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Introduction: IgA nephropathy is the most common cause of primary glomerulonep-hritis throughout the most of developed countries. Since the biopsy is the only way for diagnosis of IgA nephropathy, finding an easy and non-invasive method seems to be necessary for prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of this disease. In this study, it was attempted to find some urine candidate biomarkers that represent the progression of disease in patients with IgA nephropathy. Materials & Methods: Urine samples from 13 patients were collected and their prote-ome were extracted and analyzed with na-no-LC-MS/MS. The protein profile was obtained and those differential proteins bet-ween patients with advanced and mild disease states (based on the renal function eGFR) were determined using orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and the acquired data underwent bioinformatics analysis. Findings: A panel composed of 50 signi-ficant proteins was obtained in which 10 top candidate biomarkers were introdu-ced. Dermcidin and Osteopontin had highe-st variation amongst the proteins, so that they overrepresented and underrepresented, res-pectively. Complement system and inna-te immune response were introduced as the significantly important different processes between two groups of patients. Discussion & Conclusion: The introduced panel of urinary biomarkers can open a new insight to the mechanism of disease progr-ession and may be helpful as a non-invasive diagnosis method.

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Introduction: Through increased inflammation and oxidative stress, obesity can result in metabolic disorders and other related diseases. Physical activity and consumption of dairy products can be effective in reducing damage. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of eight-week-aerobic exercise and milk consumption on levels of chemerin, resistin and C reactive protein in overweight children.

 Materials & methods: In one Quasi-experimental study 28 healthy obese prepubertal boys (8 to 12 years old) with overweight (95≤BMI≥85) were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups: Exercise, milk, Exercise-milk and Control. Exercise program included 8 weeks (3 sessions per week) with 45 to 60% of maximum heart rate. Milk consumer groups received 236 ml of low-fat cow milk every day. Blood samples were collected before and after the 8 weeks with 14 hours fasting conditions. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). P<0.05 considered statistically significant. 

   

Findings: Chemerin, resistin and CRP levels in exercise, exercise-milk and milk groups compared with the control group had a significant decrease. Furthermore combined intervention were associated with significantly greater decreases in this biomarkers compared to other groups (p<0.05).

Discussion & Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the use of non-pharmacological methods such as aerobic training and milk consumption can improve inflammatory markers in overweight children.

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Introduction: Breast-cancer is the most common cancer among women. FAS gene is crucial and important in the apoptotic pathway of cell death. Decreased expression of FAS gene and consequently de-regulation of proapoptotic signaling have been seen in various tumors such as breast-tumors. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter of FAS gene such as G>A substitution at nucleotide position -1378 that is located within the Sp1 transcription-factor binding site, may influence FAS expression. This study investigated the association between FAS-1378G>A polymorphism and susceptibility to breast-cancer in northwestern Iran.

Materials & methods: This study was conducted on 170 breast-cancer patients and 154 healthy controls. Different genotypes of FAS-1378G>A were determined using Tetra-ARMS-PCR and direct DNA-sequencing and compared.

Findings: In the control-group, the genotype distribution of FAS polymorphism, showed 62.17%, 35.25%, 1.28% for GG, AG, AA genotypes, respectively. In the cancer-group, the distribution was 59.41%, 38.23% and 2.35% for GG, AG, AA genotypes, respectively. Distribution differences in the FAS-1378G>A polymorphism between the cases and controls were not statistically significant (p>0.05).

Discussion & conclusions: The present investigation is the first study in regard to the association of FAS-1378G>A polymorphism with breast-cancer risk in northwestern population of Iran. The results of this study showed that there were no significant differences in the genotype/allele distribution between cases and controls. These findings suggest that FAS-1378G>A polymorphism may contribute to breast cancer susceptibility in northwestern Iran. According to the results of this study, rs2234767 polymorphism can be as a marker for lymph-node involvement and age at diagnosis in the studied population.   

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Introduction: Aging is accompanied by anatomical and physiological changes in most tissues and organs, especially the reduction of cells, tissues, and vascular levels. Endothelial progenitor cells are involved in maintaining endothelial health, preventing endothelial dysfunction, and increasing neovascularization process. Cardiac stem cells are effective in the regeneration and repair of heart tissue. Regular exercise training increases both of these cells. We aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of moderate and intense interval training on gene expression of endothelial progenitor cells and cardiac stem cells in aged rats.
 
Materials and Methods: Twenty-one Wistar female rats with the mean age of 24±1 months and the mean weight of 265±44 g were randomly divided into three groups of control (n=7), moderate exercise (n=7), and intense exercise (n=7) groups. Both exercise groups were trained for 8 weeks, 3 sessions a week, each session for 40 minutes with 28 meters per minute in the moderate intensity exercise group and 34 meters per minute in the high intensity group. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, the rats were anesthetized and their cardiac tissue was isolated. CD34 and KDR gene expression for endothelial progenitor cells and c-Kit expression for cardiac stem cells were measured.
 
 
 
Findings: The results showed that the level of c-Kit gene expression in both groups of moderate (P=0.0001) and intense (P=0.0001) training significantly increased compared to the control group. This increase was significantly higher in the intense training group (P=0.0001). Eight weeks of moderate interval training significantly increased the expression level of CD34 (P=0.0001) and KDR (P=0.0001) genes. Also, eight weeks of high intensity interval training resulted in a significant increase in the level of gene expression of CD34 (P=0.0001) and KDR (P=0.0001). This accumulative effect in the intense training group was significantly higher compared to the moderate group (CD34: P=0.0001 and KDR: P=0.0001).
 
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that regular interval training with two different intensity levels raises the level of gene expression of endothelial progenitor cells and cardiac stem cells. This increase is dependent on the intensity of training. High intensity interval training seems to stimulate the regeneration of heart tissue and development of coronary artery. These findings can be used to improve cell therapy and cardiac rehabilitation after injury and myocardial dysfunction, especially in the elderly.
 
 

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Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a common and painful joint disease with unknown etiology. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and Alfa tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) are considered as the main factors regulating inflammation and pathology of knee osteoarthritis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and aerobic training on inflammatory biomarkers (IL-10, TNF- α) in the heart tissue of osteoarthritis rats.
 
Materials & Methods: This experimental study included 42 male rats that were divided into two groups of osteoarthritis (n=35) and healthy control (n=7). Osteoarthritis was induced in rats by surgery. Subsequently, the rat models of osteoarthritis were randomly divided into five subgroups of seven per group, including control, saline, stem cell, aerobic training, and aerobic training+stem cell. The aerobic training program began with the speed of 15 m/min for 25 min five days a week for eight weeks. Moreover, the speed was increased to 22 m/min for 64 min in the eighth week. Inflammatory biomarkers, including TNF-α and IL-10 cytokines in the heart tissue of rats were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test. Ethics code:NO.19.33.2018
 
Findings: The TNF-α concentration was significantly higher in saline and unhealthy control groups, compared to other groups, and IL-10 concentration was significantly lower in saline and unhealthy control groups, compared to other groups (P<0.001). Moreover, aerobic training and stem cell, in combination or alone, caused a significant increase in IL-10 concentration and a significant decrease in TNF-α concentration (P<0.001).
 
Discussion & Conclusions: Osteoarthritis caused an increase in heart cell inflammation. Although stem cells have anti-inflammatory effects, they will be more effective when used in combination with aerobic training.
 

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Introduction: Diabetes is the most prevalent endocrine disease. Apoptosis and necroptosis play a major role in the development of diabetes-related heart diseases; however, the effects of continuous and interval exercise on apoptosis and necroptosis of the heart cells in diabetics are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different intensities of aerobic exercise on apoptosis and necroptosis of the cardiac tissue of diabetic mice.
 
Materials & Methods: In total, 32 mature, male, and white Wistar rats (mean age of 12±2 weeks and weight of 175±15 g) were randomly divided into four groups of eight animals per group. The groups included a healthy control (C), diabetic control (D), diabetic with moderate-intensity continuous training (55 min with 26 m/min speed daily) (D+MICT), and diabetic with high-intensity interval training at the 85-90% of maximum speed (D+HIIT) (5 days/week for 8 weeks). Before the training protocol, the running speed was calculated to obtain the maximum oxygen consumption. Western blot analysis was utilized to evaluate the changes in the expression of the proteins associated with apoptosis and necroptotic death path in the diabetic heart muscle myocardium. Furthermore, the one-way analysis of variance was used to determine the differences among the study groups. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Ethics code: IAU.SARI.REC.1397.8
 
Findings: The results indicated that type 2 Diabetes Mellitus significantly increased both apoptotic and necroptotic cell death (P=0.001). However, both continuous and interval training moderated the apoptotic cell death (P≤0.05). Nonetheless, the effect of interval training was higher than that of the continuous one. It is worth mentioning that only interval training had a significant effect on reducing the necroptosis (P≤0.05).
 
Discussions & Conclusions: It seems that continuous and interval exercise affects apoptotic death; however, intense interval exercise is more effective in necroptotic death.
 

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Introduction: This study proposed a method to investigate the damage caused by Auger emitter radionuclide radiation.
 
Materials & Methods: This study investigated the detailed rate of breaks induced by iodine radionuclide at different intervals from the DNA center using the Geant4-DNA toolkit and based on the atomic geometric model.
Findings: The mean number of breaks in DNA is shown as a function of distance from the center of the DNA axis to the position of Auger emission radionuclide decay.
 
Discussions & Conclusions: The highest damage occurs by electrons with energies below 1 keV, especially in the proximity of DNA.