---

Abstract Introduction: Psychiatric home care programs are changing rapidly in response to the increasing numbers of acut psychiatric patients in community and the newly created competitive health care market. Some of this growth is a result of the proven efficacy of psychiatric patient in a cost-effective manner. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of home psychiatric nursing care in patients with schizophrenic disorders after being dischaged. Materials & Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental research design. The participants included 60 patients diagnosed with schizophrenic disorder case and control groups. The samples were selected by access sampling .The case group were provided a 3-month home care after being discharged and evaluted 6 months later. Findings: The results showed the following in the experimental group after home psychiatric nursing care: an improvement in the quality of life, stopping unnecessary hospitalization, facilitating more rapid discharges, prevention of symptomatic recurrences and better psychotherapeutic drug orders than the control group. Conclusion: Work with families to reduce relapses was always seen as an adjunct to maintain the medication and not as a substitute for it. Indeed, family therapy, when added to antipsychotic medication, has been shown to be more efficacious than medication alone in preventing relapses in schizophrenia.

---

Introduction: Currently, nursing authorities, researchers and scholars closely criticize nursing researches and documents based on its philosophy and methodology, hence the concept development is considered as one of the most important approaches for nursing knowledge development. Materials & Methods: The present study was a review that used Walker and Avant approach for the autonomy concept development. This approach is one of the methods of conceptualization and concept development that eventually resulted in the theory development. In this study, the autonomy concept was searched by using of the autonomy keyword, in valid data bases, PMDR and INLM. Then all of the related articles reviews and themes related to the autonomy keyword were determined. Findings: There are various definitions of autonomy in nursing literature and the concept has been in evolution until now and based on professional literature review, many concepts including themes of self governance, ability, capacity, competent, self-controlling, freedom, critical reflection and decision making have been extracted. Discussion & Conclusion: The concept of autonomy is an abstract and complex concept and its meaning has intervened with other concepts. Formal analyzing of the concept could result in appropriate usage, semantically.

---

Introduction: Physical and verbal violence against nursing are very critical problems that could influnce the quality of nuring cares. The extent and causes of violence against nurses are not fully determined in Iran, yet. So, the present study investigated all kinds of violences in the training hospitals of Ilam city in 2012. Materials & Methods: In the discriptive research, 147 subjects of nursing staff who had experinced physical or verbal violences during 2012 were randomly selected from the training hospitals of Ilam city using an author-made questionary. Findings: About 88.7% and 23.1% of the studied subjects had experinced the verbal and physical violence, respectively. Also, 89.8% and 23.8% of the nurses had experi-enced the verbal and physical violence, respectively from the patient followers. Based on the results, the most common violences against male and female nurses were verbal and physical, respectively. Mo-reover, a meaningful relationship was found between the violences and the age of nur-ses. Discussion & Conclosion: The occurance of physical and verbal violence against the nursing staff is high. The situation warns to the scurity autorities of hospitals to pay more attention to the nursing staff. Also, the using of media and the training of medical personnel may be helpful to alleviate vila-nces against nursing staff.

---

Introduction:Clinical education is the most fundamental part of the curriculum of nurs-ing students that combines theoretical kno-wledge and practical skills and prepares them to enter the field of patient care and provide clinical and treatment services. Different ways of clinical education have a direct impact on the clinical skills acqu-isition and student satisfaction. So, this study aimed to investigate the relation bet-ween preparation of preceptors and nursing student’s satisfaction of clinical education. Materials & Methods: This research was a cross-sectional research study. 44 clinical preceptors and 202 nursing students parti-cipated in the research during 1391. The preparedness questionnaire for preceptors had two parts, the demographic and clinical preparation, and students' satisfaction ques-tionnaire also had two sections including demographic information and 25 questions about their satisfaction. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statist-ics and sample analysis methods. Also, the chi-square test was used to link survey objectives and research questions. Findings: The average of age was 22.5 ye-ars for students and 40 years for preceptors. 75 percent of preceptors had bachelor deg-ree, and 25 percent had master degree. They had averagely 16.34 and 5.69 years services and preceptor experience, respectively. 53.5 percent of students reported a high satisfac-tion and only 10.4% reported a low satisfa-ction. There was statistically significant re-lation between clinical preparedness of preceptors and student satisfaction (P=0. 024). Relation between clinical prepar-edness and sex (P=0.05), marital status (P=0.01) and coaching experience (P=0. 038) were significant and in the female groups, the number of married people and coaching experience was more than 5 years. Relation of student satisfaction with the sex (P=0.004) and student’s employment (P=0. 001) were significantly higher in male and employed groups. Discussion & Conclusion: Given to the rel-ationships between preceptor preparedness and nursing student’s satisfactions in the represented clinical education period, this model is suggested as an applicable and suitable one for nursing colleges and health related educational centers. The accurate selection of people who interested in clin-ical trainings, providing training and edu-cational requirements and holding coordin-ation meetings among preceptors and fac-ulty members and presenting guidelines and clinical education plan can promote clinical training and student’s satisfaction.

---

Introduction: Servant leadership is one of factors that influence organizational citizenship behavior. On the other hand, spirituality at work develops organizational citizenship behavior which can improve the performance of nurses and the quality of caring services provided by them. This study aimed to determine the direct effect of servant leadership on organizational citizenship behavior as well as the indirect effect of servant leadership on organizational citizenship behavior through mediation effect of spirituality.

Materials & methods: This is a descriptive correlative study based on path analyzing among 152 nurses and 57 head nurses of training hospitals in Rasht. Samples were randomly selected by cluster sampling. Data were collected using servant leadership, organizational citizenship behavior and spirituality at work standard questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and structural equation modeling.

Findings: The results indicated that the status of servant leadership style for head nurses and the status of spirituality at work and organizational citizenship behavior for nurses are relatively desirable. The direct effects of servant leadership on organizational citizenship behavior (t₌1.35, β₌0.08), servant leadership on spirituality at work (t₌2.05, β₌0.18) and spirituality at work on organizational citizenship behavior (t₌10.02, β₌0.75) are all significant. The indirect effect of servant leadership on organizational citizenship behavior through the mediation effect of spirituality at work (t₌6.21, β₌0.6) is statistically significant.

Discussion & conclusions: According to the findings, by servant leadership, nursing managers can enhance the spirituality at work and organizational citizenship behavior among nursing staff improving the quality of care provided for patients.