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Abstract Introduction: Maintaining a sound and healthy environment along with accomplishing a sustainable development have always been considered by higher policy markers in any country . Therefore based on such a goal , this investigation was theorized and fulfilled to recognize the best possible procedures on how to have a sounder urban environment . Materials & Methods : In this descriptive – analytic investigation , necessary data and statistical figures were collected and analyzed in accordance with the current indicators of environmental standards . The data questionnaire covered 10 indicators items as follows city – construction and housing , energy consumption style , public green space, transportation and traffic and load , keeping and collecting sheep , air pollution , drinking water , waste water disposal , solid waste disposal , public knowledge about the environment , and current activities to develop green areas. Findings : It was deduced that 81% of Ilam buildings had been constructed with irresistant mass .90% of all the construction projects did not respond to the standards . About 28.8% of all the studied families ere keeping sheep in their residence . The average annual density of particles floating in Ilam air has been reported as 97.27 micro gram in meter which is almost 1.6 times more than clean – air standards . Microbial contamination of water is a bit more than its standards limit while water wasting in the distribution network is about 40% - Approximately , 1.4 of the sewage is transferred 180-220 tons daily in Ilam 70% of which is made up of decaying materials . Conclusion : The findings show that most the investigated indicators prove far from the national and international standards . Thus , providing green belts considering the 12-15 sq- meter standards of green space for the country encouraging an economical culture of energy consumption , improving public transportation , educating citizens through mass media in the adverse consequences of sheep – keepings in urban parts , improving water deposits and healthy usage of them , accelerating the sewage network , keeping citizens informed of hazards caused by infected rubbish and establishing green government topics among schools were of significant point to influence the achievement of such great social goal .

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Abstract Introduction: In this study, Greulich-Pyle (GP) atlas that have been used for evaluation of bone age frequently, was used for assessment 0f bone age of Iranian children in Kurdestan(western Iran). Materials & methods: Plain radiographies of left hands and wrists of 248 healthy children (111 boys and 137 girls with mean age 10.15 years old) between 7 to 15 years of age, who were students of primary and guidance school in Sanandaj, were taken. The radiographs were analyzed by a radiologist uninformed of the children’s age using the standards of Greulich and Pyle. Differences between bone age and chronologic age were calculated and the mean differences were compared by paired T-test and correlation coefficient among subgroups of children on the basis of sex and age and their fathers' jobs. Findings: Mean skeletal ages proved a delay of %12.6,%12.4,%3 than the mean chronological ages in the 7,8,9 years age groups, respectively and advanced %2, %5.4 and 51.4 in the 10,11,12-15 years age groups. Skeletal age in 11 years age groups of boys was advanced, while delayed in other age groups. In 7-9 years age groups of girls, bone age showed a delay copared to that of the chronological age and the ones of over 10 years showed an advance. In our study, bone age showed a delay in children whose fathers were workers (p<0.05), but in children whose fathers free or formal jobs no significant statistical differences were seen. Conclusion: According to the findings, using the standards of Greulich and Pyle to determine the bone age in 7-15 years old children must be considered with necessary caution, particularly in boys of late childhood.

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Introduction: Meeker’s cognitive abilities diagnostic test is used to measure the broad spectrum of children and adolescent’s abilities as well as adults. This test is based on a recognized multi-factorial model of intelligence developed by Guilford. This test has 26 subscales which measure specific abilities. It was standardized in America. In this research, the test was standardized among the 2nd to 5th grade elementary school students of Ilam. Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was used for current situation, while the test was standardized on 2nd to 5th grade elementary school students. Our statistical population was all the 2nd to 5th grade elementary school students of Ilam. The method of sampling was single periodic clustral sampling. 320 students participated in this research, whom escalated to 317 students due to dropout of 3 students. The samples were equally selected between the boys and girls. 80 male and female students were selected from each grade equally. The instrument of gathering data was Meeker’s test translated in Persian by the researchers. SPSS software was used for analyzing the data. Findings: The results of Chronbach’s alfa ranged from 0.7 to 0.86. The results of concurrent validity showed a significant relationship between the teacher’s assessment of student and Meeker’s subscale grades (p<.001). Furthermore, the result of factor analysis confirmed the factorial structure of Meeker’s test. Factorial loadings were over 0.3. The results of bar charts of Meeker’s subscales suggested that Meeker’s subscales distribution were normal. The results of percentile ranks of subscales were computed. Discussion & Conclusion: It is possible to identify the strength and weakness of elementary school students by Meeker’s test, and also design a suitable program for increasing such qualities. This is a basic step in education and makes it necessary to provide and apply some instruments such as Meeker’s test.

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Investigation observation standards of security and dosimetry at x-ray imaging center hospitals Subsidiary Ilam University of medical sciences Jamal Amiri 1, Shahin Amiri2, Parvin Tork1,Mohmad hasan Abbasi 1, Seyed Pezhman Shirmardi *3 Introduction: Standards observation in imaging centers cause to patient dose reduction in patients and improving image quality. Identification standards and determine the gap own facilities with standard centers is a necessity for standardization. In this article, Standards level in imaging centers have been studied in Ilam province. Materials & Methods: Dose was measured in the controlled, monitored and uncontrolled region for each center. Czech list contains 210 items were prepared by using standard values in the world and Iran. Separately, Czech list were completed for each center. Level standard calculated at sections: building and construction, Preparation and usage of equipment, Protection of staff and patients, Patient rights and staff salaries for all hospitals and presented as percentage of standard. Level of patient information has been checked about radiation effects by using the questionnaire. Findings: Level of dose were standard in controlled monitored and uncontrolled region all of centers. Generally the level standards in Ilam imaging centers were obtained at sections: Building and construction 64.9 ℅, Preparation and usage of equipment 69.4℅, Protective staff and patients 80.03℅, Rights of patients 81.7℅ and staff rights almost 100%. Patient imaging centers were aware of effects of radiation on cell were 28%. Conclusion: In this study, the level of standard and distance to the full the level of standardization Were determined for all centers.The level of gap with completely standardization of imaging centers in the province is building and construction section35.1℅, preparing and application of equipment 30.6℅, Protection of staff and patients 19.97℅, Patient rights 18.3%. As well as patient imaging centers not informed about the effects of radiation on cells were 72%.

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Introduction: Thyroid cancer has always been considered as the most common endocrine malignancy. Women in Isfahan Province were ranked first in thyroid cancer in Iran in 2009. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the demographic data registered for women with thyroid cancer in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences during 2006-2010.
Materials & methods: This cross-sectional study was based on registered data. Data collection was performed using output of cancer registry software that contains information including type of cancer and patients' demographic characteristics in the form of an Excel file. Data were analyzed by using frequency distribution table, percentage and mean, as well as z-test to compare proportions.
 
Findings: The accuracy rates of registration of age, name, surname, father's name, province and country of residence of the patients were 82.28%, 99.31%, 98.66%, 98.47%, 95.74%, and 93.87%, respectively. In terms of accuracy of registration of name (P = 0.044), surname (P = 0.0046), age, father’s name, province, and country of residence (P <0.001), there were significant differences at the 5% level of error with the full coverage of registration accuracy index.
 
Discussion & conclusions: The accuracy of the recorded information for women with thyroid cancer was acceptable in comparison with similar studies and national average. Considering that burden of cancer over the next few years is predicted to increase, high standards in cancer registry program should be maintained by boosting hardware and software resources for patients and staff as well as continuing education.
 

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Introduction: Curriculum of Anatomy plays an important role in training experts in the Anatomical Science. Therefore, this study aimed to audit the Iranian curriculum for Anatomy PhD program according to European standards (ORPHEOUS).
 
Materials & Methods: This descriptive-comparative study initially investigated the content and structure of Iranian curriculum of Anatomy PhD program, and then compared it to ORPHEOUS standards. This European standard elaborates the curriculum in eight facets and identifies the level of alignment between Iranian and European curriculum with respect to each facet.
 
Findings: Our findings indicated that the Iranian curriculum for Anatomy PhD program was 100% in concord with the European standards in five facets including course programs, educational content, teaching methods, educational level, and role of graduates. However, two facets obtained 66% concordance to ORPHEOUS, namely educational structure and course-based teaching. Finally, the duration of Iranian program was only 50% similar to what ORHEOUS has recommended as the standard duration for PhD programs.
 
Discussion & Conclusions: This study revealed that three facets of the Iranian curriculum for Anatomy PhD program were not fully consistent with the European standards. These three facets were lack of provisional committee to monitor progress in students’ theses, lack of compatibility between the offered duration of study and the real time it takes to graduate, and lastly, lack of the program’s ability to attend in the international arena. Therefore, it is recommended to establish a provisional committee for monitoring progress in students’ theses and to revise the curriculum accordingly.

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Introduction: Implementation of standard precautions plays an important role in preventing nosocomial infections, as well as the safety of patients, and health care workers. This study aimed to determine the knowledge and compliance of health care workers with standard precautions in teaching hospitals in Ilam, Iran, during 2019.
 
Materials & Methods: This study was conducted based on a descriptive cross-sectional research method. The study setting included all teaching hospitals affiliated to Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. The study population consisted of 200 health care workers, including nurses, paramedics, midwives, as well as associates and experts of the operating room, laboratory, and anesthesia, who were selected through the census method. The data were collected using demographic and professional characteristics form, as well as knowledge and compliance with standard precautions questionnaire. Knowledge questionnaire covers 20 items, and the maximum possible score is 20 (range:0-20). A higher score indicates a higher level of knowledge about precautionary standards. Compliance with standard precaution questionnaire consists of 20 items giving a score range of 0-80. A higher score indicates a higher level of precautionary standards. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22).
 
Findings: Data from 180 participants were collected and analyzed in this study. The mean (SD) knowledge score and compliance with standard precautions were obtained at 15.58 (3.07) and 69.64 (9.89), respectively. There was a significant difference between the knowledge scores of the participants regarding gender and ward type (P<0.05). The most important predictors of compliance with standard precautions were knowledge of standard precautions, the history of sharp injury in the last six months, and work experience (P<0.05).
 
Discussions & Conclusions: The study findings showed that health care workers' knowledge and compliance with standard precautions was moderate to good. Regular related infection control training courses, provision of adequate equipment, and ongoing monitoring are recommended to improve health care workers' adherence to standard precautions.