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Introduction: Occupational accidents, because of the growing globalization, have caused substantial problems in countries. The effects of the occupational accidents can be resulted in temporary or permanent disabilities and even death. More than 80-90% of the occupational accidents are due to unsafe behavior. In recent decades, many of countries have considered more attentions to occupa-tional accidents as a result of their high costs. Petroleum industry is one of the most incoming industries in Iran that have caused many of the dangerous accidents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the type and intensity of occupational accidents in Kermanshah petroleum refinery. Materials & methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in all units of the Kermanshah petroleum refinery. The occupational accidents data within years of 1984-2009 were collected from workers health documents and registered using Tarrant check list on the basis of unsafe behavior and unsafe condition. The data obtained were then analyzed by SPSS-16 and descriptive statistics. Findings: According to the results, about 86 occupational accidents were occurred in the-refinery during last 25 years that needed to emergency measurements. The most injured organ was hands (38.4%) and the most unsafe behavior was related to facilities maintenance units (82.6%). The results were also showed that the accidents frequency as a result of unsafe behavior, unsafe condi-tion and both factors were 82.6%, 8.1% and 9.3%, respectively. The most frequency of unsafe behavior (81.4%) was observed for workers with 36-55 years old. Discussion & Conclusion: In this study, human behavior was the main factor of the occupational accidents. In order to reduce the occupational accidents, it is essential that educational courses and planning related to safety were estab-lishhed for workers. Moreover, using experiences of scientific researchers, pr-ecise supervision on accomplishment of the regulations and providing the safety culture are helpful to prevent the occupational accidents.

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Introduction: Pancreatic cancer is a fatal cancer with low survival. There is little publi-shed data on the mortality of pancreas cancer and its epidemiology in Iran. The aim of this study was to present the mor-tality trends from pancreatic cancer for Iranian population, from 1999 to 2004. Usi-ng national death statistic in order to pro-vide update information for its burden. Materials and Methods: National death Statistic reported by the Ministry of Health are included in this analysis. Pancreas can-cer were expressed as the annual mortality rates/100,000, overall, by sex and by age group(<15, 15-49 and ≥50 years of age) and age standardized rate(ASR). Findings: The age standardized mortality rate of pancreatic cancer decreased slightly during the years under the study. Its mor-tality was higher for male and the mortality increased as age increased. Discussion & Conclusion: This study pro-vides projection for burden of death due to pancreatic cancer for Iran, indicating that the trend of its mortality slightly decreased and may be leveled off in recent years.

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Unlike the reductionist views of classical biology, holistic approach in biology is shown with an explosion in the development of high-tech techniques to produce large amounts of data. Now the challenge for biologists is to discover ways to analyze this data in order to ability to support understanding the complex dynamic systems of life. In recent advanced technologies that are more public, DNA microarray are most famous. Microarray simultaneously examines expression levels of thousands of genes and provides a snapshot of the transcriptional activity of the cells in multiple conditions. Microarray have provided chance , especially in search of new territory, to describe the genes involved in biological processes such as cell cycle, growth and development of cell, assessment of chemical and genetic disorders and to identify genes associated with various diseases. Sheer volume of data produced by microarray studies need to develop advanced statistical analysis computer tools. In this study has been reviewed statistical methods based on graph theory. Construction the gene expression network (GCN), GCN integration with other data, GCN analysis and application GCN for cancer research fully described. Finally we can say that study of the genome through microarray includes more samples and is possible in wide range of the species and in future applications of meta-analysis methods to integrate large amounts of data such as network alignment may help to clarify the similarities and differences between a wide range of species, tissues and disease states.

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Telomere is physically terminal of linear chromosomes composed of a non-coding sequence. Mammalian telomeres consist of a variable number of repeated sequences (TTAAGGG) that is added by telomerase to the 3' end of chromosomes. Telomeres pro-tect chromosomes from degradation, chro-mosome attachment to chromosomes and prevent other forms of defective reco-mbination. Despite the contradictory role of telomerase dysfunction in specific genetic diseases, association between telomere dys-function with aging is now open for disc-ussion. The most common way for cancer cells to achieve their specific development into tumor formation is probably through terlomerase activation. Clarify the comple-xities of controlling telomerase may prov-ide a route to target telomerase activity as a routine method of treatment for many pati-ents with cancer and be considered as a target for therapeutics. In this paper, we have a brief look at the structure and fun-ction of telomere and telomerase and then the link between telomerase activity in agi-ng and cancer, and the relationship between different aspects have been investigated in detail. In addition the other roles of telo-merase in the body are discussed. Finally, the use of telomerase as a drug target in cancer therapy has been considered.

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Introduction: In spite of the fact that many factors affect the performance of orga-nizations, it is quite doubtless that leade-rship is one of the most important factors for organizations succession. Hospitals as complicated organizations require an effici-ent leadership, at gross or small levels, and. This study aimed to assess leadership style in the educational hospitals of Iran, Tehran and Shahid Beheshti Universities of medi-cal sciences and explore its relationship with personality type based on the five-fac-tor personality model. Materials & Methods: The present study was a correlation one. Statistical society of the research included managers working in the educational hospitals of Iran, Tehran and Shahid Beheshti Universities of medic-al sciences. The data was collected by an appropriate questionnaire. Managers Lead-ership Style was measured by Rensis-Likert questionnaire. Also, managers’ personality type was assayed by five big factors of Mckry Dody Kastav. For validating the q-uestionnaires, a content and technical validating method was applied. The reliabi-lity of the questionnaires was estimated by test-pretest method. Findings: The findings of study showed that conscientiousness personality type was the most frequent types (36.4%) in comp-arison with other personality type. There was a significant relationship between pe-rsonality type and leadership style (P=0.06). Discussion & Conclusion: Given the relati-onship between personality type and lea-dership style, it may predict the managers’ leadership style by using of their perso-nality type.

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 Introduction: The burnout is a state of physical, emotional and mental fatigue that arise due to emotional unceasing and repeated pressure resulting from intensive and long term contact with clients. Burn out happen as a result of severe stress, constant and controlled and also when the demand of working environment is more than the personal abilities for adjustment or success. The aim of this article was to study effectiveness of burnout in emotional exhaustion, personal performance, depersonalization, and job involvement dimensions components of hardiness. Hardiness as a simultaneous personality construct has composed of three components (control, commitment and challenge). Kobasa et al believed that people who work harder than others they are active and targeted and their approach to life is with interest and excitement. The aim of this research is the effectiveness of hardiness components training on burnout.
 Materials & methods: 117 personnel participated in this quasi-experimentalis study. The population was consists of all Olympic national committee personnel of the Islamic Republic of Iran who employed in 2013-2014. 117 employees were selected by simple random sampling (including 15 males and 10 females). According to purpose of this study, Kobasa's hardiness and Meslesh's burnout questionnaire were used. SPSS 18 software was used and Data were analyzed by using dependent T-method and multivariate covariance analysis.
Findings: T-test analysis in level 5% showed that mean burnout of four factors including: emotional exhaustion, personal performance, depersonalization, and job involvement has changed before and after hardiness component training. Furthermore, The covariance analysis showed that regarding to mean of burnout components in final test with 99% confidence interval, we can say that hardiness have an influence on personnel burnout.
 Discussion & Conclusion: Results illustrated that the importance of hardiness training on reducing of stress and burnout in working environment.

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Introduction: Considering that local foods in lights of their food value, raw material availability, freshness, free from chemical retentive materials and cheapness are considered as the best foods in different parts of the country. Foods are selected based on a set of motivations, thus, the aim of this study was to Investigating Local Foods Consumption and Motivations affecting local food consumption in Ilam.
 Material & methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study 185 subject were chosen using cluster sampling. And by questionnaires were evaluated that questions about consumption whit reliability of 0.72, were made by the researcher and questions related to the motivation whit reliability 0.91, adjusted the questionnaire was Stpetoe et al, and its validity was confirmed by experts. Data were analyzed using correlation coefficient and logistic regression models with spss software.
 Findings: In this study, 2% of the sample stated that no local food consumption during the month and 57% stated that 2 to 3 times a month consume local food, in general amount consumption is extremely low. The results indicate that Motivations Healthk (p=0.001, r=0.238), Natural content(p=0.000, r=0.291), mood(p=0.001, r=0.023), convenience(p=0.001, r=0.239), Sensory appeal(p=0.012, r=0.186), price(0.000, r=0.353), familiarity(p=0.050, r=0.145) and Prestige(p=0.000,r=0.327) with consumption of local food has a significant positive relationship. Based on the results of the one variable regression analysis, these motivations have a significant effect on the consumption of local food. Discussion & Conclusion: According to low Consumption of local foods, since people have motivation certain in local foods consumption, raising public awareness through the media advertising about the benefits of eating local food is necessity undeniable.

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Introduction: Exposure to noise and heat individually causes some changes in the function of cardiovascular system in workplaces. This study was performed to find the effect of combined effect to heat and noise over systolic and diastolic types of blood pressure in experimentally controlled conditions.

Matherials & methods: This longitudinal study was done on 12 males in climatic chamber in 2014. Blood pressure including Systolic and diastolic ones were measured in the following condition 15 minutes after rest in exposure to heat (40℃, RH: 30%) exposure to noise with 75, 85 and 95 dB rates in thermal comfort condition (22/1 ± 0.9 WBGT) and combined exposure to heat (40℃, RH: 30%) and noise with 75, 85 and 95 dB. Friedman test was used to analyze the data.

Findings: The mean systolic and diastolic rate of blood pressure showed significant difference  before and after exposure to heat and noise with the mentioned  levels (P>0.001).

Discussion & Conclusions: At first, systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased at exposure to heat, but prolonged exposure decreased the values. Exposure to different levels of noise (75, 85 and 95 dB) especially beyond occupationally standardized levels (95dB) causes elevation of both types of blood pressure to heat and noise. However, subtle changes of blood pressure happened in combined effect to heat and noise actually, middle condition of exposure including every one of heat and noise individually.

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Introduction: Due to the presence of causes of fire in the operating room,  that these kinds of accidents likely take place in these places. Therefore, it is necessary for the operating room staff, including the anesthesia team and the operating room, to have sufficient information in order to prevent the accident and function properly during the accident. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and performance of anesthesia and operating room staff regarding fire sources and ways to prevent and control them.
Material & Methods: A total of 60 anesthesiologists and operating room staff of hospitals affiliated with Ilam University of Medical Sciences participated in this descriptive study by census method. Data collection tools were demographic characteristics form and researcher-made questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16).
(Ethic code: IR.MEDILAM.REC.1399.305)
Findings: The results showed that the mean score of staff knowledge was 48.67±10.14, and the knowledge of the majority of the staff was almost at the average level (83.3%). Moreover, the mean performance score of the staff was 12.85± 3.89, and the performance of the majority of the staff was almost at the average level (n=34, 56.7%). The level of performance of the majority of anesthesia personnel regarding the prevention of fire and safety (58.6%) and training to get acquainted with the formation of fire and its control (68.9%) has been relatively high. However, their performance in terms of familiarity with fire extinguishers in the operating room (72.4%), as well as the location and use of the fire alarm system in the operating room was at the average level (44.8%).
Discussion & Conclusion: Based on the research findings, the level of knowledge and performance of the staff about the sources and conditions of fire formation in the operating room was not desirable. Therefore, holding training sessions and courses to improve the performance of these staff during a fire is recommended.
 

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Introduction:  The possible accidents for mountaineers and the importance of safety highlight the necessity of first aid training in the mountains. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the impact of face-to-face, virtual, and integrated first aid training on the knowledge, attitude, and skills of mountaineers.
Material & Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was conducted on 93 mountaineers using the available sampling method and random allocation using permutation blocks of six in three groups of virtual, face-to-face, and integrated training. The intervention was carried out for four weeks. Face-to-face and integrated training groups attended in-person classes, while the virtual training group received the content through WhatsApp messenger during the same period. Participants completed the demographic characteristic form, as well as knowledge, attitude, and skill questionnaires before the intervention and three weeks after its completion, and the data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using descriptive and inferential statistical tests (P<0.05).
Results: The mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and skills in the three groups before and after the intervention had a significant difference and increased after the intervention (P<0.001). In the inter-group comparison, the face-to-face training group obtained higher scores in attitude (69.58±4.19) and skill (44.06±12.99) compared to the virtual and integrated education (P<0.000214).
Discussion & Conclusion: There was a significant difference between the attitude, knowledge, and skill scores of mountaineers in all three groups of face-to-face, virtual, and integrated training before and after the intervention, and the mean scores increased. Nonetheless, the mean score of face-to-face training was higher than that of virtual and integrated training methods. It is suggested that face-to-face training be used to teach first aid to mountaineers.