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Introduction: Pain is a common phenomenon and an inevitable part of childbirth process. There is an increasing emphasis on intrapartum pain management. However, because of potential side-effects of drugs, it is important to use nonpharmacologic pain-relieving measures. Acupressure is one of the non-pharmaceutical methods. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of acupressure at the hugo point on labor pain and length of delivery time in nulliparous women. Materials & Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 60 eligible nulliparas women. The women were randomly assigned to either the case or control group. The participants received acupressure or touch on LI4 acupoint on two hands. Data were collected by means of questionnaires. Labor pain was measured four times using a structured questionnaire, a subjective labor pain scale [VAS]), before and after the intervention in 4, 6, 8 and 10 cm cervical dilation. Length of delivery time was calulated in two stages. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistical, paired t-test, chi square and independent t-tests. Findings: The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the severity of the first stage pain post-intervention in both the case and control groups. However, severity of labor pain increased with more progress of the labor in both the groups, but in the case group, this increase was significantly less in the control group, (p=0). Also, in this group, in4, 6 and 8 cervical dilation, there was a significant difference between the mean of the pain before and after the intervention (p=0).Comparing duration of first stage of labor between the case and control groups, it was found out that the two groups had significant difference (p=0). There was a significant difference in the duration of the active phase of labor and length of delivery time between the groups (p=0). Discussion & Conclusion: Hugo-point acupressure resulted in significant pain relief in the first stage of labor and shortening the length of delivery time. No obvious adverse effects were observed in maternal and neonatal outcome.

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Introduction: Pain is the most common problems in the post cesarean period. Today, despite technological development in health care setting the usual method of pain relief after surgery is inadequate. Materials & Methods: This study was a blind clinical trial which performed in Mustafa Hospital, Ilam, Iran. 80 pregnant women who referred to delivery ward for elective cesarean and they had inclusion criteria for study were selected with convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to two groups. The visual analog scale was used to determine the pain intensity. To relief pain in the intervention group, each of foot and hands were massaged for 5 minute. If pain is not controlled and based on the request of patient, we used the routine analgesic to relief pain. In the control group if the patient requested to relief the pain, only routine analgesic were used. Then the intensity of pain before and immediately 90 minutes after intervention was evaluated. Also, the analgesic consumption, initiation of breast feeding and patient's satisfaction were measured. Findings: The finding of the study showed that, there was no significant differences between two groups in pain intensity before massage (P>0.05). However, immediately and 90 minutes after intervention there were significant differences between two groups in pain intensity, need to analgesic, starting of breastfeeding and patient's satisfaction(P<0.001).This differences indicates reduced pain intensity in the intervention group. Discussion & Conclusion: According to the finding, hand and foot massage are associated with the reduction of pain inten-sity and it can be used as a complementary method to reduce pain and increase the patient's satisfaction.

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Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease that can cause chronic pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on muscle pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Material & Methods: This research was a Quasi-experimental design with experimental and control groups. The study population consisted of 245 patients with rheumatoid arthritis under treatment in the physiotherapy ward of Shaheed Beheshti hospital during 2019 in Hamadan. A sample of 30 subject were selected and randomly assigned in two groups of 15 (experimental and control). The pre-test was then performed on both groups. The intervention was performed on the experimental group in 8 sessions (one hour) and the control group did not receive any intervention. After the intervention, post-test was performed in two groups. The research tools included Von Korff et al (1992) chronic pain rate questionnaire. Analysis of covariance used to analyze the data.
Findings: The results of analysis of covariance show that there is a significant difference between the mean score of the subscale of pain intensity in the experimental and control groups (P <0.05, F = 5.84). The effect of acceptance and commitment treatment on the severity of muscle pain in patients was 0.18. The results of analysis of covariance also show that there is a significant difference between the mean score of the subscale of disability caused by pain in patients in the experimental and control groups (P <0.05, F = 6.52). The effect of acceptance and commitment treatment on disability due to muscle pain in patients was 0.20.
Discussion & Conclusion: The results indicate that acceptance and commitment therapy can be used for reduce the severity of pain and disability caused by pain in patients with muscle pain.