts with 2 minutes duration and 37 m/min in first week, between each bout, rats resting for one minute. In second, third and fourth weeks, number of bouts increased respectively to 7, 9 and 10. In  the final week (fifth week), 12 HIIT bouts with 52 m/min speed performed. To measure study variables, 72 hours after last exercise training session, blood samples were collected and visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue removed. Independent t-test was used to analyze the data.

Findings: Significant increase in levels of visceral adipose tissue Adiponectin (p<0/001) and significant decrease of plasma insulin (p<0/001)  were observed in training group.  But variation in levels of Adiponectin in subcutaneous adipose tissue and plasma glucose were not significant (p>0/05).

Discussion & Conclusions: The results of present study indicated that HIIT can result in increase in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue levels of adiponectin. In the present study improvement in insulin sensitivity are related to increase levels of adiponectin in adipose tissue and HIIT as effective factor induce decrease adipose tissue as well.