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Introduction: Crohn’s disease is a chronic and inflammatory abnormality. It causes inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. On the other hands celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by gluten sensitivity in genetically susceptible individuals. Zinc is an essential element that has important physiological roles in the body. The aim of this study was to compare the level of zinc in patients with celiac and crohn’s diseases. Materials & Methods: The level of zinc in patients with celiac and crohn’s diseases was estimated by atomic absorption spectrometry. In this study, data were analysed using MATLAB software version 6.5. Findings: The result of this study showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the level of zinc in celiac patients and crohn patients. Mean serum concentration of zinc in celiac and crohn’s patients was 71±6 μg/l of 70±6μg/l respectively. Discussion & Conclusion: Gastrointestinal diseases such as celiac and crohn’s diseases affect the zinc absorption in the small intestine. Thereby reducing the concentration of this element is not unexpected in people with both celiac and crohn’s diseases. Therefore, in order to accelerate the patient’s improvement and also to alleviate the symptoms in these patients, the administration of zinc supplements is recommended.

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Abstract Objective: One of the most impact of rodent`s study is the capability of disease transmitting to human. Rodents are the reservoirs for the assortment of zoonotic infections. Material and method: In this study 108 rats were collected, using wire traps, between autumn 2010 till summer 2011 from Dezfoul and Andimeshk Khuzestan province, Iran. Worms were identified following the precise dissection which has been performed in laboratory of Parasitology, school of public health, Tehran University of medical sciences, Iran. Result: Amongst 108 captured rats, 38 rats were found infected with parasitic worms . In the midst of 38 infected rats 6 mix infections were seen, According to the above results, the prevalence of parasitic infection in collected rats were 35.1%. Seven recognized species were Trichosomoides crassicauda (13.8%), Hymenolepis diminuta (10.1%), Cystycercus fasciolaris(7.4%),Richtolaria ratti(2.7%), Moniliformis moniliformis (2.7%) and Hymenolepis nana (1.8%) and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (1.8%) Discussion& Conclusion: According to this study`s outcome 5 species ,H.nana ,H.diminuta, M.moniliformis, Richtolaria ratti and C.fasciolaris , have been reported as parasitic zoonoses worms which possess the ability of human infecting due to literature review. M.moniliformis and H,diminuta that exist in the list above require an arthropod intermediate hosts in favour of infecting definitive hosts including human. Flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum) as a grains pests is a well-known exemplary which can illustrate the importance of food sanitation.

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Introduction: Chronic diarrhea is accomp-anied with abdominal symptoms and restr-icts the activity of patient. Precise evaluat-ion of the history of patient, physical exam-ination, laboratory and radiological evalu-ation, colonoscopy and biopsy may be help-ful to determine the underlying causes of chronic diarrhea. Materials & Methods: For the study, 100 patients (50 male and 50 female) with chro-nic diarrhea were studied. These patients had referred to Tabriz Sina hospital, Iran during 2006 to 2011. The patients were examined for the presence of fecal leuko-cytes, parasitic eggs and trophozoites. Stu-dding parameters such as colonoscopic fin-dings and final diagnoses based on intes-tinal mucous biopsy were study. Data were analyzed by using of SPSS software and the statistical tests, frequency and chi-square. Findings: Mean age of men was 36.44 year and men age of women was 38.56 year. Colonoscopic findings were as 61% infla-mmation, 10% erosion and 29% normal. Biopsy study findings were as 59% nonsp-ecific colitis, 15% ulcerative colitis and 26% amebic colitis. Discussion & Conclusion: Chronic diarrhea may be only one symptom of underlying di-gestive diseases. Therefore, after exclusion of infective and parasitological causes, inv-asive diagnostic method is indicated. The two method are together considered useful diagnostic tool for the management of the chronic disease and prevent the undesired economical and health problems for the patients.

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Background: The aim of this research was to examine the effect of mindfulness cognitive therapy on blood pressure sistolic and diastilic of male patients with blood pressure in Golestan Hospital of Ahvaz. Materials and Methods: This research was a semi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and control group. The study community was male patients with essential blood pressure who referred to Golestan Hospital of Ahvaz. The research sample was selected by in-reach sampling method. Thus, 32 out of 40 patients were selected based on semi-structured clinical interview and with regard to inclusion criteria. These samples were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. In this research, Blood Pressure Measuring Devices, were used. The experimental intervention performed on experimental group consisted of 8 sessions of mindfulness cognitive therapy, while the subjects in control group were on a waiting list. At last, a post-test was performed. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference, between the two groups in terms of blood pressure sistolic and diastolic. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be said that mindfulness cognitive therapy was effective in reducing essential blood pressure sistolic and diastolic in experimental group in comparison with control group.

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Introduction: Since esophageal varices ble-eding have highest mortality rate, the prog-nosis of the patients may be worsen if it is accompanied by other injuries. This study evaluated the esophageal varices synchro-nization with different lesions and their rel-ationship with the diameter of portal vein during endoscopy procedure. Materials & Methods: In this cross-secti-onal study, 123 patients who were admitted to gastrointestinal section of Imam Reza and Sina hospitals with esophageal varices underwent endoscopy procedure due to various reasons such as controlling the eso-phageal varices bleeding by ligation band during 2005-2009. The presence of simult-aneous gastric and duodenal lesions was evaluated by endoscopy. Portal vein diame-ter was measured by ultrasound and the re-sults were analyzed. Findings: Most of the patients (63.4%) had grade II varices followed by grade III (26%), grade I (7.3%) and grade IV (3.3%), respectively. The mean of portal vein dia-meter was 12.28±2.59 mm. No relationship was observed between the degree of esoph-ageal varices and portal vein diameter. Als-o, no correlation was seen between the end-oscopic findings appearance of esophagus, stomach or duodenum and portal vein size. Discussion & Conclusion: The results of this study showed that portal vein diameter is not a suitable criterion to evaluate the simultaneous presence of esophageal varic-es along with gastric and duodenal lesions. However, further studies are needed to confirm this finding.

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Introduction: Internet as a new consequence can be useful and effective and sometimes hazardous and dangerous due to improper use, and threatened the mental health of the users. This study examines the relationship of Internet addiction with symptoms of depression, mental health, and demographic characteristics among the students of Kermanshah University of medical sciences. Materials & Method: This Study was conducted on 200 students of Kermanshah University of medical sciences that were selected by random cluster sampling, And answered the Young's Internet Addiction Scale (1998) and Beck Depression Inventory(short item form-BDI), and Mental Health Questionnaire, and demographic information. Statistical methods used included Pearson correlation and t-test, and the data was analyzed by software SPSS (V-17). Findings: Internet addiction had positive relation with depression and negative with mental health (P<0/001). According to demographic characteristics of the students such as male and female, single and married, there was no significant difference in the Internet addiction While the rate of the internet addiction was more in non-native than native(P<0/05). Discussion & Conclusion: In order to proper use of the Internet, should be conducted an appropriate culture and education, also suitable methods should be alternative for incorrect ways to use the Internet.

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Introduction: Female-headed households have lots of financial and emotional problems, and experience stress and anxiety more than male-headed households. There is little information about general health status in Female-headed households in Iran. So the aim of this study was to determine general health status in Female-headed households under cover of Welfare Organization of Ilam Province. Materials & Methods: 750 Female-headed households under cover of Welfare Organization of Ilam province participated in this descriptive-analytical study. In this study, the tool for collecting data included social-financial information, and general health questionnaires (GHQ - 28). Data analysis was conducted by SPSS statistical software ver.16, using descriptive-analytic statistics tests such as average, standard deviation, and logistic regression analysis. The significance rate in this study was considered as P<0.05.
 Findings: From 750 Female-headed households contributing to the project, 708 people completed questionnaires (response rate 94%). The age average and SD (standard deviation) of participants was 53.3± 19.88. According to the results, 79.8% of participants had the low rate of general health. In logistic regression analysis, there were the most significant general health predictor variables in female-headed households, include the age of participants (p=0.004), increasing duration of coverage (p=0.001), diagnosed disease (p=0.001).
 Discussion & Conclusions: According to the results, the most important causes affecting general health in female-headed households were illiteracy, inappropriate financial status, and having chronic illnesses. Since women-headed households have a lower level of general health than other classes of society. Therefore, increasing general health of this group requires planning and more effort.

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Introduction: Nowadays, attention to opportunities andthreatsinthe field ofhealthcare and culminating in thehospitals facedwith uncertaintyandrisks wasessentialandmanage the risks involvedin thesecentersis very important. The aimof thisstudy is HSErisk assessmentmodelbasedsystemsinhospitalsmartyrBeheshtiUniversityof Medical Sciences, approaches thatcan becontrolled.

 Materials & methods: In thisstudy,weidentifythe principalrisksandsetstandards formeasuring andprovidingcomprehensive questionnaire. Theanalytical Network predictionbased onfuzzy logic(FANP)was used for priority of risk.

Findings:Theriskprioritynumber isused inhospitals,Biological factorsaffectinghumanRPNequal to32.85 was the highest risk and Physical factorsaffectinghumanisequal to11.68 was the least HSE risk of  hospital.Also the result showed that priority of the risk factors affecting the company's reputation was high.

Discussion & Conclusions: The results showed thatHospital managementshould beincontrol ofchemical and biologicalagentstoadopta specificmanagement plans. Also, according tothe results, it is clear thatit is necessary toconsider themanagementof workplaceergonomicsprogramhas beenandcontrol measureswithinthescopedefined.

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Introduction: Nerium oleander is widely cultivated around the word, and also it is found across our country. All parts of this plant are considered toxic and can poison humans and livestock. The present study was carried out to study cardiac and neurotoxicity effects of oral administration of N. oleander extract in Wistar rat.

Materials & methods: In this study, the toxic effects of this plant were determined by measuring serum levels of the biochemical parameters including troponin and creatinine kinase (CK). Moreover, histopathological examination was performed on the vital organs including heart and brain.

Findings: CK and troponin were 6-7 and 11 times higher in comparison with control group (P<0.05), respectively. In the heart, hyperemia, hemorrhage and myofibrolysis were observed without infiltration of inflammatory cells. Pathological lesions in the brain included hyperemia associated with perivascular and perineuronal edema. Interestingly, in rats with higher toxicity doses, multifocal hemorrhage and liqufactive necrosis were seen in the brain.

Discussion & conclusions: According to results of the present study, it seems that N. oleander poisoning can induce acute cardiac toxicity and neurotoxicity which are confirmed with the present biochemical and histopathological findings.

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Introduction: Ovarian cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among women. According to several reports micro RNA-499 is involved in the development of ovarian carcinoma. The presence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA sequences can also affect the risk of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between SNP mir-499 rs3746444 and the ovarian cancer in the Iranian female population.
 
Materials & Methods: In this case-control study, peripheral blood samples were taken from 35 patients with ovarian cancer referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital and Cancer Institute and 35 healthy individuals. Subsequently, the DNA was extracted, and the polymorphism was investigated using Arms- polymerase chain reaction method. The data was analyzed in SPSS software. Ethics code: IR.PNU.REC.1398.118
Findings: The results of investigating SNP rs3746444 mir-499 between the two groups of patients and control indicated that the genotype frequencies of AA, AG, and GG were % 2.9, % 51.4, and % 45.7 in the patients and %14.3, % 45.7, and % 40 in the controls, respectively.
 
Discussion & Conclusions: According to the results of the study, there was no significant difference between the healthy and patient samples regarding the frequencies of genotypes ([χ2 (1, 70) =0.23, P=0.63]); however, according to odds ratio, the risk of developing ovarian cancer is higher in the GG genotype (Odds Ratio=1.26, 95% CI: 0.49-3.26).
 

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Introduction: Primary stress can impair the nervous structure including the hippocampus and behavioral functions such as memory; therefore, paying attention to neutralizing the destructive effects of stress on the body has been one of the debatable topics among researchers. Considering the role of physical activity in reducing stress in previous studies, this study aimed to investigate the effect of four weeks of swimming training on learning and spatial memory in neonatal rats separated from their mother.
Material & Methods: In this study, 40 male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (separation from mother, separation from mother and swimming training, swimming training, and control). The method of separating the infants from the mothers was used to make stressful conditions. Rats from separation groups were separated from mothers 6 h per day starting from the day after birth for one month. For physical activity, swimming training was performed for four weeks (five sessions per week) incrementally to measure stress and blood glucose level in mice, and the Morris Water Maze test was used to assess the learning and spatial memory.
(Ethic code: IR.UT.SPORT.REC.1399.009)
Findings: The results of the analysis of variance test showed that the blood glucose in the group of rats that were separated from their mothers was significantly higher, compared to the control group (P=0.045), indicating that stress was successfully induced in these rats. Moreover, the results of the multivariate analysis of the variance test showed that although stress had no significant impact on spatial learning, the results of the exploration test showed a significant decrease in the percentage of entering the target quadrant (P=0.05) and the time spent in the target quadrant in the group separated from mother (P=0.029), compared to the control group. Therefore, spatial memory was degraded due to stress in the group of rats that were separated from their mother, compared to the other groups. However, swimming training in the group of rats that was separated from the mother could neutralize the destructive effects of stress on spatial memory and the percentage of entering the target quadrant (P=0.02) as well as the time spent in the target quadrant (P=0.05).
Discussion & Conclusion: The results showed that although stress did not have a negative impact on spatial learning, it had a destructive impact on memory. On the other hand, swimming training as a treatment method could largely neutralize the negative effects of stress and improve memory.