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Introduction: In Iran, durating the last 20 years, the incidence of drug abuse has been three times more than the rate of population growth.To fight such a problem, the drug request has considerably decreased in recent years, such a procedure includs three main steps as follows: prevention, treatment and loss reduction. In the field of treatment, out patient clinics are providing necessary services to stop drug abuse by the addicts.The reason to take steps to give up drug-abuse is considered an essencial matter of action for stoping addiction it.This research was designed to determine the factors influencing the decision-making stimula in patients referring to out patient drug-stop clinics in northern Khorasan(north of Iran). Materials & Methods: The research was of a descriptive-analytic nature that investigated addict patients referring to the out-patient drug-stop clinics of northern khorasan province during the second half of 2007 .The samples were selected by an easy sampling method .The needed data were gathered using questionnaires on the addicts' first visit to the clinic before taking any initial treatment. Besides the demographic ,history&type of abuse ,style and frequency of addiction,some other factors such as socio-familial , economic, and individual ones were considered. Findings: Among all the 387 clients, 343 (88.5%) cases were male and 44 people (11.5%) were female with the mean age of 32.84+9.65 years, while the mean age on starting to abuse drug was 22.87+7.14 years. The most abused drugs included opium, opium nectar ,crystal and heroin respectively. On a decreasing order of frequency, 49.6% of the clients showed a positive family history of addiction.The first drug in 56% of the patients had been abused through a suggestion by a friend. In 42% of the cases, the main factor for deciding to stop addiction were their family. Discussion & Conclusion: The most significant factors encouraging the addicts to stop drug-abuse proved to be of economical ,social, empowering, and individual ones. The most important barrier factor for resistance to stop addiction seemed to be lack of self-efficiency.

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Introduction: Using aerated lagoons for the treatment of municipal wastewater in the areas with warm and cold climate is convenient if the enough and cheap land is existed. Because of the strict environmental regulations, water resources shortage and the necessity of effluent reuse, treatment of municipal wastewater by aerated lagoons is easily feasible. This study was investigated to evaluate the performance of aerated lagoons of Ilam city from September 2012 to May 2013. Materials & Methods: The sampling (eighteen samples) from inlet and outlet of the treatment plant was conducted during nine continuously months. The performance of the waste water treatment plant was carried out using indices such as BOD5, COD, TSS, TN, total coliform and fecal coliform in the influent and effluent. All the experiments were conducted according to the standard method for the examination of water and wastewater reference and the results were analyzed by Excel and SPSS (Pearson's correlation and T-test) softwares. Findings: The raw wastewater analysis was showed that it's pollution strength was in the range of intermediate wastewaters. The removal efficiency of the treatment plant for BOD5, COD, TSS, TN, total coliform and fecal coliform were 80.49%, 78.82%, 82.6%, 16.59%, 23.75% and 51.85%, respectively. Discussion & Conclusion: The results indicated that the treatment plant did not have convenient efficiency according to the environmental standards. Therefore, the appropriate measures are required to modify and upgrade of the treatment plant units capacity.

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Introduction: In the current age, great developments of management knowledge has necessitated the evaluation system so that lack of evaluation in various fields of organizations such as assessment of using resources and possibilities, the staff, goals and strategies is considered a sign of organizational defect. Man has continually tried to make the best of things economically such an intendancy can be considered an achievement of higher efficiency. Efficiency is a comprehensive concept promotion of which has always been considered to help life-style, well-fare, people's prosperity and austerity by political and economic authorities.
 Materials & methods: In this research, the data from 9 hospitals of Ilam (western Iran) were analyzed and categorized using Data Evaluation Analysis (DEA) based on CCR Model (input-output-based) as well as various feed-backs in quad-variables (constant, changing, ascending, descending) with two scenarios during 2009-11 applying DEA solver software. In scenario A, the three inputs of doctors, staff, and acting beds besides the three inputs of clinical, para-clinical, and out-door services were used, while in scenario B, the three inputs of doctors, staff, and acting beds were evaluated in relation to the three outputs of admission-day, days bed-occupation percentage, and out-door services.
Findings: The findings showed that the most general technical efficiency rate as well as the rate in the study duration stood for the years 2009, 2010, and 2011 using the output-based scenario B. In most of the investigation years, 40% of the investigated hospitals proved efficient comparatively and technically, while the remained 60% centers implied some degree of inefficiency in respect to techniques and ratios.
 Discussion & Conclusion: The results of our research demonstrate that the selected health centers have not functioned efficiently. It is also concluded that technical efficiency promotion capacity to almost 13% level and comparative efficiency capacity to 10% level were possible without any increase in the costs or the staff.

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Introduction: Indicators assessment due to the importance of efficiency analysis and economic exploitation of resources has always been an important issue. This research was applied to simultaneity evaluation of three key indicators using the Pabon lasso model.
 
Materials & methods: This analytical descriptive research was a cross sectional and retrospective study. Hospitals of Isfahan Province including 43 centers included affiliated and non-affiliated to university of medical Sciences were statistical society in this research. Data related to the activity of the centers during 2012-2015 were collected by referring to Vice Treatment of Isfahan University of medical sciences and main indicators including bed occupancy rate, mean length of stay and bed turnover rate were calculated. The obtained data were analyzed and compared using excels software and Pabon lasso chart.
 
Findings: Between research hospitals, there were 9 (20.9%) hospitals in zone III of the Pabon lasso chart (efficient zone) in 2012. There were 8 (18.6 %) hospitals in zone III in 2013. There were 10 (23.3%) hospitals in zone III in 2014.There were 16 (37.2 %) hospitals in zone III in 2015.
 
Discussion & conclusions: In years after the reform in health system, numbers of efficient centers increased and numbers of deficient centers decreased. Increasing was more in affiliated centers to university of medical Sciences and change in private centers was opposite. This increasing in university centers of the Isfahan were  from first year (2014) and in university hospitals out of centers of Isfahan were from second year (2015) after the reform in health system. Numbers of centers in zone IV did not change.