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Introduction: Osteoporosis is a common bone disease that leads to disability and increased mortality due to bone fracture. This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of osteoporosis and its association with gender and age in patients referred to elderly clinic in Taleghani hospital, Tehran. Method: In this descriptive-analytic study, from 580 subjects referred to the elderly clinic of Taleghani hospital, 131 subjects that have BMD file were selected and densitometry results were collected from densitometry records. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using Chi-Square, T-test and linear regression. P<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The overall prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was 19.9% and 36.2 percent. The overall prevalence of osteoporosis was 29.8% and 16.8% in lumbar and femoral region, respectively. Mean lumbar and femoral T-score were -1.692 ± 1.50 and -1.51 ± 1.17, respectively. Association between age and osteoporosis in lumbar region and femoral region was significant (P value <0.05). Association between gender and osteoporosis in lumbar region was significant but in femoral region was not significant. Linear regression between Lumbar and femoral T-score was +0.632 (P value<0.0001) Conclusion: Our finding revealed a higher prevalence rate of osteoporosis in patients referred to elderly clinic of Taleghani hospital and showed that age in femoral and lumbar region can predict lumbar and femoral density.

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Introduction: Osteoporosis-related fractures are one of the most common causes of disabilities in the world as well as in Iran that their incidence is more common among women and old persons. Considering the importance of preventing osteoporosis, especially in women, this study was performed to determine the effect of brief osteoporosis education on knowledge of the first, second and third grades middle school girl students. Methods & Materials: This experimental study (case-control design) was carried out in 2012. The convenience sample included 214 students (the first, second and third grades) were randomly divided to case (111) and control (103) groups. The data collection tools were standard questionnaires that 2 times (before and 2 weeks after education) were completed by the students under study. After pre-test, 1 educational session in the case group were performed. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software and statistical tests (independent t-test, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney and etc). Participation of students was voluntary and with informed consent. Findings: Results of the study showed that there were no significant differences between the scores of knowledge in two groups before the intervention however, after the intervention there was a significant difference in the levels of knowledge between the case and control groups (p<0.001). The same situation was observed in comparing students of grade 1, 2, and 3 between the two groups, separately. Discussion & Conclusion: According to the results, it could be concluded that the brief program was effective on increasing knowledge of the students who had limited information. Thus, short effective interventions but with low costs could be very helpful in improving the awareness of students on osteoporosis and other similar problems.

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Introduction:Osteoporosis is a common disease in women with disabling conseq-uences that burdens a huge economical cost to the society. This study designed to eval-uate the prevalence of osteoporosis and its related factors in women referred to Fasa`s densitometry center. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectio-nal, analytical study, 430 women referred to the densitometry center of Fasa in 2012-13, were selected via a random sampling meth-od. Bone mass densitometry (BMD) at the lumbar spines (L1 to L4) and neck of femur through dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) method. Data collection was acco-mplished through a questionnaire and interviewing with subjects that referred to the center. Results were assigned based on T score scale and the osteoporosis and ost-eopenia were detected based on WHO criteria. Data were analyzed by SPSS16 and descriptive/analytical statistical tests. The significance level was considered P<0.05 in the study. Findings: Mean age of women was 56.4±8. 3 years. The overall prevalence rate of ost-eoporosis and osteopenia was 34.1% and 70%, respectively. Mean of T scores in femoral neck and lumbar spines were -1.78 ±1.22 and 1.54±1.04, respectively. 31% of the women had osteoporosis in femoral neck bone and 46.8% had osteopenia in the bone. The relationships of age, weight, consu-mption of calcium containing diets and regular physical activity with osteopo-rosis were significant.(P<0.001) Discussion & Conclusion: This study sho-wed a higher prevalence rate of osteoporo-sis in the women under study. Regular phy-sical activity and consumption of calcium containing diets such dairy foods is reco-mmended to reduce the prevalence of disease and its complications.

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Introduction: With respect to importance of preventing osteoporosis in women and the lack of a standard questionnaire in this context, the aim of this study was planning and Psychometric assessment of nutritional preventive treatment of osteoporosis in women based on protection motivation theory.
 
Materials & methods: In this cross-sectional study a questionnaire was designed by using evaluation of scientific resources and need assessment of beliefs based on protection motivation theory, which its validity was determined by face and content validity, and its reliability was determined by internal consistency and test- retest. Spss version 15 and Amos version 21 were used to analyze the data collected.
 
Findings: After validity and reliability processes, the 54- item questionnaire was designed. Content validity index appeared 0.88, as well as results of construct validity assessment by using Amos software analysis showed AGFI = 0.964, and RMSE = 0.072. Cronbach’s alpha results (α=0.94) and ICC (0.91) conformed the reliability of the instrument.
 
Discussion & conclusions: According to the results, the questionnaire was provided based on protection motivation theory, which has approved after validity and reliability evaluation, and it is recommended to be used in future related researches.

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Introduction: Bone formation is disturbed in type 1 diabetes followed by changes in the bone microstructure. The most important metabolic disorder in diabetes is osteoporosis, which is characterized by bone loss and bone structure degradation. This study aimed to determine the effect of low-power laser on bone defect repair in the experimental model of diabetes and osteoporosis.
 
Materials & Methods: A total of 30 four-month-old female Wistar rats weighing 190-220 g were selected and randomly divided into six groups, including 1: non-diabetic control (Co.), 2: non-diabetic laser (L.), 3: diabetic control (Co.D.), 4: diabetic laser (L.D.), 5: diabetic alendronate (A.D.), and 6: diabetic laser + alendronate (L.A.D.). Diabetes was induced in groups 3, 4, 5, and 6. All groups underwent ovariectomy and partial bone defect. In the laser group, a low-level laser (890nm, 80 Hz, 1/5J / cm ²) was radiated to 3 points at the defect location. Tibia bones were collected, and Real-time PCR was performed after a month. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. A p-value less than P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Ethics code: 13237-91-1-1393-10397
 
Findings: The t-test showed a significant decrease in tibia bone density in diabetic and osteoporotic rats, compared to the non-diabetic control group. Moreover, analysis of gene expression data (ANOVA, P<0.05) revealed a significant difference between the group of diabetic laser + alendronate and other groups in terms of Runx2 gene expression and Osteocalcin.
 
Discussions & Conclusions: According to the findings, laser therapy combined with alendronate can accelerate the repair of partial bone defect in the experimental model of diabetes and osteoporosis.