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Introduction: Varicocele is the most common cause of male infertility with approximately 19 to 40% prevalence that leads to low sperm production and fertilization through several mechanisms. In this case-control study, seminal total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were investigated as one of the possible mechanism(s) by which varicocele may affect the sperm parameters quality and male infertility. Materials & Methods: Semen samples were provided from healthy (normalospermic n=15) and varicocele-suffering (infertile n=14) men at babol IVF centers, then analyzed according to WHO (World Health Organization/1998) standards. Seminal TAC and MDA levels in all the specimen were measured by FRAP and TBA methods, respectively. Findings: Based on the results, mean concentration (±S.D) of TAC in the seminal plasma of varicocele-suffering men (1092.43±370.56 µmol/l) was significantly lower (p<0.001) than that of the healthy men (2335.44±764.78 µmol/l). Moreover, MDA levels in seminal plasma of varicocele-suffering cases (0.92±0.27 nmol/ml) was significantly (p=0.001) higher than that of the healthy ones (0.57±0.22 nmol/ml). Discussion & Conclusion: It implies that low level of seminal TAC activity and subsequently high oxidative status could be regarded as one of the negative effects of varicocele on sperm quality and the function which initiates further studies.

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Introduction: Physical activity, despite an increased production of free radicals due to stress oxidation, reduces production of free radicals due to product antioxidant enzymes. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of eccentric and concentric exercise on oxidant and antioxidant factors in active young women. Materials & Methods: Twenty four voluntary female students participated in the study, who were randomly assigned to three groups: control (no training), eccentric training group (ellestad test with reverse slope), and concentric training group (ellestad test with straight slope). Blood samples were collected 1h before and immediately after exercise for assessment of plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The SPSS software Ver.13 was used, while one-way variance was applied to determine dependent variables. T-test analysis was performed on values from blood samples to obtain differences between pre-and post training values. Findings: The results showed that after eccentric and concentric exercise, there were a significant increase in plasma TAC, GSH, MDA levels compared with that of what before the exercise, (p<0.05). However, there was no significant increase in TAC concentric training group. Discussion & Conclusion: In conclusion, we suggest that eccentric and concentric exercise may improve antioxidant levels and the defenses of athletic bodies in facing with free radicals.

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  Background: Antioxidants are molecules that inhibit the action of free radicals and vitamin E is one of the most important antioxidant compounds. Vitamin E is insoluble in water and it will limit its application in polar media. Many studies are performing for finding of water-soluble analogues of this compound at present. In this study, polar and synthetic analogue of vitamin E (IRFI005) was used for survey the expected properties of vitamin E in polar media.

  Methods: Evaluation of IRFI005 extra-cellular antioxidant activity was studied by spectrophotometric method at 430 nm and by using the Galvinoxyl free radical in 1:2 and 1:4 (IRFI005 : Galvinoxyl) molar concentrations. Intra-cellular antioxidant effects of 5 µM IRFI005 was also studied by using DCFH₂-DA colored probe and cumene hydro peroxide in DCF method.

  Results: IRIF005 inhibits the oxidant molecules in the inside and outside media of the cell. Galvinoxyl has lower optical density (OD) in ratio 1:2 and it has been removed completely from the media. Each IRFI005 molecule is able to remove two free radical molecules. It also suppresses CHP effect into the cell and inhibits the increase of fluorescence intensity.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that in polar media, IRFI005 is a powerful, dose-dependent and active antioxidant and it can inhibit oxidant molecules of inside and outside the cell.

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Introduction: Peptide Brevinin-2R has been isolated from frog Ranaridibunda skin secretions. This peptide has anti-bacterial and anti-cancer properties. Cerium oxide (CeO₂, ceria) is a lanthanide metal oxide which has the ability to participate in the reduction and oxidation reactions. In this study, antioxidant properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles conjugated with the peptide Brevinin 2R were measured.

Materials & methods: Cerium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized in starch solution. Then, the surface of cerium oxide nanoparticles was functionalized with amine and conjugated with peptide Brevinin-2R. Furthermore, antioxidant activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles conjugated with peptide was evaluated by scavenging of DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. Also, inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation was investigated.

Findings: The results showed that cerium oxide nanoparticles conjugated with peptide inhibits oxidation of linoleic acid and also served as radical scavenging of DPPH (IC₅₀=0.2 mg/ml), ABTS (IC₅₀=0.54 mg/ml), superoxide (IC₅₀=0.078 mg/ml) and hydroxyl (IC₅₀=0.1 mg/ml).

Discussion & Conclusions: The results showed that cerium oxide nanoparticles conjugated with Brevinin-2R peptide isolated from frog skin had a strong antioxidant activity. Its antioxidant activity is probably because of presence of amino acids such as cysteine, phenylalanine, and hydrophobic amino acids including leucine and alanine. The antioxidant properties of peptide conjugated nanoparticle could be due to the presence of cerium oxide.

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Introduction: An imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defense system components can lead to oxidative stress. Antioxidants can reduce inflammation. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory factor, and the question is whether the Resvin, as an antioxidant, can reduce the level C-reactive protein in elite women volleyball players.

Materials & methods: In this semi-experimental study, with pre-test and post-test design, 20 elite female athletes were randomly assigned to two equal groups of supplement and control. Subjects in the intervention group received 400 mg of Resvin supplements daily for 14 days. Blood samples were taken for determination of CRP level, before and after the intervention. Resvin supplementation is carried out at the special practice stage. CRP was measured using a LATEX kit.

Findings: The results show that Resvin supplementation leads to significant reduction in inflammatory factor of C - reactive protein in elite women volleyball players (p<0/05). The variation of CRP (mg/l) shows 0/37 mg/l decrease and 0/09 increase in supplemented and placebo groups, respectively.

Discussion & Conclusions: Based on the current finding, it can be suggested that Resvin consumption might be reduced the production of CRP inflammatory factor after high intensity exercise and may help improve recovery.

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Introduction: Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the production of free radicals and antioxidants. Oxidative stress is associated with causing chronic diseases such as diabetes and cancer; therefore, production of synthetic and natural antioxidants to prevent oxidative stress and its damaging effects is essential. In this regard nanoparticles synthesized by green method can be used to show antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of Silver nanoparticles synthesized by green method from aqueous extract of sumac fruit.

Materials & methods: antioxidant activity of Silver nanoparticles synthesized by green method from aqueous extract of sumac fruit was measured by DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)), and OH (hydroxyl) radical scavenging activity.

Findings: Silver nanoparticles synthesized by green method from aqueous extract of sumac fruit had scavenging activity against DPPH (IC₅₀=170 µM), ABTS (IC₅₀=30 µM) and hydroxyl (IC₅₀=350 µM) free radicals.

Discussion & Conclusions: The results of this study showed that Silver nanoparticles synthesized by green method from aqueous extract of sumac fruit had a strong antioxidant activity. The antioxidant properties of Sumac silver nanoparticles make them valuable in therapy of many diseases caused by oxidative stress and other biomedical applications.

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Introduction: Stress oxidative is a major problem for centuries and the origin of various disease from cataracts to cancer. Free radicals are atoms or molecules the have the single electron that re highly reactive and can be irreversible damage to vital molecules in organisms. Antioxidants are capable of biological systems to protect against this elements. zinc oxide nanoparticle have antimicrobial, anti-cancer and antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study was to assess the antioxidant effect of zinc oxide nanoparticle synthesized  by green method and catalase gene expression changes in human liver cancer cells (HepG2) in response to different concentration of nanoparticles.

Materials & methods: Antioxidant activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by green method was measured using ABTS (2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical absorbance. The human liver cancer cells (HepG2) cultured in the six well plates and then were treated with different concentrations of nanoparticles. After extraction of RNA and synthesis of cDNA, Real time PCR was carried out and catalase gene expression changes were assessed.

Findings: Antioxidant activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized  by green method was measured by ABTS (2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (IC₅₀= 1200µg) radical scavenging activity. Also, with the increasing concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized  by green method , catalase gene expression compared to control gene GAPDH increased.

Discussion & conclusions: The results of this study showed that the concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized  by green method had a strong antioxidant activity.

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Introduction: Diabetes is a metabolic and chronic disorder. One of the safe treatments in diabetes disease is the use of herbal plants in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to consider the antioxidant and anti-inflammation effectof ziziphus vulgaris (jujube) in contrast with diabetes.

Materials & methods: In this study, 30 Wistar rats were studied in three groups including control diabetic, non control diabetic and treatment group for 5 weeks. The animals intreatment group were treated with the powder of jujube (1 g/kg bw) for two weeks. After two weeks, stereptozotocin (60 mg/kg bw) was used for induced diabetes in animal except non diabetic control group. Afterwards, the animals were treated for three weeks in the same way. At the end of the study the animal blood samples were taken and the antioxidant content of serum, malondialdehyde (MDA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Data analysis was done by statistical tests as: Kruskalwallis and Wilcoxon singed ranks.

Findings:  The content of  MDA and CRP had a significant decrease in comparison with diabetic control group in animals that received the powder of jujube before induction of the diabetes (P>0/05). In the end of study, the content of serum antioxidant in the rats that treated with jujube showed a significant increase in comparison with diabetic rats too (P>0/05).

Discussion & conclusions: The jujube fruit has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action and it is useful in preventing inflammation due to diabetes and diabetes treatment.

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Introduction: Glaucoma is a chronic optic degenerative neuropathy in which people may lose their peripheral vision. Since various factors are involved in the pathogenesis of this disease the aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between serum and aqueous humor selenium levels, serum glutathione and hemolysate and aqueous humor glutathione peroxidase 1 values with primary open angle glaucoma.

Materials & methods: In this study, 45 patients with open-angle glaucoma and 45 controls were randomly selected and diagnosed by specialists. Measurement of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase 1 was normalized by hemoglobin. Hemoglobin and glutathione measurements were performed by colorimetric method. Serum and aqueous humor selenium values were measured using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy with hydride generator. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS ver.18.

Findings: Total aqueous humor antioxidant value showed no significant difference between patient and control groups (p=0.84). However, both groups showed comparable levels of aqueous humor selenium so that in patients was significantly higher than controls (p=0.02). It was also observed that serum selenium increased significantly in comparison with aqueous humor selenium (p=0.0001). It was also found that aqueous humor selenium was not correlated to intraocular pressure (p=0.045).

Discussion & conclusions: It seems that selenium has an important role in biological pathways associated with pathogenesis of disease.

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Introduction: Having high antioxidant capacity and an important role in the health, the flavonoids and phenolic compounds increase antioxidant defense against antioxidative stress. White tea is among herbs attracting attention recently due to high antioxidant capacity. The present study aimed at surveying the effect of white tea on oxidative stress resulted of Arsenic.
 
Materials & methods: In the present study 32 male rats were used in four groups of eight animals. The first group composed of healthy animals (control group) which received distilled water along with standard dietary via gavage, the second one was treated with Arsenic (50 ppm in drinking water), the third group was treated with white tea extract (1.5%) via gavage and the fourth one received aqueous white tea extract (1.5%) plus Arsenic (50 ppm in drinking water) via gavage. Upon the end of the treatment period (28 days) the rats were anesthetized using ether and then autopsy was conducted to measure the levels of Catalase Antioxidant Enzymes (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD), Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) of liver.
 
Findings: The aqueous extract of white tea caused a meaningful increase of CAT , GPx, and SOD activities as well as a meaningful decrease of MDA . It also increased the TAC (P<0.05). On the other hand, administrating the Sodium Arsenic caused a meaningful decrease of    CAT , GPx, and SOD as well as a meaningful increase of MDA . It also increased the TAC (P<0.05). Administrating the aqueous extract of white tea plus Sodium Arsenic caused a meaningful increase of SOD AND GPx activities (P<0.05).
 
Discussion & conclusions: The results demonstrated that administration of white tea causes to increase the antioxidant enzymes activity as well as to strengthen the antioxidant defense and to decrease the stress oxidative resulted of Arsenic, besides. In the present the administration of Sodium Arsenite caused decreased antioxidant enzymes activity and increased MDA.
 

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Introduction: Nanotechnology and nanoparticles have significantly been considered for their potential in various fields including medicine and treatment. Silver nanoparticles are the most important nanoparticles that play an important role in treatment of cancer. Previous studies showed that silver nanoparticles have several properties such as antioxidants, anti-cancer and antibacterial. Therefore, in this study, the antioxidant properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized by Rubina tinctorum L (Ru-AgNPs) were investigated, using standard protocols. Subsequently, the cytotoxicity effects of the synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated on cancer cells (HepG2) compared to normal ones (HDF).

Materials & Methods: In this study, the antioxidant effect of Ru-AgNPs was evaluated using ABTS and DPPH free radicals scavenging assay.  The MTT procedure was used to evaluate the cytotoxic properties of the nanoparticle against two cell lines examined 24 hours after exposure.

Findings: The results showed that Ru-AgNPs was able to inhibit ABTS and DPPH free radicals depending on the concentration. The MTT results demonstrated that this nanoparticle can inhibit liver cancer cells in very low concentrations (IC₅₀: 6µg/ml), but does not have an inhibitory effect in similar concentration on normal cells (IC₅₀: 100µg/ml).

Conclusion & Discussion: Our results show that Ru-AgNPs has an antioxidant effect and is able to inhibit the HepG2 cells in a low concentration too, but it does not have any toxic effects in a similar concentration on HDF cells, which makes this nanoparticle a suitable candidate for use in inhibiting cancerous cells.

 

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Introduction: Acute alcohol consumption leads to induction of lipid peroxidation in renal tissues, but its chronic consumption has moderate effects on biochemical and histological characteristics of this organ. Antioxidants have protective effects against ethanol-induced oxidative stress and tissue injury. The aim of this study was to assess antioxidant activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra leaf and stem extracts and the protective effect of its leaf extract on ethanol-induced nephrotoxicity.
 
Materials & methods: Total phenol and flavonoid contents of leaf and stem extracts of G. glabra were measured by Folin Ciocalteu and AlCl₃ assays, respectively. Antioxidant activity of both extracts was assessed using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging. In addition, protective effect of the leaf extract was assessed using biochemical and histological analyses of renal tissues of male Wistar rats, which were divided into four groups including group 1 or control (received 1 ml distilled water daily), group 2 or ethanol group (received 1 ml of 50% ethanol daily), group 3 or ethanol + leaf extract group (received 1 ml of 50% ethanol + 500 mg/kg leaf extract daily), and group 4 (received 500 mg/kg of leaf extract daily). All treatments are performed through intragastric administration. Biochemical and histological analyses were used for the evaluation of nephrotoxicity. For histological study, the samples were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and examined by light microscopy. Finally, all the data were analyzed by SPSS (Ver. 20) and grouped by Duncan's Multiple Range Test at P <0.05 level.
 
Findings: There was no significant difference between total phenol contents of the stem and leaf extracts. However, the stem extract showed a higher total flavonoid content than the leaf extract. Also, both the extracts showed higher antioxidant activities (86-93%) than that of ascorbic acid (71%). Results from biochemical analysis indicated a significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and H₂O₂ content in the renal tissues of ethanol-treated rats in comparison with other groups; however, there were no significant changes in total protein and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Results from histological examination showed that alcohol consumption intensity injured kidney tissues, which was effectively moderated by the studied extract.
 
Discussion & Conclusions: Results from the present study showed that G. glabra extract has biological activity and can be used in future as a new natural antioxidant in food and drug industries.

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Introduction: There are many reports on the application of medicinal plants in traditional medicine, as well as numerous applications of metallic nanoparticles in different biomedical fields. Plant extract mediated green synthesis of nanoparticles and investigations on their therapeutic effects are new concepts. The medicinal plant of Cuminum cyminum L. includes a wide range of secondary metabolites with a high reducing power, which can be used for green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. The main aims of this study were phytochemical analysis of seed aqueous extract of Cuminum cyminum, biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using this extract, the achievement of optimization condition for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, and assessment of biological activaties of both the extract and the synthesized nanoparticles.
 
Materials & Methods: Total phenol and flavonoid, reducing sugar, starch, and ascorbic acid contents were measured by Folin-Ciocalteo, aluminum chloride, dinitrosalicylic acid, anthrone, and dinitrophenyl hydrazine reagents, respectively. The Ag⁺ ions reduction and characterization of silver nanoparticles were assessed by UV-Visible spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Antioxidant activity of the samples was screened by DPPH free radical scavenging. Antibacterial activity of the samples was also evaluated against four gram-positive and -negative bacteria namely, Bacillus cereus (PTCC 1247), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) by disc diffusion method. In addition, antifungal activity was assessed against Fusarium oxysporum.
 
Findings: The indings indicated that the seed extract contained the high amounts of total phenolic and flavonoidic compositions, as well as sugar, starch, and ascorbic acid. Different analyses showed that the mean size of the synthesized nanoparticles was 5-45 nm in the optimal condition. The samples had proper antioxidant potential (IC₅₀=1.35-1.67 mg/ml) and the extract in combination with silver nanoparticles represented synergistic effect in DPPH free radical scavenging (IC₅₀=1.35 mg/ml). In addition, the investiogated samples had a good antibacterial activity against some of tested bacteria and also antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum.
 
Discussion & Conclusions: It seems that the secondary metabolites of Cuminum cyminum have good potential for the reduction and stabilization of the synthesized Ag nanoparticles. Both the seed extract and synthesized nanoparticles using this extract have considerable biological activities and may be used in antioxidant nutrient production or medicinal supplements in future.
 

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Introduction: The use of nanoparticles to inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells is one of the achievements of the nanotechnology science. Studies have shown that silver nanoparticles have cytotoxic effects on the growth of cancerous cells. On the other hand, the antioxidant properties of this nanoparticle have been proven in many studies. Therefore, in this investigation, antioxidant capacity and cytotoxicity effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Root of Persicaria bistorta L (Bi/Ag-NPs) on liver cancer cells (HepG2) compared with normal skin cells (HDF) were studied. In addition, ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of Bi/Ag-NPs was evaluated using colorimetric tests.
 
Materials & Methods: In order to evaluate the cytotoxicity effects, first the cancerous and normal cells were cultured and treated with various concentrations of Bi/Ag-NPs and finally, the cell survival rate was estimated using the MTT assay. The antioxidant activity of Bi/Ag-NPs was evaluated according to the amount of ABTS and DPPH free radicals inhibition.
 
Findings:  The results showed that Bi/Ag-NPs inhibited cancer cells with an IC₅₀ value of about 3 μg/ml, while at this concentration they were ineffective on normal cells (IC₅₀: 50 μg/ml). The scavenging of ABTS (IC₅₀: 15 μg / ml) and DPPH (IC₅₀: 20 μg/ml) free radicals confirmed the antioxidant properties of Bi/Ag-NPs.
 
Discussion & Conclusions: The cytotoxic and antioxidant results show that Bi/Ag-NPs can be used as auxiliary agents for treating many diseases that are caused by oxidative stress and other biomedical applications.    

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Introduction: Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) belongs to the Rutaceae family. The purpose of this study was to identify the phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activity of Bergamot essential oil as well as investigating the effect of its antimicrobial activity on some pathogenic strains causing infection using in vitro.
 
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, phytochemical compounds of Bergamot essential oil were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Antioxidant potential was evaluated by radical scavenging capacity assay (IC₅₀). The antimicrobial effect of Bergamot essential oil was tested through Kirby-Bauer, agar diffusion (well), broth microdilution susceptibility assay, and pour plate (minimum bactericidal concentration) methods.
 
Findings: Phytochemical analysis of the essential oil confirmed the presence of 19 constituents in Bergamot. The main constituents were Limonene (31.58%) and Linalool (21.47%). The Antioxidant activity (IC₅₀) of Bergamot essential oil was equal to 212μg/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Bergamot essential oil for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes was 4, 8, 2 and 2 mg/ml, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration for bacteria was 8, 8, 4 and 4 mg/ml, respectively.
 
Discussion & Conclusions: This study revealed the considerable inhibitory effects of Bergamot essential oil on the pathogenic strain causing infection, including Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes). Although more research is needed in this field, Bergamot essential oil can be used as a new antimicrobial agent in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

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Introduction: Metabolic syndrome has a high prevalence and and it is accompanied by a collection of clinical symtom, such as obesity, hypertension, increased fasting blood sugar and triglyceride (TG), and HDL reduction, along with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Recent studies have considered the reduction of antioxidant capacity as one of the important causes of the complications of this syndrome. Regarding the strong antioxidant effects of eugenol, the aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of eugenol on dyslipidemia induced by metabolic syndrome and serum antioxidant status in male rats.
 
Materials & Methods: This study was conducted on 24 rats which were randomly assigned into groups 1- Tap water recipient, 2- Water-rich fructose with 20% tween, 3-Fructose 10% and 4- Fructose 10% with eugenol mg / Kg 20 ip for eight weeks. At the end of experiment, blood samples were taken to measure the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity of plasma (TAC). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. The levels cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, MDA andTAC were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey test.
 
Findings: It was revealed that adding fructose to drinking water led to significant increase in animal weight, serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, LDL and SGOT, and serum HDL levels (P <0.05). Eugenol decreased serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, MDA and increased serum SGOT, TAC and HDL levels (P <0.05). Serum SGPT levels did not show significant differences among the groups.
 
Discussion & Conclusions: Eugenol improves metabolic syndrome markers and also increases the antioxidant activity of the plasma.
 

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Introduction: Scutellaria pekinensis is one of the most valuable Medicinal species of the Lamiaceae family. The present study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and the antioxidant effects of Scutellaria pekinensis.
 
Materials & Methods: In this study, after extracting the aqueous and methanol extracts, the antioxidant effect of the extract was measure-using DPPH and FRAP methods. Disk diffusion method was use to investigate the antibacterial effect against three types of bacteria.In addition, the study examined phenolic and flavonoidal.
 
Findings: The results showed that the highest amount of phenol and flavonoid were obtained by methanol extract and shaker extraction method. The highest amount of free radical scavenging (DPPH) and FRAP were related to aqueous extract and shaker extraction method. The highest inhibition zone diameter for Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli in the concentration of 600 mg/ml were 15.67±0.58, and 25.33±3.15 respectively, and for Staphylococcus aureus, the concentration of 900 mg / ml was 26±2.
 
Discussion & Conclusions: The results showed that the solvent type and extraction method had a great impact on the amount of antioxidant compounds and antibacterial effects. Considering the few studies performed about this plant, the results of this study can be a good report for further research.
 

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Introduction: Attention to the biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has been increased recently since they are cost-effective, eco-friendly, and potential alternatives to chemical and physical methods. This study aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using an intracellular extract of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Moreover, it was attempted to evaluate their antibacterial and antioxidant effects.
 
Materials & Methods: After the preparation and identification of the physical characteristics of the ZnO NPs, their antioxidant activity was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP). Moreover, the antibacterial activity of NPs was tested against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) using a disc diffusion method. Ethics code: IR.ausmt.rec.1398.11.33
Findings: The results showed that the synthesized NPs had a spherical shape, and their diameter size was < 30 nm. A good absorption at 370 nm confirmed the presence of ZnO NPs. These NPs depicted an improved antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Moreover, they showed concentration-dependent antioxidant activity in both DPPH and FRAP.
 
Discussions & Conclusions: The results indicated that the biosynthesized ZnO NPs had antibacterial and antioxidant activities. This suggests that ZnO NPs can be used in food packaging and cosmetic products. In addition, they can be utilized as an alternative to synthetic antibiotics. However, further studies are required to be conducted in this regard.

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Introduction: Recently, much attention has been paid to the biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) due to their eco-friendly, cost-effective, and easily applied nature. This study aimed to synthesize zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs using Eriobotrya Japonica seed aqueous extract. Moreover, it was attempted to evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
 
Materials & Methods: Initially, the Eriobotrya Japonica seed aqueous extract was prepared, and the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured in this study. After the preparation of ZnO NPs by the extract, the antioxidant activity of ZnO NPs was evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging method. In addition, the antibacterial activities of the extract and NPs were determined using a disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus gram-positive bacteria and Escherichia coli gram-negative bacteria. Ethics code:  Ir.ausmt.rec.1398.11.33
 
 
Findings: The results showed that aqueous extract had a specific amount of phenolic and flavonoids (9.86 mg/g and 27 mg/g dry weight of extract, respectively). Moreover, the synthesized ZnO NPs were <30 nm in diameter with a good absorption rate at 349 nm. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the extract and NPs indicated an increase in the antioxidant activity following an increase in the concentration. Furthermore, the anti-bactericidal activity results demonstrated an appropriate antibacterial activity against S. aureus, whereas the aqueous extract had no antibacterial activities.
 
Discussions & Conclusions: The findings revealed that the biosynthesized ZnO NPs had appropriate antioxidant and bactericidal activities. This suggests that the NPs can be used in various sectors, such as cosmetic products and food packaging, as a potential alternative to synthetic antibiotics.