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Showing 26 results for Water

... ,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (7-2006)
Abstract

Abstract Introduction: There are many colloidal and suspended solids in surface water for which coagulants should be used in process of water treatment. Plyaluminum chloride (PACl) is one of the newest coagulants . In this research, PACl has been used to coagulate water samples token from Arvandrood and Bahmanshir rivers as the main water suppliers of Abadan City. Materials and Methods: A necessary number of water samples were taken during normal conditions from water sources of Abadan. The turbidity of a few samples was intentionally increased by addiny clayey soil because the turbidity of Abadan Rivers increases considerably in rainy seasons. The optimum coagulant doses and coagulation condition were then determined by standard Jar tests. Besides, residual Al and COD concentrations in finished water samples have been determined along with routine analyses of water. Results: The results show that turbidity removal rate from sample waters in Jar tests were 90 to 98 % and Al residual concentrations were about 0.41 mg/L. For samples with high turbidity, the removal rates were 98 to 99 %, but the Al residuals were about 0.06 mg/L. Conclution: Since the concentration of all pollutants decreased to less than their MCL values after the treatment of water with PACl , it can be concluded that using this new chemical dose not produce any adverse health effect. Considering the various advantages vis a vis conventional coagulation, PACl can be recommended to be used in trwating water in the Abadan plant. ***
, , , ,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (4-2010)
Abstract

Introduction: According to the sewage exiting from any plant, the industrial complexes must observe regulations related to the standards of sewage systems. The current study tried to examine the efficiency and restrictions of the system to primary treatment operations by designing and constructing a primary treatment system entitled the "New Activated Sludge System with Falling Aeration". Materials & Methods: Designing and constructing this system is completely innovative, registered by parent office with number 40091. The main parts of this system include: the electrical connecting cable, steering circuit, miniature cap, a round-the-clock timer, contactor, control key of digested sludge pump to sandy filter, a dimmer of 2kw, adaptor, the keeping case, the electro motor, the gear box, the connector of power transferring from the gear box to main shaft, the power trans-shaft, bearings basin, the sedimentation basin, sludge pump, anaerobic digestion chamber, sand filter, pilot legs/hands, sewage transferring channels. Findings: The goal of constructing this system was offering a new model of the primary treatment operation as well as reducing the costs of primary treatment systems among industrial factories besides eliminating the need to specialists and enabling people to design such systems. Discussion & Conclusion: During the design, process the newly constructed system obtained results from sewage experiments with COD concentration 7035 mg/1, BOD5 4535 mg/1, TSS 1344 mg/1. Using this system with aeration period of about 2.74 hours per day and the average PH of 7.2 and temperature of around 21.3C proved that eliminating rates of COD, BOD5 and TSS were 73.6%, 84.2% and 85.4% respectively. These resets indicated that the operative dredges system with falling aeration enjoys the necessary efficiency to primary treatment operation
K Rahmani, A Rahmani, H Rahmani, A,h Mahvi, M Yousefi, K Goadini,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (1-2012)
Abstract

Introduction: If the fluoride concentration in drinking water is lower than the standard level, it causes dental caries and if it be more than standard level it causes dental fluorosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between the groundwater fluoride(F) concentration and dental caries in children living in 7 areas of Nourabade Mamasani town in Iran. Materials & Methods: F level of the town drinking water was measured by the SPADNS method. All the children of the 4 age groups of 6, 9, 10, and 12 were sampled for a total of 3349 in seven districts of the town. All the 28 teeth of the children were subject to this test. The drinking water in the region is totally of groundwater supply. The residents have essentially the same socio-economic living standards and nutritional conditions. Findings: In these 7 areas, the F level in the drinking water was from 0.53 to 1 mg/L., While the number of decayed permanent(Dt) teeth per child ranged from 0.13and 0.34 to the number of decayed deciduous(dt) teeth ranged from 0.5 to 3.9 Although the F level in the drinking water was below the national level, the dental caries were below the national level. Over this narrow concentration range, there appeared to be a weak association between the F level in the drinking water and Dt and dt. Linear regression analyses showed very weak decreases of the Dt and dt scores with increasing water F level is not significant. Discussion & Conclusion: This study shows that in low concentrations of F ranging 0.1 to 0.53mg/L, there is a negligible effect on prevention of dental caries.
K Godini , K Sayehmiri, G Alyan , S Alavi , R Rostami ,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (8-2012)
Abstract

Introduction: Nowadays, bottled waters are used by people due to the belief in their quality, easy transportation as well as accessibility with a low cost in most places and stores. Therefore, this public tendency was surveyed at the present study in Ilam City. Materials & Methods: This was a descriptive-analytic study. First, the brands were determined and, then, the sampling was achieved accidentally. 6 brands were surveyed in general. Of each brand, 7 samples with different production dates from several parts of the city were collected. These samples were tested by total coliforms, fecal coliforms, nitrite and nitrate, hardness, pH and EC. Obtained results were analyzed by one way ANOVA test. Findings: None of the samples proved to carry microbial problems and other parameters (PH, EC, hardness, nitrite and nitrate) were on the standard ranges. Discussion & Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that the water quality of the measured samples, is healthful enough to be used for drinking.
R Uosofi, H Moazed, H Karimi, H Nourmoradi, F Radmanesh,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (10-2013)
Abstract

Introduction: The development of health and protection of environment is depended on the provision of safe and clean water. The turbidity of water comes from the suspended and colloidal matters contained in it. The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the efficiency of natural coagulant chitosan with poly aluminum chloride (PACl) in the removal of water turbidity. Chitosan is a cationic biopolymer with high molecular weight that is produced from the crust of crustaceans like shrimp and crab. Materials & Methods: This investigation was performed, in the laboratory scale, on water samples containing synthetic water turbidity by applying kaolin in high, middle, and low turbidities. The first phase of tests aimed to determine the optimum concentration of the coagulants chitosan and poly aluminum chloride and the efficiency of turbidity removing. The second stage of experiments aimed to determine the optimum pH and the effect of coagulant on the water pH. Findings: Optimum dosages of chitosan for removing the turbidities 1000, 500, 50 and 10 NTU were 10, 6.5, 1.5 and 1 mg/L, respectively and the optimum PH values were also 8, 8, 7.5, and 8, respectively. Optimum dosages of PACl in the respected turbidities were 28, 18, 15 and 12 mg/L, respectively and the optimum PH values were also 8, 7.5, 7.5, and 8, correspondingly. Discussion & Conclusion: The results showed that only in the turbidity 10 NTU, the efficiency of poly aluminum chloride was better than the efficiency of chitosan. In other turbidities, chitosan showed better performance. Chitosan had a lower effect on the water PH, while PACl had a noticeable effect on the water PH. The optimum dosage of chitosan was less than that of PACl in all turbidities. At different levels of turbidity, the optimum concentration of chitosan was significantly lower in comparison with poly aluminum chloride. Coagulant dose reduction decreases the cost of water treatment. This subject is one of the advantages of the bioorganic polymer, chitosan, to the inorganic coagulant, poly aluminum chloride, in the refinement of water with considering the economic aspects. Chitosan, in contrast to poly aluminum chloride, had little effect on the water pH.
Mohammad Manshouri, Mohammad Hassan Momayyezi, Mohammad Hassan Khalili, Gholamhosien Joushani,
Volume 21, Issue 7 (2-2014)
Abstract

Abstract: It is not possible having a healthy promoted community without access to safe potable water. Drinking water for potable should be desirable in addition to chemical quality, It should be desirable as a Microbiological. Quality testing of water usually done based on detection of total coliform and fecal coliform. when water is transferred due to unsuitable conditions, from a reservoir to another, there is the possibility of secondary contamination that is for drinking water of public vehicles. In case of contaminated water, there is a serious risk in Spreading of Diseases transmission by water. With this aim, this study has been done about quality of drinking water In Buses of Yazd City Terminal. Methods: This Research is a Sectional- Descriptive study. For this study samples, have been taken as randomly from Buses in Terminal of Yazd. Total number of buses was 117 that 20 percent of those were selected as samples(24 samples). Total coliform, fecal coliform (E. Coli), Bacteria HPC, pH, turbidity, Electrical Conduction (EC) & temperature was measured .The data were analyzed in Excel & SPSS environment. Result: Result of this study showed that in 34.78% of total samples positive probably steps, 13.04 % of total coliforms positive and 4.34% is also positive for fecal coliforms. Similarly about of Bacteria HPC that is 52.17% more than 300, 34.78% less than 300 and 8.69% as SPR or large range between Agar and Bottom Plates respectively. Turbidity of 21.7%, more than 1NTU and less than 5NTU, 78.2% less than 1NTU are recorded. All samples, turbidity have been less than Iranian Approved Standards and World Health Guidelines. 100% of cases residual chlorine was zero, which is not acceptable. pH and temperature, in range 7.5 to 8.5 and 13 to 18 Degree Centigrade respectively. The pH according to the World Health Guidelines in range of suitable for drinking that 60.87% is in range more than 8 and 39.13% less than 8.
Heshmatollah Nourmoradi, Haji Karimi, Afshar Alihosseini, A Baghi, K Farokhimoghadam,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract

Introduction: Using aerated lagoons for the treatment of municipal wastewater in the areas with warm and cold climate is convenient if the enough and cheap land is existed. Because of the strict environmental regulations, water resources shortage and the necessity of effluent reuse, treatment of municipal wastewater by aerated lagoons is easily feasible. This study was investigated to evaluate the performance of aerated lagoons of Ilam city from September 2012 to May 2013. Materials & Methods: The sampling (eighteen samples) from inlet and outlet of the treatment plant was conducted during nine continuously months. The performance of the waste water treatment plant was carried out using indices such as BOD5, COD, TSS, TN, total coliform and fecal coliform in the influent and effluent. All the experiments were conducted according to the standard method for the examination of water and wastewater reference and the results were analyzed by Excel and SPSS (Pearson's correlation and T-test) softwares. Findings: The raw wastewater analysis was showed that it's pollution strength was in the range of intermediate wastewaters. The removal efficiency of the treatment plant for BOD5, COD, TSS, TN, total coliform and fecal coliform were 80.49%, 78.82%, 82.6%, 16.59%, 23.75% and 51.85%, respectively. Discussion & Conclusion: The results indicated that the treatment plant did not have convenient efficiency according to the environmental standards. Therefore, the appropriate measures are required to modify and upgrade of the treatment plant units capacity.
Kiomars Sharafi, Amir Karami, Fatemeh Navazeshkhah, Masoud Moradi,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (9-2014)
Abstract

Background and Aims: The discharge wastewater of hospital into surface and groundwater to be provide the major risks and challenges for the human. So, this study is an attempt to be examined the treatment and disposal of hospital wastewater status in Kermanshah Province in 2011-12. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive - analytic study was conducted that included all hospitals in Kermanshah province (19 private and public hospitals). Tools and methods of data collection through the Czech list (including 18 questions about general and specific information on the status of hospital treatment and sewage disposal) that were matched with the person. Finally the resulting data were recorded in the form of tables and graphs. Results: The results showed that total of 19 hospitals, 7 hospitals (36.8% of all hospitals) have a wastewater treatment system in use (active), 5 hospitals (24.4%) with a wastewater treatment system inactive and 7 Hospital (36.8 %) do not have a wastewater treatment plant. Conclusion: According to numerous risks that humans and the environment are faced with result in hospital wastewater discharged into municipal sewers, so the lack of wastewater treatment in 12 hospitals (63.15%) is concerned. So getting policies for the construction of wastewater treatment systems in all hospital and operation by companies and professionals in the field, chlorinated raw sewage (wastewater treated if possible) to reduce pollution entering the collection and treatment network House of sewage, Adequately monitor the health authorities, water companies and other related organizations are alternatives that can be very effective to meet the standards required in a hospital and Environmental Management System (ISO14000) in set of management processes to improve the quality adjustment of hospital waste.
A Amarloei, M Nazeri, K Sayeh Miri, H Nourmoradi, F Khodarahmi,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (9-2014)
Abstract

Introduction: Nitrate and nitrite are considered as ground water pollutants in recent years due to the increasing the industrials, agricultures and as well as municipal wastewaters. The concentration of these pollutants in ground water is increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate the nitrate and nitrite concentration in Ilam Township. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 60 drinking water wells at the various location of Ilam. 60 water samples were collected and the content of nitrate and nitrite of the samples was determined with spectrophotometer (DR-5000). The data was finally analyzed by SPSS and Arc view GIS softwares. Findings: The findings showed that the concentration of nitrate and nitrite in 98.33% of the samples was lower than the standards and 1.67% of the samples had the ions concentration higher than the standards. The highest concentration of nitrate ions (10.5 mg/l on the basis of N) was attributed to the well studied at Haft Cheshmeh Village located in the agricultural area. The highest concentration of nitrite ions (1.19 mg/l on the basis of N) was also belonged to the well studied at Abza Village located in the agricultural area. There was no significant difference between the concentration of nitrate (p-value=0.96) and nitrite (p-value=0.71) among the various area (agricultural, industrial and urban). Discussion & Conclusion: It was concluded that the water quality studied was now corresponded to the Iran drinking water standards. Nevertheless, the monitoring of these water resources is essential and treatment and sanitary disposal of wastewaters most be considered. Keywords: Ilam, Ground Water, Water Pollution, Nitrate, Nitrite.
A Babaei, F Ghafari Zadeh , H Normoradi, K Ahmadi Angali, M Moslemnia, J Salimi,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (9-2014)
Abstract

Abstract

Introduction: Water treatment by membrane methods such as reverse osmosis is used by people in the region that the quality of drinking water is not suitable. The low quality of water in Abadan city is resulted in the use of water treatment centers with reverse osmosis (RO) systems and distribution of water by portable tanks over the city. In this study, the microbial quality of product water supplied by the treatment centers and portable water tanks was examined.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the water treatment centers and portable water tanks over six months (summer and autumn 2012) in Abadan city. A total of 159 samples were taken and examined by the standard procedures. The parameters of E.coli, coliform, TDS, EC, pH, residual chlorine and turbidity were measured in this work.

Results: The results showed that 2% of water treatment centers and 5% of portable tanks were contaminated by E.coli microorganism. The residual chlorine and turbidity of water samples were also undesirable in the 92% and 87% of the tested samples, respectively. But, the results of the EC, TDS and PH analysis of the water samples showed that the quality of these parameters were in the range of the national and international standards.

Discussion and Conclusion: Despite more microbial contamination of water in the portable water tanks toward the water treatment centers, the statistical analysis did not show the significant difference between them (P-value>0.05). But, due to the high microbial contamination observed in the portable tanks, the adding the disinfectants into the water tanks and educating the portable tanks operators to rise of their awareness can be effective in reducing the secondary bacterial infections.


Z Noorimotlagh, M Javaheri, Z Rahmati, H Nourmoradi,
Volume 22, Issue 6 (1-2015)
Abstract

Introduction: The presence of dye in aqueous solution can cause carcinogenic and leave mutagenic effects on the hu-man health. This study aimed to eva-luate the performance of lime coagulant using polymer in the removal of dis-perse red 60 dye from synthetic waste-water.
 Materials & Methods: This study was conducted in the batch system. The effects of the coagulant aid dosage, pH, dye concentration, coagulant dose, sett-ling time, velocity and time of slow mi-xing was studied. Jar test and UV/Vis spectrophotometric were used to coag-ulate and determine of concentration, respectively.
 Findings: Results indicated that dye was removed for 90.61% in the prese-nce of preastol optimum concentration and removed for46.21% (0.08 g/l) in the absence of preastol optimum concen-tration, respectively. The optimum solu-teion pH range was extended using the coagulationaid and the velocity of the mixer in jar test had a substantial effect on the dye removal.
 Discussion & Conclusion: Based on results, the use of the coagulant aid de-creased the coagulant dose and incre-ased (almost two times) the dye removal percentage in the same condition. Thus, coagulation process through coagulant-aid could be used as an effective meth-od to remove dye from textile waste-waters.

A Salahi, M Khashij, Z Asadi Ghotbi,
Volume 22, Issue 7 (3-2015)
Abstract

Introduction: Nowadays, using bottled waters is increasing by people in Iran and around the world due to the trust in their quality, easy transportation as well as accessibility with a low cost. In order to protect public health, ensuring the quality of water has great importance. The goal of this study is to measure of Pb, Cd and Cr in distributed bottled waters in Hamadan and to compare with the world standards.
 Materials & methods: This research is a cross- sectional study which carried out on 10 brands of bottled water (0.5 lit) produced in Iran and distributed in Hamadan- in 2012. During the study period, 60 samples were purchased randomly from sup-ermarkets during two sequential seasons- summer and fall. Concentration of the heavy metals Lead, Cadmium and Chr-omium was measured by atomic absorption using standard methods.
 Findings: The results showed that the maximum concentrations of the heavy metals, Cr, Cd, Pb samples are 27.35±1.99, 1.65±.48, 9.15± 1.9 µg/L in which the lowest and highest values pertain to cadmium and chromium, respectively.
 Discussion & Conclusion: The Results 0f findings imply that the concentration of heavy metals are matched in WHO, EPA and Iran´s standards, and the concentrations of samples were less than the standards mentioned above. So there is no public health risk regarding the consumption of bottled water.

Meghdad Pirsaheb, Shahram Naderi, Bahareh Lorestani, Touba Khosrawi, Kiomars Sharafi,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (10-2015)
Abstract

Introduction: During patients’ hemodialysis Circle, the amount of heavy metals in feed water to dialysis instrument and the patient’s blood are changed. The present study aims at evaluating the trend of lead, cadmium, chromium and zinc concentration in feed water to reverse osmosis, dialysis instrument and blood of hemodialysis patients in 7 hospitals of Kermanshah.
 Materials & methods: A total of 42 samples of feed water, 42 samples of reverse osmosis systems permeate and 42 samples of hemodialysis instrument permeate were collected from 7 hospitals in Kermanshah. The collected samples were analyzed and the concentration of lead, chromium, cadmium and zinc were determined by using ICP (DV-Optima2100 model) according to a standard method. Furthermore, statistical analysis was carried out by using one-sample t-test to compare mean quality of feed water of dialysis instrument with AAMI and EPH standards. In addition, ANOVA test was used for comparing the results of three sample groups.
Findings: The obtained results indicated that the mean concentration of lead, cadmium, chromium and zinc in feed water of reverse osmosis system (drinking water), were 18.53± 8.25, 0.706± 0.42, 86.06 ± 5.56, 112.67± 63.56pbb, respectively. Also, quantity of these constituents in the feed and permeate of electrolysis device was 18.81±5.32, 0.719±0.53, 84.25±2.46, 43.39±19.4pbb and 12.5±6.32, 1.39±0.87, 66.15±13.54, 60.38±22.39pbb, respectively. Due to obtained results, the removal efficiency of zinc and chromium by reverse osmosis system in dialysis instrument were 61.5 and 2.1%, respectively, while it was not effective in removing lead and cadmium metals. Discussion & Conclusion: Increasing the level of lead and cadmium in permeate water of the reverse osmosis system rather than the feed water indicated that the reverse osmosis membrane function is out of service as a result, it is required to be washed or replaced. Decreasing both lead and chromium metals in permeate solution of the dialysis instrument revealed the addition of the amount of those two hazardous metals to the blood of hemodialysis patients, which could be related to reverse osmosis membrane deficiency and high concentration of metals in its water permeate.


Mohammad Malakootian, Kamyar Yaghmaeian, Rasoul Momenzadeh,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (10-2015)
Abstract

Introduction: The materials from domestic and industrial effluents are discharged directly or indirectly into the aquatic ecosystem and environmental hazards are caused and it's inevitable to remove them. The adsorption method for removing surfactants using absorbent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Leca-modified as absorbent for the removal of SDS from wastewater.

Materials & methods: The study was conducted on a laboratory scale and uncontinually. To increase the efficiency of the adsorption, the absorbent was washed with HCl. The effect of parameters such as (3-11) pH, amount of adsorbent (0.5-3g/L), surfactant concentration (25-200mg/L) and contact time (15-120min) on Removal of surfactant was investigated. Then, by experiments on synthetic sample, the optimum conditions with real wastewater sample was performed. Surfactant concentration is measured by a spectrophotometer.

Findings: The maximum adsorption of surfactant by Leca-modified under optimum conditions (contact time of 60 min at pH 3, the amount of 2.5g/L of absorbent and initial concentration of surfactant is 100mg/L) in synthetic solution SDS was obtained in the rate of 77%  and in the same conditions it was 65% at the real sample. Removal efficiency decreased with increasing initial concentration of surfactant. Langmuir Isotherm (R2=0.96) and the first synthetic adsorption  had the most consistency with the results indicated in this study.

Discussion & Conclusion: The results showed that Leca-modified with HCl can be used as a low cost and effective adsorbent for  removal anionic surfactants from aqueous solutions.

.


Mohammad Malakootian, Zabihollah Yousefi, Zahra Khodashenas Limoni,
Volume 23, Issue 6 (1-2016)
Abstract

Introduction: Environment contamination by heavy metals is a major issue threatening human health. One of the biological processes for removing toxic metals from wastewater  is biosorption. The aim of this study is to determine the rate of zinc (Zn+2) biosorption in industrial sewages by Chlorella vulgaris.

 Materials & methods: This laboratory scale experimental study was performed during April 2014 to October 2014 in Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences. For determining zinc biosorption by Chlorella was measured under different conditions (pollutant concentrations, adsorbent dosage, contact time and pH). The rate of residual zinc was determined using atomic absorption instrument. Experiments were also performed in real conditions on electroplating industry sewage sample. Adsorption isotherms and metal ions kinetic modeling onto the adsorbent were determined based on Langmuir, Freundlich and first and second order kinetic models.

Findings: At constant temperature of 25ºC, optimal pH 7, contact time of 60 minutes and adsorbent concentration of 2g/L, zinc adsorption efficiency was reported to be 67.72% for real sample and 90.23% for synthetic sample. Based on the obtained results, zinc adsorption followed Langmuir model and second order kinetic equation.

Discussion & Conclusions: As a result of  high adsorption potential in real sample, 67.720/0, Chlorella vulgaris can be efficiently used for zinc removal from industrial wastewaters.


Ghasem Akbari, Amirali Shahbazfar, Davoud Kianifard, Heresh Rezaei, Siamak Shokrollahi, Mrs Donya Mohebi,
Volume 24, Issue 6 (2-2017)
Abstract

Introduction: Burning injuries are among physical and chemical  destructive phenomena which sometimes cause death . Anti bacterial effects of olive oil and lime water has been proved previously. Olive oil and lime water are used to treat burning injuries in Iran by traditional practitioners . The aim of this study was a microscopic survey on the healing effects of olive oil and lime water on second degree burning injuries in rat .

Material & methods: In this study, 36 Wistar rats were used. After the production of a second degree burning injury, the rats were randomly divided into three groups. The first group were treated with the combination of olive oil and lime water, the second group were treated with silver sulfadiazine 1% and the third group received normal saline. Untill the end of the 4th week 3 of the rats were killed each week and tissue specimens were taken from them. Afterwards microscopic slides were made of them. The slides were studied qualitatively using a light microscope. The number of blood vessels were counted in the surface unit too.

Findings: The number of blood vessels enhanced with the time. This enhancement is more in the group of olive oil and lime water. With the maturity of the wounds the number of the vessels reduced. Qualitative study showed that olive oil and lime water treat the injuries faster and vascularization, granulation tissue growth and maturity and epithelialization were faster in this group.

Discussion & conclusions: Olive oil and lime water can be used as a cheap treatment for second burning injuries.


Pardis Babashahi, Nooshin Naghsh, Mahbobeh Madani,
Volume 26, Issue 3 (9-2018)
Abstract

Introduction: The resistance of opportunistic fungal strains has been on a growing trend in the recent years. The toxicity of antimicrobial drugs, development of fungal resistance, and incidence of drug interactions account for the consideration of new drug combinations against fungi. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to perform an in vitro investigation on the effect of paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and magnetic water on Fusarium oxysporum.
 
Materials and Methods: The synthesis of paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles was conducted in Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan Branch, Falavarjan, Iran, using the co-precipitation method. The antifungal effects of paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and the impact of magnetic water with an intensity of 0.1 Tesla on Fusarium oxysporum were investigated using pur plate technique. Accordingly, the percentage of Fusarium oxysporum growth inhibition was determined.
 
Findings: The results of X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy showed that iron oxide nanoparticles had a diameter of 20-25 nm with a cubic shape. Based on the results of pur plate technique, 0.1 Tesla magnetic water reduced the diameter of Fusarium oxysporum colonies by more than 49.64% on all days. In addition, the iron oxide nanoparticles at a concentration of 500 ppm inhibited the diameter of the fungal colony by more than 30% on all days. Furthermore, the combination of iron oxide nanoparticles at a concentration of 500 ppm with 0.1 Tesla magnetic water inhibited the growth of fungal colonies by more than 50%. Therefore, the combined method exerted the greatest synergistic impact on reducing the diameter of the fungal colony. Similar to ketoconazole (concentration of 0.003 mg/ml), on the first day, iron oxide nanoparticles with a concentration of 500 ppm inhibited fungal growth.
However, on the twelfth day, 0.1 Tesla magnetic water had a better performance, compared to ketoconazole as a conventional antifungal drug.

Conclusion: As the findings indicated, paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with a diameter of 20-25 nm alone and in combination with 0.1 Tesla magnetic water had magnetic antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum.


Mahmood Saiedi, Morteza Karami, Reza Nemati, Zahra Soleymani, Mohammad Mehralian, Mahsa Moradi,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract

Introduction: High volumes of wastewater along with contaminants, such as colloids and dyes are discharged from different industries into the environment. These wastewaters create major problems and serious threats for water resources. Therefore, it is essential to treat such wastewaters and reach the effluent discharge standards. In this regard, chitosan as a coagulant has a comparable performance with other coagulants. Moreover, the addition of chitosan and removal of turbidity probably lead to higher efficiency of nanoparticles in lower dosages which is investigated in the current study. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of chitosan and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles for the removal of color and turbidity.
 
Materials & Methods: Synthetic wastewater was prepared by mixing specific amounts of bentonite and direct blue 71 dye in distilled water. After the preparation of different concentrations of color and turbidity, the experiments were conducted with different dosages of chitosan and MgO separately and in combination. The influence of variables such as pH, initial concentration of dye and turbidity, MgO and chitosan dosages on removal efficiency was investigated in this study.
 
Fidings: According to the results, the highest rate of color and turbidity removal was obtained at 1.5 mg/L chitosan in combination with 1.5 g/L MgO with the efficiency of 97.5%. In addition, the highest removal efficiency was obtained at pH of 7.
 
Discussion & Conclusions: Due to the need for high doses of MgO in high turbidities, the use of chitosan as a coagulant can be effective in reducing the use of MgO.
 
 


Leila Darvishi, Azizollah Ebrahimi, Mohammad Reza Mahzounieh,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract

Introduction: Azo dyes are the most commonly used colors in textile industry. These colors are among the pollutant materials in the environment. Moreover, they are discharged into the environment in combination with industrial wastewater and pollute the ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to isolate and detect bacteria biodegrading Methyl Red and Rubin Dyprsy colors from dye waste water.
 
Materials & Methods: The soil samples and wastewaters from textile dyeing workshops, were utilized in this study. The samples were cultivated on a nutrient agar (N.A) medium containing the desired colors, and some of them were isolated from bacterial colonies after checking. After purification, 100 μl of bacterial stocks and colors at a concentration of 200 ppm were inoculated into the medium containing nutrient broth (N.B) with pH=7. Subsequently, the samples were incubated at 30° C for 6-7 days. The samples were separated and optical density of samples was measured using spectrophotometer after centrifugation in appropriate wavelength for each color (450 nm for Rubin Dyprsy and 490 nm for Methyl Red). Moreover, Gram staining and biochemical tests were carried out to identify strains.
 
Findings: According to the results, 8 Gram-positive cocci and coccobacilli strains showed the most capability to degrade evaluated colors. The highest rates of decolorization by O3 and Y4 were observed for Rubin Dyprsy (46.80%) and Methyl Red (80%), respectively.
 
Discussion & Conclusions: The results showed that indigenous strains can be used for biodegradation of industrial dyes under applicable conditions.
 
 
Ramezan Sadeghi, Mehraban Sadeghi, Rahman Abdizadeh, Soliman Forouzandeh, Mohammad Rasoul Asadi Amirabadi,
Volume 27, Issue 4 (10-2019)
Abstract

Introduction: Heavy metals are among the most stable and non-degradable biological pollutants in the environment that can enter the water, soil, air, and therefore, the food chain. In recent years, biological methods, especially with the help of bacteria, have been used to remove heavy metals from industrial waste. The purpose of this study was to identify nickel-resistant (Ni) bacteria in the chemical refinery of Mobarakeh Steel Complex in Isfahan, Iran.
 
Materials & Methods: Samples of wastewater and sludge were evaluated regarding bacterial species and Ni (II)-resistance after dilution and transfer on the culture medium. Ni-resistant strain (II) and Micrococcus luteus SEHD031RS strains were selected for morphological and biochemical tests as well as Ni (II) removal, respectively.
 
Findings: This study showed that five strains had high Ni (II) resistance. Moreover, Micrococcus luteus SEHD031RS and Paenibacillus lautus SEHD031MRA strains showed the highest resistance to Ni (II) with growth at the concentrations of 110 and 90 mg/l, respectively. In this study, the highest nickel (II) removal rate was at pH 6 with a yield of 75.39% and the lowest nickel (II) removal rate was at pH 2 with a yield of 3.22% for Micrococcus luteus SEHD031RS strain. Ethics code: ir.skums. irac.1396-37
 
Discussion & Conclusions: It can be concluded that the detected strains can be suitable choices for Ni (II) removal from industrial wastewaters according to the features mentioned in this study.

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مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences
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