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Introduction: Pandemic influenza has always been a common problem of human societies. Preparedness for dealing with massive economic and social crisis that simultaneously causes a worldwide involve-ment requires a readiness and on-time response. This study was conducted to evaluate the level of preparedness of schools and universities against pandemic influenza in Ilam (western Iran). Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study was designed and developed by the researchers to determine the level of prep-aredness of schools and universities against pandemic influenza H1N1.In this study, plan documents for dealing with H1N1 flu were surveyed by using a modified version of CDC and WHO check lists. Findings: The mean preparedness score of schools was based on the CDC and WHO checklists respectively, 78/9 (±11/9) and 73/4 (±9/6), and for the universities 67/42 (±13/9) and 49/44 (±16/1). In general, we found that the schools preparedness was “high“but preparedness of the universities was”low”. There was a significant statistical difference among the preparedness levels of the elementary, guidance, and high schools, (p=0 /04). Discussion & Conclusion: Despite the good level of schools, the universities prepared-ness level was "low" and the major problem was accounted for education and planning to deal with pandemic flu.

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Introduction: QoL can be an important index for determining the social status and performance evaluation of presented services. The main goal of this article is to show the application of longitudinal latent regression model for evaluating the quality of life and assessing the effect of time and other covariates. Materials and Methods: This was a longitudinal study under 71 blind veterans. Under study population includes all blind war veterans that their data collected from SF36 questionnaire with assist of Foundation of martyrs and veterans affair during 2007, 2009 and 2011. SAS/9.1.1 software was used to analyze the data set. Findings: Mean age and blindness long range (±SD) devotees were 48.97 (±10.655) and 25.74 (±3.692), respectively, also they have 2 average additional ulcers with their blindness. Age and length of blindness except than additional disability (0.046) were not statistically significant and the QoL has not meaningful change during the study time. Also variance component of the model were statistically significant. Discussion and Conclusion: Result of this article shown that approximately half of devotees had low QoL. Whereas there was no significant time effect but the QoL of blind war in second and third year were lower than first year.

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Introduction: Epidemics and deaths caused by influenza viruses are an important concern worldwide. The use of neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir is an effective and valuable way to treat the diseases caused by these viruses. However, the mutation in several parts of the gene leads to the emergence of drug-resistant strains, and an ever-increasing rise in drug-resistant strains is a global problem. Histidine-to-tyrosine mutation at position 275 (H275Y) of neuraminidase protein is one of the most common oseltamivir resistance mutations. This study aimed to detect H275Y mutation in influenza A (H1N1) virus circulating in the Hamadan province of Iran using real-time polymerase chain reaction  (RT-PCR).
Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 110 swab samples isolated from patients with suspected influenza virus infection between 2015 and 2016. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from samples and the RT-PCR method was used to determine virus types and subtypes. The positive samples were evaluated for detection of H275Y mutation using RT-PCR.
(Ethic code: IR.UMSHA.REC.1400.917)
Findings: Out of 110 patients in this study, 50 (45%) were females and 60 (55%) were males. The mean±SD age of participants was 40.74±2.42 years. Influenza A (H1N1) virus was found in 22 (20%) out of 110 patients, including 9/50 (18%) females and 13/60 (21.7%) males. There was no significant relationship between the virus and gender (P=0.81). No drug resistance related to H275Y mutation was observed in 22 positive cases.
Discussion & Conclusion: The findings indicated that no drug resistance mutations have occurred, and oseltamivir is still an appropriate option to treat infections caused by the influenza virus in Hamadan province, Iran. However, due to the increasing number of resistant strains, an annual review of oseltamivir resistance is recommended and further studies are needed in this regard.