---

Introduction: Pain is the most common problems in the post cesarean period. Today, despite technological development in health care setting the usual method of pain relief after surgery is inadequate. Materials & Methods: This study was a blind clinical trial which performed in Mustafa Hospital, Ilam, Iran. 80 pregnant women who referred to delivery ward for elective cesarean and they had inclusion criteria for study were selected with convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to two groups. The visual analog scale was used to determine the pain intensity. To relief pain in the intervention group, each of foot and hands were massaged for 5 minute. If pain is not controlled and based on the request of patient, we used the routine analgesic to relief pain. In the control group if the patient requested to relief the pain, only routine analgesic were used. Then the intensity of pain before and immediately 90 minutes after intervention was evaluated. Also, the analgesic consumption, initiation of breast feeding and patient's satisfaction were measured. Findings: The finding of the study showed that, there was no significant differences between two groups in pain intensity before massage (P>0.05). However, immediately and 90 minutes after intervention there were significant differences between two groups in pain intensity, need to analgesic, starting of breastfeeding and patient's satisfaction(P<0.001).This differences indicates reduced pain intensity in the intervention group. Discussion & Conclusion: According to the finding, hand and foot massage are associated with the reduction of pain inten-sity and it can be used as a complementary method to reduce pain and increase the patient's satisfaction.

---

Introduction: Health, safety and enviro-nment (HSE) is considered as an important matter in oil refining companies and also as one of the key priorities for the companies. Hence, this research employed the HSE culture ladder in order to assess the HSE culture in the Shahid Tondgooyan oil refi-ning company of Tehran. Materials & Methods: Current research was a descriptive-analytical, sectional and practical study. The population under study included all the administrative and oper-ative officials of Shahid Tondgooyan oil refining company of Tehran. With the ass-istance of the professors and statistical consultants, as well as the type of the study, a check list of the HSE culture ladder was completed and analyzed by the statistical consultants. The mentioned check list was gathered after intensive literature review. This culture model has been categorized into five levels with unique characteristics from pathological to creative ones. Findings: According to the results and self-analysis of the HSE culture by using of the culture ladder model, Shahid Tondgooyan oil refining company of Tehran was in the proactive level. By observing some of the noted factors, it could be reached into the proactive level, and then enter to the creative level. Discussion & Conclusion: With regarding to the obtained results, necessary measures must be taken to progress the level of HSE culture in the refinery area, as well as to progress the operations of the workers and the management’s attitude.

---

Introduction and Aim :The average age at menarche show regional variations, differs from country to country and various factor for example environmental condition and genetic factor influence for menarche age. this study performed to survey relationship between some anthropometric indices with Menarche age. Methods: This survey is cross sectional study. Study was conducted on 566 females student 8-15 years in 2013 . participants were selected by random cluster sampling from 4 areas and 16 elementry and middle and high schools in Ahvaz city . the students who qualified for the study were enrolled. The data collection was based on interviews and measurement of height, weight and calculation of body mass index.collected data was encoded and was analyzed by spss software version 19 and Descriptive statistics (to determine the mean, standard deviation) and analytic statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient) . Findings: The study subjects were 566 students aged 8-15. the mean age of menarche was 11.86±1.07 and Age at menarche correlated with height, weight and had an inverse association with body mass index . Conclusion: Based on these findings, There is correlation between anthropometric characters and age of menarche. Keywords: Height, Weight,Body Mass Index, Menarche

---

Introduction: Anthrax is a zoonotic disease. Bacterium Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of the fatal disease. At present, the protective antigen (PA) is used as an effective vaccine against anthrax. Domain 4 of this antigen together with domain 1 of lethal factor (LF) are the potent immunogens of this bacteria and are as suitable candidates of vaccine against it. Our aim in this study is the cloning of protective antigen domain 4 (PAD4) genes and fusion of it with lethal factor domain 1 (LFD1) gene of the bacteria to evaluate their capability in protective immunity induction.

Materials & methods: In this experimental study, we used a recombinant pGEM-T easy vector containing LFD1 gene. Then PAD4 gene was amplified and isolated by PCR and cloned into another pGEM-T easy vector, separately. After that, ligation of PAD4 gene and LFD1 gene was done in mentioned vector with determination of LFD1 orientation and by PstI/XbaI restriction sites. The recombinant construct, resulted from these genes was sub-cloned into pET28a expression vector using BamHI/ XhoI restriction enzymes and after determination of genes orientation, the expression host BL21 was transformed by this recombinant vector.

Findings: First cloning and fusion of PAD4 and LFD1 gene fragments were successfully carried out in pGEM-T easy vector and after the confirmation of mentioned process by both of enzymatic digestion and PCR methods, the result recombinant construct was sub-cloned into pET28a.

Discussion & Conclusions: Since PAD4 and LFD1 are immunogenic regions, expression of the recombinant construct resulted from these ligated genes can be proposed as proper candidate of anthrax vaccine for induction of protective immunity.

---

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus produces a wide variety of exotoxins that contribute to its ability to cause disease in hosts. Nearly all strains secrete a group of cytotoxins. The pyrogenic toxin superantigens (PTSAgs) are a group of exotoxins secreted by S. aureus strains. The family of PTSAgs presently includes TSST-1 and most of the staphylococcal enterotoxins. We aimed to study the profile of some virulence genes including: tsst-1, sec, hla and pvl in methicillin-resistant S. aureus by the PCR technique.

Materials & methods: A total Of 200 clinical isolates of S. aureus were isolated from patients and identified by conventional diagnostic tests. The MRSA isolates were detected by antibiotic susceptibility tests and mecA. Then, presence of some toxin genes in MRSA isolates was investigated by the Multiplex PCR technique.

Findings: The results showed that among the 200 isolates of S. aureus, 95 were confirmed as MRSA by screening with the oxacillin disc diffusion method. Also among the 95 MRSA isolates, all isolates were confirmed as methicillin-resistant by molecular methods. A total of 95 MRSA isolates, the frequency of the tsst-1, sec, hla and pvl genes were 60%, 3.15%, 93.68 and 4.21% respectively.  Additionally, 3 (3.15%) isolates were positive for tsst-1, hla and pvl genes.

Discussion & conclusion: S. aureus strains that produce toxins such as TSST-1, PVL, HLA, SEC are a serious threat to human health. The higher frequency of some toxin genes in this study may reflect the emergence of isolates containing these genes in Tehran hospitals.

---

Introduction: Parental interactions with children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) can cause problems in their relationship with these children and increase the severity of the disorder symptoms. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Positive Parenting Program Training (Triple-P) and Acceptance and Commitment based Parenting Training (ACT) on mothers' aggression and symptoms of ODD in children.
 
Materials & Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest, posttest, and follow up design with two experimental and one control groups. Statistical population of this study consisted of all mothers of elementary students in grades 1^st, 2^nd, and 3^rd with ODD in Shahrekord, Iran, during 2018. In total, 45 mothers were selected through a purposive sampling method and were divided into two groups of Triple-P and ACT, as well as one control group. The data were collected using Oppositional Defiant Disorder Rating Scale and Aggression Questionnair. Moreover, the data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) through one-way analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test. Ethics code: IR.HUMS.REC.1398.126
 
Findings: The results showed a significant difference between the two experimental groups and the control group in the post-test (F=27.40, P<0.05) and follow up (F=7.42, P<0.05) regarding the mothers' aggression and also in the post-test (F=47.64, P<0.05) and follow up (F=33.88, P<0.05) regarding disorder symptoms. Moreover, the results showed no significant difference between Triple-P and ACT in other stages, except for mothers' aggression in the post-test.
 
Discussion & Conclusions: According to the findings, Triple-P and ACT can be effective in reducing the mothers' problems and children with ODD.
 

---