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Introduction: Nowadays, cancer is the second cause of mortality in the world and among its variants the most common cancer in women is the breast cancer. One of the methods for cancer treatment is radioth-erapy, in which to enhance the efficiency of radiation therapy some of radio sensitizer can be used for enhancing tumor cell radiosensitivity. Some nanopa-rticles can be considered as a sensitizer because they enhance the cytotoxicity due to oxidative stress and increase the free radicals, especially reactive oxygen species (ROS), within cells resulting in cell death. In this study, elevated synergistic effect of TiO2 nanoparticles as radiosensitizer was evaluated in presence of cobalt-60 gamma rays on human breast cancer cell line. Materials & Methods: After cell culture, the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7 cells) was exposed to 2 Gy of radiation and 30 µg/ml concentration of the aforementioned nanoparticles. Viability was calculated using (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) MTT assay. Findings: Viability of cells in presence of gamma radiation and the nanoparticles, sig-nificantly reduced compared to the viability of cells exposed only to radiation or nano-particle, alone. The effect may dependent on nanoparticle crystals type and conce-ntration. Discussion & Conclusion: Nano-TiO2 inc-reased sensitivity of breast cancer cells to gamma radiation, due to an increase in ROS production and cytotoxicity. Anatase crystals have more severe effects than rutile crystal because of having a larger surface area and creation of more free radicals. Therefore, this nanoparticle has the potent-ial to be used as a radiosensitizer.

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Introduction: Nowadays, cancer is the second cause of mortality in the world. Gastric cancer has a high mortality rate (about 70%) which is more common in men and has a higher incidence in eastern Asian countries. One of the methods for cancer treatment is radiotherapy, in which to enhance the efficiency of radiation therapy some of radio-sensitizer agents can be used to enhance tumor cell radiosensitivity. Some nanoparticles can be considered as a sensitizer because of enhancing the cytotoxicity to oxidative stress and increasing free radicals especially ROS within cells, resulting to cell death. In this study, synergistic effect of TiO2 nanoparticles as a radio-sensitizer agent was evaluated in the presence of cobalt-60 gamma rays on human gastric cancer cell line. Materials and Methods: After cell culture, MKN-45 cells were exposed to 2 Gy of radiation and 30 µg/ml concentration of nanoparticles. Viability was calculated using MTT assay. Findings: Exposing cultured cells to nanoparticles alone resulted to a mean decrease of 70% in cell survival. Viability of cells in presence of gamma radiation and nanoparticles was significantly reduced compared to the viability of cells exposed only to radiation or nanoparticle, alone. The effect was dependent both on the nanoparticle crystal type and concentration. Discussion & Conclusion: Nano-TiO2 increased the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to gamma radiation, due to an increase in the ROS production and cytotoxicity. Anatase crystals have more severe effects than rutile crystal because of having a larger surface area and creation of more free radicals. Therefore, this nanoparticle has the potential to be used as a radio-sensitizer.

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Background: Emotional facial expression from recognition disability may represent specific deficits at social function in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of the current study is to comparison of emotion facial expression from recognition in schizophrenia: paranoid, disorganized and control people. Method: Method of the current research is cause-comparative. The sample of this study included 60 patients with schizophrenia (30 persons of paranoid and 30 persons of disorganized) and 30 persons of control, who were selected from available sampling method. For data collection the emotion facial expression from recognition test have been used. For analyzing data multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and LSD as post hoc test have been used. Results: Results showed significant differences among three groups in happy, sad, surprise, angry and disgust emotions facial expression from recognition (P<0/05) and people with schizophrenia have deficits in upon emotions facial expression from recognition. Also, people with paranoid schizophrenia the better the performance of than people with disorganized schizophrenia in sad and surprise emotions facial expression from recognition were. Conclusion: Defect in emotion facial expression from recognition in schizophrenic patient is deeper than control persons, also these defects in disorganized patient were more prominent than paranoid patient. The results of this study have important implications in the field of treatment and follow-up in schizophrenia.

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Introduction: Healthy nutrition is an important preventive measure for Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to evaluate the association of Healthy Eating Index(HEI) with MetS.
 Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among 420 Isfahani female nurses, selected by a multistage cluster random sampling method. Usual dietary intakes were assessed using a validated 106-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). HEI was calculated according to the consumption of vegetables, fruits, nuts and grains, the ratio of white to red meat, dietary fiber and the ratio of unsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid. Anthropometric (weight, height, BMI, WHR), biochemical measurements (Fasting blood glucose, TG, LDL-c, HDL-c) and blood pressure were collected. MetS was defined according to ATP III.
Findings: After adjustment for potential confounders including age, energy intake and BMI, individuals in the highest tertile of HEI were 91% lower odds of the MetS, compared to those in the lowest tertile (OR:0/09 95%CI 0/01-0/60). Women in the highest tertile of HEI were 89% less risk of hypertriglyceridemia (OR:0/11 95%CI 0/09-0/89) and 87% less risk for hypertension (OR:0/13 95%CI 0/08-0/66). There was no significant association between HEI score and risk of enlarged waist circumference (Pvalue=0/64), abnormal glucose homeostasis (Pvalue=0/64) and low HDL-C levels (Pvalue=0/94).
 Discussion & Conclusion: The results indicated there might be a significant inverse association between HEI and MetS and some of its components. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

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Introduction: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is an enveloped DNA virus in the Herpesviridae family which causes various infections globally. Acyclovir (ACV) is a choice treatment, and the widespread usage of ACV has lead to the emergence of HSV strains resistant to ACV. Therefore, the discovery of novel anti-HSV drugs deserves great effort. Oliveria decumbens is a traditional medicinal plant used in Iran for many purposes, particularly for gastrointestinal disorders and analgesia. There is no report about antiviral effects of this plant; so, this report was the first study to evaluate antiviral effects of Oliveria decumbens. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro antiviral activity of Oliveria decumbens flowers methanolic extract against HSV-1.
 
Materials & Methods: In this laboratorial study, methanolic extract of the dried powder was obtained through maceration method. Then, the solvent was removed by rotary evaporator. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activity were evaluated by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay in Vero cell line and at different incubation times. Cell cultures were treated with the extract before, during, and after infection to study its antiviral activity. 
 
Findings: The cytotoxicity results revealed that cytotoxic concentration of the extract which reduced viable cells number by 50% (CC50) was above the range of 1500µg/ml. The findings also indicated that the plant extract had the most antiviral activity when it was mixed with the virus, and this mixture was used to infect the cells where it reached a high antiviral activity of 43.75percent.
 
Discussion & Conclusion: As demonsterated by our gains, the tested methanolic extract displayed a moderate antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus-1.
 

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Introduction: Esters of phthalates, particularly di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) generally utilized in plastic industry are environmental hazardous pollutants, has toxic effects on body systems, including reproductive system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Achillea millefolium on rats’ sperm exposed to DEHP.
 
Materials & Methods: In this study, 45 male rats were randomly divided into 9 groups. 1- Control, 2- sham, received corn oil, 3- received 75mg/kg/day hydro alcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium inflorescence, 4- Low-dose diethyl-hexyl–phthalate (DEHP1), 5- Low-dose diethyl-hexyl–phthalate+Achillea millefolium, (DEHP1+A) 6- Medium-dose diethyl-hexyl–phthalate (DEHP2), 7- Medium-dose diethyl-hexyl–phthalate + Achillea millefolium, (DEHP2+A) 8- High-dose diethyl-hexyl–phthalate (DEHP3), 9- High-dose diethyl-hexyl–phthalate + Achillea millefolium (DEHP3+A). All of groups except the control group were treated by gavage for 40 days. After euthanized, the epididymal sperms are collected to investigate the sperm parameters. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests.
 
Findings: di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate significantly (P<0.05) decreased the sperm parameters including, count, viability, motility and maturation of the nucleus and significantly increased the breakage of sperm nuclear DNA in comparison to control group. Achillea millefolium inflorescence hydro alcoholic extract had a positive effect on these parameters.
 
Discussion & Conclusions: More likely Achillea millefolium inflorescence hydro alcoholic extract has antioxidant effects thus reduces the injurious effects of di-ethylhexyl phthalate on sperm parameters.