Introduction: Importance of upper limb function is clear in creating individual autonomy and daily activities. In this context, the role of dexterity is debatable in meeting of this important requirement since after stroke major problems are occurred in hand function in particular dexterity. The present study, studied the effect of progressive resistance exercise on strength and dexterity of upper limb among adult hemiplegic patients.
 Materials & methods: This interventional research was performed on 17 adult hemiplegic patients after approving by TUMS ethical committee. After consent and introducing of test method, isometric strength of shoulder extensor and abductor muscles was evaluated by manual muscle assessment (MMT) and Pinch muscles strength by Pinch Gauge and Grip muscles strength by Jamar Dynamometer in kilograms and dexterity rate was evaluated by Minnesota manual dexterity test based on number in seconds and the results were recorded. Clients benefited from 6 intervention weeks. The resistance was offered to patients was set by weights which were attached to pulley. They were evaluated every two weeks and with the isometric muscle strength development more resistant is created in sinkers weight.
Findings: Results of this study showed that, after intervention period , progressive resistance exercises led to significant improvements in shoulder abductor and extensor muscles isometric strength, Pinch and Grip muscles strength and dexterity variables (P =0 / 000).
 Discussion & Conclusion: Present study showed that in rehabilitation of hemiplegia, to increase shoulder extensor and abductor muscles isometric strengths, Pinch and Grip muscles strength and finally improvement of hand function, especially dexterity can utilize in treatment of progressive resistance exercises.

Introduction: Servant leadership is one of factors that influence organizational citizenship behavior. On the other hand, spirituality at work develops organizational citizenship behavior which can improve the performance of nurses and the quality of caring services provided by them. This study aimed to determine the direct effect of servant leadership on organizational citizenship behavior as well as the indirect effect of servant leadership on organizational citizenship behavior through mediation effect of spirituality.

Materials & methods: This is a descriptive correlative study based on path analyzing among 152 nurses and 57 head nurses of training hospitals in Rasht. Samples were randomly selected by cluster sampling. Data were collected using servant leadership, organizational citizenship behavior and spirituality at work standard questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and structural equation modeling.

Findings: The results indicated that the status of servant leadership style for head nurses and the status of spirituality at work and organizational citizenship behavior for nurses are relatively desirable. The direct effects of servant leadership on organizational citizenship behavior (t₌1.35, β₌0.08), servant leadership on spirituality at work (t₌2.05, β₌0.18) and spirituality at work on organizational citizenship behavior (t₌10.02, β₌0.75) are all significant. The indirect effect of servant leadership on organizational citizenship behavior through the mediation effect of spirituality at work (t₌6.21, β₌0.6) is statistically significant.

Discussion & conclusions: According to the findings, by servant leadership, nursing managers can enhance the spirituality at work and organizational citizenship behavior among nursing staff improving the quality of care provided for patients.