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Showing 8 results for Morphine
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Volume 18, Issue 4 (1-2011)
Abstract
Introduction: Opiates regulate some body functions and behaviors. Chronic or acute abuses of morphine may have different body responses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the acute and choronic effects of morphine administration on food consumpsion in male rats. Materials & Methods: 30 male spraugue-dawley rats with 250-300 g weight were randomly assigned in 3: control, acute and chronic (already addicted) groups. 12 h after fasting, morphine was injected for the acute and chronic, while the control group received normal saline. Then, each animal was put in test cages with water and food. Then, libitum and food consumption were measured at 15min intervals, until one hour, and also the amount of food intake 4 h after the injection. Findings: We found that administration of morphine (10 mg/ kg/ i.p) to acute (non-addicted group), caused a delay in feeding and decreased food intake in the first 60 minutes, but food intake increased at 4 h compared to control group. Conversely, administration of morphine (10 mg/ kg/ i.p) to chronic (addicted) male rats didn't cause a delay in food intake and increased food intake during the first 60 minutes. Moreover, at 4 h after the injection, the amount of food intake increased. This difference was significant in comparison to acute (non-addicted) and control groups. Discussion & Conclusion: Our study showed that opiates can alter feeding behaviors and the pattern of feeding responses to morphine differs in addicted rats from non-dependent rats. Morphine addiction also increases body sensitivity to its nutritional response in male rats.
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Volume 19, Issue 2 (7-2011)
Abstract
S Haidari Kashl, Gh R Behroozi, Ml Mosavi, Mj Rasaee, J Salimian, A Akbari,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (2-2013)
Abstract
Introduction: With regard to the chara-cteristics of single-stranded oligonucle-otides, including their potential for implem-ental use in order to detect some key molec-ules, it was determined to gain experience in obtaining single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) having affinity for binding to morphine molecules.
Materials, methods & Findings: An oligo-nucleotide library was prepared, consisting of an 80-nucleotide sequence with fixed length flanked by constant 5′ and 3′ ends, a 19-nucleotide sequence from 3′-end, a 21-nucleotide sequence from 5′-end that serve as primer, and a 40-nucleotide random seq-uence in the middle. Four types of nucleic acid and the 40-nucleotide sequence are mathematically equaled with 1015 DNA chains known as oligonucleotide pool. Af-ter amplification by PCR, the aptamers we-re exposed to the matrix-bound morphine molecules. After rinsing with a buffer and eliminating the chains, not bound to mor-phine molecule, they were separated using washing buffer, having potential to separate DNA chains from the target molecule. This act was repeated 15 times. Lastly, those primers were used in which one fluorescein molecule was placed at its 5′-end and flow cytometry results proved the efficiency of the chain in detection of target molecule (morphine).
Discussion & Conclusion: Morphine mol-ecule was chosen due to its social and commercial importance for governments. For this reason, the separation of this nucl-eotide segment (oligonucleotide) was desi-gned by applying the experience of other researchers and some segments were event-ually obtained, which can be utilized inst-ead of monoclonal antibodies in detecting morphine in rapid kits after detection of sequences. Therefore, we enter to nanobi-ology and we will achieve applying olig-onucleotides in treatment, drug delivery into the target molecule, follow up the effect of the drug on cells, and finally help imaging.
H Shamlo Ahmad, M Heat, H Rashedi, Gh R Ovlad, A M Latifi, R Haidari Moghadam,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (7-2014)
Abstract
Introduction: Lateral flow assay method is a test for rapid detection of morphine that h-as many applications in identification of ad-dicts. However, detection level of the sys-tem has limited its application. This rese-arch examined how to improve the detec-tion level and sensitivity of this system.
Materials & Method: pH of conjugation, OD of conjugated material and concentr-ation of morphine-BSA in the test band w-ere effective on the detection level of this system. To determine optimum pH, a com-mercial kit (Gold in a box) was used. By applying various concentrations of morp-hine solution, and considering a constant concentration of morphine-BSA, the opt-imal OD was set. Then, the optimal conc-entration of morphine-BSA was obtained for a fixed amount of OD. Effect of block-ing the conjugated pad and addition of su-gar to the conjugated substance were also studied.
Findings: Optimum values of pH and OD was pH=8.4 and OD=1. Optimum conce-ntration of morphine-BSA in the test band was obtained to be 0.5 mg/ml. Cut-off value of optimized kit attained to 25 ng/ml. After comparing the results with a standard kit, sensitivity and specificity of the optimized kits were 100 % and 99% , respectively.
Discussion & Conclusion: Finding and opt-imizing the effective factors on the perf-ormance of diagnostic lateral flow method can be an effective strategy to increase the sensitivity and reduce the detection level of this system.
A Gomar, N Mirazi, M Gomar,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (9-2014)
Abstract
Aim: There are some reports in traditional medicine concerning the anti-inflammatory effect of Zingiber officinale. In the present study with the aim of decreasing analgesic dose of Morphine, analgesic effect of different doses of ginger hydroethanolic extract alone and associated with Morphine were evaluated by Tail-Flick in rats.
Material and Methods: Animals were divided randomly into six groups (n=6). 30min after treatment, Rats were placed into restrainer and then transferred into the Tail-Flick apparatus. Results were expressed as mean±SEM. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Statistical significance was considered at P<0.05.
Results: The Data have shown that the ginger extract relieved pain in tail-flick test (P˂0.001). Also this result was shown the extract combined with morphine (P˂0.05).
Conclusion: Our data show that hydroethanolic extract of ginger has an important antinociceptive effect that possibly through the intervention of the central and peripheral systems involved in pain pathways can lead to decrease pain in rats.
On the basis the results obtained in this study, it could be suggested that the ginger extract potentiates morphine increase antinociceptive effect and this means that the opioid system may be involved in the analgesic effect of this plant extract. Also due to the effects of morphine, Combination Extract and Morphine can decrease doses of Morphine, therefore can be able decrease side effect of this drug.
Pari Nazari, Parichereh Yaghmai, Alireza Rangin, Naser Abbasi,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (11-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: Smyrnium cordifolium is used in traditional medicine to treat anxiety, pain, insomnia and complications of drug addiction syndrome, which is one of the concerns of every community. The use of opioid drugs repeatedly causes physical dependence and tolerance. Dependence can be assessed by the symptoms of sudden withdrawal of the drug by administering a drug antagonist or both. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of hydroalcoholic extract of this plant on the disorders caused by the addiction withdrawal syndrome in comparison with clonidine.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 48 mice (25-30 gr) were used and divided into 6 groups of 8 and were addicted during seven days. Saline group: this group was nonmorphine-dependent and received normal saline with the equivalent dosage. Groups 2, 3 and 4 treated with S. cordifolium hydroalcoholic extract (SCE): these groups received morphine and SCE (100,200,300 mg/kg) as gavage. Group 5 (clonidine): This group of mice received morphine and clonidine (0.2 mg/kg). Group 6 (control): this group of mice received just morphine. In all the groups, signs of withdrawal syndrome were recorded on the seventh day 30 minute after naloxone injection. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test at a significant level of P <0.05.
Findings: The results of this study showed that the effect of extract on the number of jumping in the SCE100 compared to the clonidine group decreased significantly (P<0.05) and SCE200 decreased significantly (P<0.01). In the SCE300 group, there was a significant decrease in this regard (P<0.001) compared to the clonidine group. Also, the effect of SCE on the maen number of rearing was ineffective in the SCE100 group, and SCE200 decreased significantly (P<0.05). In the SCE300 group, there was a significant decrease in this respect (P<0.01) compared to the clonidine group. The effect of extract on the number of teeth chatering in the SCE100 group decreased significantly compared to the clonidine group (P<0.05) and SCE200 decreased significantly (P<0.01). In the SCE300 group, there was a significant decrease in this level (P<0.001) compared to the clonidine group.
Discussion & Conclusions: Regarding the results of this study, SCE was capable of reducing the signs of opiate withdrawal in morphine-dependent mice. It is likely to modify the symptoms of the syndrome by activating opioid, gabanergic and serotonergic pathways. However, further studies are needed to determine the exact mechanism of the effect of SCE.
Mahdieh Anoush, Dr Maryam Afroogh,
Volume 26, Issue 6 (12-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: According to the high prevalence of pathologic and physiologic dependence to morphine as a strong opioid analgesics and tolerance to analgesic effects, it seems inevitable to find solutions to reduce these consequences. Previous studies addressed different types of drugs, such as anti-seizure drugs and anti-psychotics. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ketorolac on tolerance and dependence to the analgesic properties of the chronic use of morphine in male mice.
Materials & Methods: In this study, adult male albino mice were divided into 9 groups. In order to investigate the analgesic tolerance, mice received morphine plus ketorolac either on 5 consecutive days or a single dose in the fifth day. The hot plate test was performed and latency times were recorded. For the evaluation of chemical pain, formalin subplantar injection was administered and the pain marks were recorded. Finally, dependence assessment was performed using naloxone hydrochloride injection on the fifth day, and the withdrawal symptoms were recorded.
Findings: There was a significant difference (P<0.05) among the single dose of morphine, normal saline (as the negative control group), and chronic morphine administration; with no significant difference between taking a single dose of morphine or ketorolac in the addicted mice. Regarding the dependence, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between the chronic use of morphine and chronic morphine plus ketorolac administration were reported.
Discussion & Conclusions: It can be concluded that ketorolac have an anti-analgesic effect on chemical pain. It reduces tolerance to morphine anti-analgesic effect and it is capable of reducing the withdrawal syndrome symptoms induced by naloxone.
Soudabe Dastjani-Farahani, Niloufar Darbandi, ,
Volume 28, Issue 3 (7-2020)
Abstract
Introduction: Evidence indicates that morphine impairs memory process. Ghrelin hormone has been linked to learning and memory processes and modulates reward properties of addictive drugs. In this study we examined the role of middle septal ghrelin receptors in the effects of morphine on memory consolidation in passive avoidance learning.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 91 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 13 (n=7) groups: saline (1ml/kg), morphine (0.5- 7.5 mg/kg), ghrelin (0- 1 nmol/μl) plus morphine (7.5 mg/kg) or saline (1ml/kg). In ghrelin treated groups animals received intra- medial Septum injection of ghrelin immediately after training and 5 min later saline or morphine was injected subcutaneously. Testing phase was done 24 h after training. Data were analyzed using ANOVA analysis followed by Tukey multiple comparison test. Ethics code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1397.215
Findings: Post-training administration of morphine reduced step-through latency and increased Total dark chamber compared with saline group (p< 0.001). Intra- medial Septum injection of ghrelin inhibited morphine-induced amnesia (p< 0.001). Administration of ghrelin alone had no significant effect on memory retrieval (P > 0.05).
Disscution & Conclusions: Ghrelin is able to prevent the deleterious effects of morphine on memory and learning in the inhibitory avoidance model and the medial septal region may be involved in this effect.
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