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Introduction: Thalassemia is the most common autosomal recessive disease in the world. HBB gene mutations cause the disease. The high rate of consanguineous marriages in our country can be one of the factors that increases the incidence of this disease. The aim of this study was to determine the beta-globin gene mutations in the city of Ilam. Materials and Methods: hematologic parameters of patients referred to health centers of Ilam city during 87-91 years, were evaluated for the presence of thalassemia trait, then, the suspected couples were investigated for HBB gene mutations. Results: the following mutations IVSII-1, IVSI-5, IVSI-6, CD36/37, Fr8-9 and CD82/83 were found. IVSII-1 mutation was more common than other mutations among the studied subjects. Discussion: IVSII-1 mutation probably has occurred for the first time in Iranian population. Beta-thalassemia mutations vary among different ethnic groups of Iran. It is recommended that each ethnic and race to be studied separately.

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Abstract Introduction: Hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit affecting 1 in 1000 newborns. The aim of this study was to investigate GJB2 mutations among deaf people referring to genetic counseling center of Ilam Welfare and Rehabilitation Organization. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were taken from the referred deaf individuals. After DNA extraction, the common GJB2 mutation, 35delG, was checked and then the gene was sequenced. Results: 35delG mutation was found in none of samples. GJB2 mutations were determined in one of 25 samples (2 out of 100 chromosomes or 4 % of alleles). Discussion: These results show that the distribution of the 35delG mutation and other GJB2 mutations in Ilam is different from other parts of Iran and it may similar to the neighbor country. In the other hand, the results may be used in screening programs.

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Cognitive emotion regulation strategies in processing suicidal thoughts Abstract Background: Suicide as a major issue is considered in teens and young, because have been reported the second or fourth most common cause of death in this age group. This study examined coping-emotional in suicidal thoughts and attempts. Method: The research of multi-stage cluster sampling to select the sample was used. All students at would be Khurazmi population. The sample size was 250(n = 101 male students and 149 female students). Instruments included the short form of emotional and cognitive regulation questionnaire and suicidal ideas Questionnaire. The data is performed in order to analyze the results of stepwise, regression is used. Results: Results show the high correlation of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and the idea of suicide ideation. Also compatible strategies for coping with suicidal ideas were correlates and according to awareness of their emotion, this correlation varies. Conclusions: The findings of this study show that none of the emotional strategies singly anticipate suicidal ideation. But the individual understanding and control of emotions, can predict suicidal ideas. Thus, training programs, educational and emotional healing must pay attention to recognize cognitive emotion to the prevention of suicidal ideas.

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Introduction: One of the most important criteria for allocation of hospital sources in health care system is to analyzing the hospital expense. Efficiency of surgical operations has an important role in determining of hospital expense. This study aimed to finished expense calculation of cancelled elective surgical operations based on expense analysis method in Kerman Shafa Hospital in 2012.
 Materials & methods: This a descriptive - analytical study was performed by consensus method on 240 files during a period of one year in 2012 and it was investigated by using a self-designed checklist that its validity was confirmed by the health economics experts. The expense were calculated and analyzed based on three factors including payment of medical personnel, expenses of energy resources and the expense of delay in repayment of insurance companies Data were analyzed by SPSS18 and descriptive and inferential statistics (Fisher's exact test) were used at the significant level P≤0.05.
 Findings: Of 240 cancelled surgical operations, the highest rate of cancellation was related to clinical status of the patient (%18) in the Eye department and the total imposed expenses were 320 million IRR which The highest expense was related to the personnel’s’ and physicians’ payments with. 69084800 IRR.
 Discussion & Conclusion: The findings indicated that the main cause of cancellation of surgical operations in this hospital was clinical status of the patients who do not have the appropriate condition of surgery and the time period of their hospitalization cause high expenditure for the hospital. Thus, exact evaluation of the patients through consultant and the attending physician can avoid the cancellation of surgical operation and consequently waste of financial sources.

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Introduction: Beta-thalassemia is the most common genetic disease in the world. More than 3 million people are carriers of thalassemia in Iran. High frequency of consanguineous marriage could lead to high incidence of the disease in Iran. A large proportion of the health budget is devoted to the treatment of thalassemia. Thalassemia control and prevention program began in 1376. This study wants to evaluate the program in Ilam.

Materials & methods: In this retrospective study, data of thalassemia carrier couples were extracted from the documents used in the national program for prevention and control of thalassemia in beginning year to 1392 and analyzed using Excel and SPSS software.

Findings: A total of 55,031 couples were screened in premarital counseling centers of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. 264 couples were determined to be final suspect with frequency of 0.5%. Twenty three new affected were identified in the cities of Ilam University of Medical Sciences in the period 1376-1392.  After genetic counseling, 58 couples were discouraged from marriage.

Disscusion & Conclusion: Cancellation rate of the marriage has an increasing trend in the first year of the program to 1383. But, from 1383 and later the trend is decreased. Extent of genetic services in the country, including the possibility of prenatal diagnosis and therapeutic abortion could be a reason for the decreased rate of dissuading from the marriage. Genetic services have not been applied in Ilam yet.

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Introduction: Association of PAI-1 polymorphisms with the increased risk of various malignancies has been shown in numerous studies. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to evaluate the prevalence of PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism in patients with thyroid tumors from North West of Iran.

Materials & methods: Ninety patients with thyroid tumors and 180 healthy controls were selected from North West of Iran. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples and 4G/5G polymorphism of the PAI-1 gene was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction using specific primers.

Findings: Genotype distribution between patients was (4G/4G=13.33%, 4G/5G=63.33% and 5G/5G=23.33%) and controls (4G/4G=17.22%, 4G/5G=67.22% and 5G/5G=15.55%). Additionally, the frequencies of the 4G and 5G alleles between patients were (45% and 55%) and control group (50.83% and 49.16%).

Discussion & conclusions: Results indicate that the genotypic and allelic frequencies of PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism showed no significant difference between patients with thyroid tumors and control individuals in this cohort.

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Introduction: According to the high prevalence of pathologic and physiologic dependence to morphine as a strong opioid analgesics and tolerance to analgesic effects, it seems inevitable to find solutions to reduce these consequences. Previous studies addressed different types of drugs, such as anti-seizure drugs and anti-psychotics. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ketorolac on tolerance and dependence to the analgesic properties of the chronic use of morphine in male mice.
 
Materials & Methods: In this study, adult male albino mice were divided into 9 groups. In order to investigate the analgesic tolerance, mice received morphine plus ketorolac either on 5 consecutive days or a single dose in the fifth day. The hot plate test was performed and latency times were recorded. For the evaluation of chemical pain, formalin subplantar injection was administered and the pain marks were recorded. Finally, dependence assessment was performed using naloxone hydrochloride injection on the fifth day, and the withdrawal symptoms were recorded.
 
Findings: There was a significant difference (P<0.05) among the single dose of morphine, normal saline (as the negative control group), and chronic morphine administration; with no significant difference between taking a single dose of morphine or ketorolac in the addicted mice. Regarding the dependence, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between the chronic use of morphine and chronic morphine plus ketorolac administration were reported.
 
Discussion & Conclusions: It can be concluded that ketorolac have an anti-analgesic effect on chemical pain. It reduces tolerance to morphine anti-analgesic effect and it is capable of reducing the withdrawal syndrome symptoms induced by naloxone.

 

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Introduction: Behcet's disease is an autoimmune disease that can affect various parts of the body. This disease manifests itself with skin, oral and ocular lesions. Although it is an idiopathic disease, various factors, including environmental and genetic factors, contribute to the onset of it. In this study, the association between two polymorphisms, namely rs13075270 and rs13092160 of CCR1 and CCR3 genes and susceptibility to Behcet’s disease were investigated in Iranian population.
 
Materials & Methods: Totally, 100 patients with Behcet's disease and 100 healthy individuals were selected in this study. After DNA sampling and extraction, polymorphisms of CCR1 and CCR3 receptor genes were examined using PCR-RFLP method. The findings were analyzed in SPSS software (Version 22). P-value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
 
Findings: According to the results, the frequencies of CT genotype of rs13092160 polymorphism in the patient and control groups were 18% and 23%, respectively; moreover, the frequencies of TT genotype were 82% and 77%, respectively. Furthermore, the frequencies of CC genotype of rs13075270 polymorphism were 1% and 5%, the frequencies of CT genotype were 80% and 19%, and TT genotype were 19% and 76% in the patient and control groups, respectively.
 
Discussion & Conclusions: In rs13075270 polymorphism, CT genotype is associated with Behcet’s disease (P<0.005). Moreover, there is no significant difference between the patients with Behcet's disease and the control group regarding the rs13092160 polymorphism. 
 

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Introduction: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among Iranian women. ELF5 gene as a transcription factor member of the ETS family could play a key role in breast cancer neoplasms, especially basal-like and endocrine-resistant subtypes. The changes in the gene promoter methylation pattern are considered proper targets in the therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of this epigenetic phenomenon and ELF5 gene expression as well as their association with pathologic and clinical characteristics of Iranian patients suffering from this cancer.
 
Materials & Methods: In order to investigate the ELF5 promoter methylation, 134 breast tissues were analyzed using methylation-specific PCR method. Moreover, 164 tumoral and 10 normal breast tissues retrieved from breast reduction surgery were assessed using Real-Time RT-PCR to analyze the gene expression.
Ethics code: 52d/4922, 6.10.2016
 
Findings: The data revealed that about 70% of the breast cancer tumoral specimens showed ELF5 promoter methylated pattern. Furthermore, the down-regulation of ELF5 gene expression was significantly associated with higher cancer stages, being triple-negative, and invasion.
 
Discussions & Conclusions: The results revealed that an increase in the ELF5 promoter methylation frequency in patients, compared to the control tissues, and its association with poor prognosis indicators may propose the ELF5 promoter methylation as a possible candidate in further studies to confirm the poor prognostic role of this biomarker in breast cancer.

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Introduction: Drugs are mainly delivered to the target tissues by plasma proteins, such as human serum albumin, in the human body. Practical information about the thermodynamic parameters of drugs and their stability can be obtained using simulation methods, such as molecular docking.
Material & Methods: This study, investigated the molecular docking of human serum albumin with fluorouracil anticancer drug. Moreover, partial charges on serum albumin protein atoms and fluorouracil atoms were calculated in this study. The best configuration was also searched using the Lamarckian genetic algorithm. The dimensions of the grid maps were selected to be about 40 * 40 * 40 angstroms with a distance of 0.375 angstroms. The number of genetic algorithms and the number of studies were adjusted to about 100 and 2.5 million, respectively. In the end, the best performed interaction configurations with the least amount of free energy were selected. Ligplot and VMD graphic software were used to view the performed docking.
Findings: In the best model, fluorouracil is able to bind to the human serum albumin protein HSA four hydrogen bonds via nitrogen and oxygen atoms with two amino acids tyrosine, one amino acid histidine and one amino acid arginine. The estimation of the free bond energies (kcal/mol) for the best model was -5.1. Negative Gibbs free energy values (ΔG °) indicated a spontaneous process, and a constant binding value (Ka ≈ 109 L • mol-1) demonstrated the optimal biological distribution of the drug in the blood plasma.
Discussion & Conclusion: The docking study of the proposed models shows that fluorouracil has an aliphatic ring and hydrophobic fractions and therefore it has a high ability to form hydrophobic interactions with major amino acids at the active site of serum albumin protein.

 

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Introduction: Exercise and antioxidants consumption are known as protective effect against the risk of diabetes. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and thyme honey on the expression of Nkx2.5 and Tbx5 genes in the heart tissue of male type 2 diabetic rats.
Material & Methods: This experimental study was performed on 36 male diabetic rats which were randomly divided into four groups of control (n=8), HIIT (n=10), thyme honey (n=8), and HIIT+thyme honey (n=10). The HIIT training intervention was conducted in eight weeks (five sessions per week) and included 2 to 8 intervals with 2 min running at 80%-90% VO2max and 1 min at 50%-56% VO2max. Additionally, the supplement groups consumed 3 g/kg of thyme honey, 5 days/week. Both Nkx2.5 and Tbx5 gene expression in heart tissue were measured using real-time RT-PCR. To evaluate the differences among the groups, ANOVA and LSD post hoc tests were used at the significance level of P≤0.05.
(Ethic code: IR.SSRC.REC.1399.080)
Findings: The results revealed that the expression of the Nkx2.5 gene was significantly increased only in the HIIT group, compared to the control group (P=0.03); however, it was not observed in other intervention groups (P>0.05). The expression of the Tbx5 gene was significantly increased in both HIIT (P=0.02) and HIIT+thyme honey (P=0.02) groups, compared to the control group.
Discussion & Conclusion: The HIIT is associated with increased expression of the Nkx2.5 and Tbx5 genes in the heart tissue of diabetic rats; however, it can not be said exactly that thyme honey has similar effects in diabetic rats.
 

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