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Abstract Introduction: Giardia lamblia is the most frequently human intestinal protozoan in the worldwide. Diagnosis of G. lamblia by microscopic examination of stool is common. ELISA& IFA methods have researching and epidemiological use. For designing a powerful test with high detection rate like dipstick or rapid diagnosis kits first step is production of polyclonal antibody. For this reason we decided to produce polyclonal antibody against G. lamblia in rabbit. Material and methods: Giardia cysts were purified from human fecal samples by sucrose two stage modified gradient method. Their concentration was independently adjusted to 1× 106/ml PBS, were inoculated intramasculary-intradermaly in four stage with freunds complete adjuvant for first time and with freunds uncomplete adjuvant for second time and without freunds adjuvant for next time, in rabbit. After immunization of rabbit, IFA test was carried out to evaluate the polyclonal antibody production against Giardia. Results: The results of test showed the rabbit was immuned. Best results of IFA were achieved with 1×106/ml parasite and sera dilution of 1/100 and goat anti rabbit IgG conjugated with FITC dilution of 1/20 is under immunofloursent microscope. Conclusion: Giardias antigens have an important role for diagnosis in clinical and other samples. Production of anti Giardia polyclonal antibody with high titer is first and important step for designing IFA and direct ELISA kits for direct detection of Giardias antigens. Produced polyclonal antibody can use purification and conjugation with enzyme.

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Introduction: class B beta-lactamases such as IMP and VIM that read metallo-β-lactamase(MBL), due to the hydrolysis of penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems for the teatment of infectious diseases, major difficulties create. In study, the prevalence of MBL blaIMP and blaVIM genes in urinary isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated in ilam province.
Materials & methods: A total of 60 strains of P. aeruginosa Central Laboratory of ilam, were collected and were identified using biochemical methods Antibiotic susceptibility testing by the disk diffusion method(Kirby-Bauer) forantibiotics cefepiem, ceftriaxone, Aztreonam, gentamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, ceftazidime, piperacillin tazobactam and imipenem was performed. Then strain insensitive to ceftazidime, the method Ceftazidime - EDTA Combined disk synergy test(CDST-CAZ) Was used to detect MBL-producing strains. The PCR test strains using specific primers for blaIMP and blaVIM genes was investigated.
Findings: A total of 17 strains were resistant to ceftazidime. With method CDST all strains non-susceptible to ceftazidime, were MBL-producers. PCR and sequencing methods proved that 6 isolates were positive for blaVIM genes, whereas none were positive for blaIMP genes. All isolates that were positive for VIM gene were resistant to all antibiotics studied except piperacillin tazobactam.
 Discussion & conclusion :In this study, blaVIM dominant gene in P. aeruginosa urinary strains resistant to ceftazidime was administrative. Given the importance of MBL-producing strains in hospitals, rapid detection of these strains could be crucial step in the treatment and control of infections caused by these strains is considered.