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Bacgrond and Aim: Oral health is an important component of lifestyle. And recovery requires proper training methods to improve knowledge, attitudes and practices in relation to its population. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of lecture and video screening in improving the knowledge, attitude and practice of dental hygiene students. Methods:The survey is a quasi-experimental intervention survey done in Chabahar in 2011-2012. By sampling a regular allocation process is divided into three equal groups (each group n = 100:control, lecture and film) were divided..Knowledge, attitude and Practice student were measures by self report questionnaires and pre-test and post-test . And relevant data was analysed by using of software SPSS VERZHON 11, statistical tests ANOVA, Mann-Whitney. Results :The Lecture And Film Group knowledge And attitude immediatelly and 3 months after the intervention, the practice immediately after the intervention increased But A more effective approach to video on improving the knowledge, attitude and practice of oral health revealed (P <0/001). Conclusion:This study showed that both the training lectures and video display can be an effective way to promote Oral health Education Knowledge , attitudes and practice of the people Although video method is more effective.

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Mine working environment has been considered one of the most high risk environments. 85 per cent of the work accidents are attributable to unsafe working conditions. 85 to 95 per cent of these accidents are attributed to attitudes, culture and behaviour. The safety climate is a multi-faceted construct which shows the individuals’ attitudes towards and priority they set upon the safety in working environment. Measuring safety climate provides a glimpse of safety condition in an organization in a given time. The present research is an attempt to study safety climate and its structural aspects in Gol gohar mine complex in Sirjan, Iran. The cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical research has been carried out during the winter of 2012on 534 workers in the Sirjan Gol Gol gohar mining and industrial company as subjects. The safety climate questionnaire has been used to measure the safety climate. The findings indicate that production pressure with the score of 5.38 was the least effective factor, and training with the score of 7.70 was the most effective factor. The total score of safety climate has been calculated in a 1 to10 scale for the 6.35 score location. The safety climate of the mine has been shown to be moderate.

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Introduction: Osteoporosis-related fractures are one of the most common causes of disabilities in the world as well as in Iran that their incidence is more common among women and old persons. Considering the importance of preventing osteoporosis, especially in women, this study was performed to determine the effect of brief osteoporosis education on knowledge of the first, second and third grades middle school girl students. Methods & Materials: This experimental study (case-control design) was carried out in 2012. The convenience sample included 214 students (the first, second and third grades) were randomly divided to case (111) and control (103) groups. The data collection tools were standard questionnaires that 2 times (before and 2 weeks after education) were completed by the students under study. After pre-test, 1 educational session in the case group were performed. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software and statistical tests (independent t-test, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney and etc). Participation of students was voluntary and with informed consent. Findings: Results of the study showed that there were no significant differences between the scores of knowledge in two groups before the intervention however, after the intervention there was a significant difference in the levels of knowledge between the case and control groups (p<0.001). The same situation was observed in comparing students of grade 1, 2, and 3 between the two groups, separately. Discussion & Conclusion: According to the results, it could be concluded that the brief program was effective on increasing knowledge of the students who had limited information. Thus, short effective interventions but with low costs could be very helpful in improving the awareness of students on osteoporosis and other similar problems.

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Introduction: Commonly, the origin of drug use in adults comes from youth. This is one of the most important social problems that not only endanger the public health but it also lead to moral and ethical decay of individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of psychoactive substances use and its risk factors in Shiraz University and Shiraz University of Med-ical Sciences. Materials & Methods: In the descriptive- analytical study, 640 students from the schools of Shiraz University and Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were selected based on a random cluster sampling method. Data were collected by self-completion anonymous questionnaires. After data collection, analysis was performed using SPSS software. Findings: The rate of psychoactive subst-ances use among the students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and Shiraz University were 10.8% and 9.2%, resp-ectively, that their difference was not significant (p = 0.498). The rate of psy-choactive substances use among men was more than of women (25% vs. 19%) and the history of use was more in married students than the single ones (19.5% vs. 8.7%). The students of Shiraz University versus Shiraz University of Medical Sciences used more alcohol (17.7% vs. 9.4%), drugs (9.8% vs. 3.3%) and smoking (21.5% vs. 17.5%) and these differences were statistically significant. Discussion & Conclusion: This study indicated the necessity of planning and preventive interventional strategies to reduce drug use among students and thereupon promoting their health.

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Introduction: Depression is one of the most common mental diseases that it is not limited to a special time, place and the person and encompasses all the groups and levels of community. The most harmful effect of long time stress is reported to be the impairment in learning and thinking capabilities. The social supports reduce the vulnerability of people against stress, depression and other physical and mental diseases. The goal of current study was to determine effective factors on depression, perceived stress and perceived social support and their relationship among students living in dormitories of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science Materials & Methods: In the cross-sectional study, participants included 390 students who lived in the dormitories of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science. They were selected through simple random sampling method in 2 dormitories (sisters and brothers' dormitories). The questionnaires of depression (Beck), multidimensional scale of perceived social support, and perceived stress scale were completed by the students. Data were analyzed by SPPSS V.16 software. The descriptive statistics, one way ANOVA, correlation coefficient, independent sample t-test, Chi square and Fisher exact test were used for analyzing data with the confidence level 0.05. Findings: Job and academic status were the sources of stress in 30.5 percent of students. The mean of perceived stress score, perceived social support score and depression score were 26.84±8.27, 28.32±9.56 and 12.1±9.02, respectively. Also, 49.7 percent of students had different degrees of depression. There was a significant relationship between perceived stress, perceived social support and depression (P<0.001). Discussion & Conclusion: Since a half of the students were afflicted with depression, paying attention to this problem is very necessary and important. It is suggested that the counseling sessions, promoting students into team working, and participating students in extra programs affairs be carried out for increasing the social support and decreasing the stress and depression.

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Introduction:Osteoporosis is a common disease in women with disabling conseq-uences that burdens a huge economical cost to the society. This study designed to eval-uate the prevalence of osteoporosis and its related factors in women referred to Fasa`s densitometry center. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectio-nal, analytical study, 430 women referred to the densitometry center of Fasa in 2012-13, were selected via a random sampling meth-od. Bone mass densitometry (BMD) at the lumbar spines (L1 to L4) and neck of femur through dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) method. Data collection was acco-mplished through a questionnaire and interviewing with subjects that referred to the center. Results were assigned based on T score scale and the osteoporosis and ost-eopenia were detected based on WHO criteria. Data were analyzed by SPSS16 and descriptive/analytical statistical tests. The significance level was considered P<0.05 in the study. Findings: Mean age of women was 56.4±8. 3 years. The overall prevalence rate of ost-eoporosis and osteopenia was 34.1% and 70%, respectively. Mean of T scores in femoral neck and lumbar spines were -1.78 ±1.22 and 1.54±1.04, respectively. 31% of the women had osteoporosis in femoral neck bone and 46.8% had osteopenia in the bone. The relationships of age, weight, consu-mption of calcium containing diets and regular physical activity with osteopo-rosis were significant.(P<0.001) Discussion & Conclusion: This study sho-wed a higher prevalence rate of osteoporo-sis in the women under study. Regular phy-sical activity and consumption of calcium containing diets such dairy foods is reco-mmended to reduce the prevalence of disease and its complications.

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Introduction:Clinical education is the most fundamental part of the curriculum of nurs-ing students that combines theoretical kno-wledge and practical skills and prepares them to enter the field of patient care and provide clinical and treatment services. Different ways of clinical education have a direct impact on the clinical skills acqu-isition and student satisfaction. So, this study aimed to investigate the relation bet-ween preparation of preceptors and nursing student’s satisfaction of clinical education. Materials & Methods: This research was a cross-sectional research study. 44 clinical preceptors and 202 nursing students parti-cipated in the research during 1391. The preparedness questionnaire for preceptors had two parts, the demographic and clinical preparation, and students' satisfaction ques-tionnaire also had two sections including demographic information and 25 questions about their satisfaction. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statist-ics and sample analysis methods. Also, the chi-square test was used to link survey objectives and research questions. Findings: The average of age was 22.5 ye-ars for students and 40 years for preceptors. 75 percent of preceptors had bachelor deg-ree, and 25 percent had master degree. They had averagely 16.34 and 5.69 years services and preceptor experience, respectively. 53.5 percent of students reported a high satisfac-tion and only 10.4% reported a low satisfa-ction. There was statistically significant re-lation between clinical preparedness of preceptors and student satisfaction (P=0. 024). Relation between clinical prepar-edness and sex (P=0.05), marital status (P=0.01) and coaching experience (P=0. 038) were significant and in the female groups, the number of married people and coaching experience was more than 5 years. Relation of student satisfaction with the sex (P=0.004) and student’s employment (P=0. 001) were significantly higher in male and employed groups. Discussion & Conclusion: Given to the rel-ationships between preceptor preparedness and nursing student’s satisfactions in the represented clinical education period, this model is suggested as an applicable and suitable one for nursing colleges and health related educational centers. The accurate selection of people who interested in clin-ical trainings, providing training and edu-cational requirements and holding coordin-ation meetings among preceptors and fac-ulty members and presenting guidelines and clinical education plan can promote clinical training and student’s satisfaction.

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Introduction: Today, ecstasy abuse has been extended. Also, the substance has an easy access that increases their damaging effects. Therefore, this study aimed to de-termine the knowledge and attitude of students about ecstasy and its com-plications. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectio-nal study, 254 undergraduate students were selected by random sampling in the health and architecture schools of Shahid Beheshti University. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with high reliability and validity that included four sections demographic, knowledge about ecstasy attitudes and behavior toward ecs-tasy. The questionnaire was completed by the students under study. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16 and statistical tests, T-test and ANOVA. Findings: Participants in this study were 116 (45.65%) male and 138 (54.35%) fem-ale students. 122 (48.5%) students were fro-m the school of health, and 132 (51.95%) were from the school of architecture. 95% of students had used ecstasy and 79% stated that they need to attend in courses related to ecstasy and its complications. 62 % tended to participate in workshops. About 50.4% of the students had a moderate level of knowledge, and about 67.3% of them had a good attitude. Also, knowledge and attitude had not significant associations with disc-ipline, gender and place of residence (p>0.05). There was no significant assoc-iation between knowledge and marital status, but there was a significant relation-nship between positive attitudes toward effects of ecstasy and marital status (p=0.0001). Discussion & Conclusion: According to the findings, the students' knowledge and their positive attitudes towards effects of ecstasy were not desirable and appropriate. It is suggested that the finding of the study will be used to provide effective education programs and to promote the knowledge and attitude of students.

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Introduction: Food stuffs hygiene includes all essential standards and regulations for the pro-duction, storage and supplying of food stuffs to market with high quality. The current study aimed to determine students' knowledge about food stuffs hygiene among middle schools in Khomeinshahr city. Materials & Methods: This study was perf-ormed as a cross-sectional fassion on 527 male and female students. Data gathered through questionnaires containing two sections of dem-ographic and knowledge questions. Data were analyzed with SPSS V.16 software. Findings: The mean knowledge score in girls were more than in boys. Also, the knowledge score among students of grade 7 were more than ones of grade 8 and the difference was statistically significant. The knowledge scores were 90 % about suitable drinks, 89% about healthy junk foods, 36% about the methods of preventing food contamination, and 50% about foods with early decay. Most source of infor-mation was related to the mothers with 81.6% and then health communicators with 58%. Discussion & Conclusion: Increasing the kno-wledge of students, especially among boys should be planned in the fields of personal hy-giene, food stuffs with early spoilage, sym-ptoms of food rancidity, healthy building and maintenance of healthy food and consumption of various types of appropriate foods at sch-ools in the future.

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Introduction: Stress is a complex phenolmenon which concentrates on thedynamic relation between human and environment. Education is a stressful experience, especially in medical sciences since it is one of the most stressful occupations. The critical concern about students is the effect of stress on their education, so it is necessary to take preventive policies against stress and its consequences. This study is conducted to investtigate the effect of stress and its associated factors on female students in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 420 female students in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences who were randomly selected. To collect the data, Harrey stress test was given to the students. The collected data was analyzed by the SPSS software. Findings: Results of the study showed that 9.9% (42 students) of studentswerehealthyand gained less than 150 score and 90.1% (381 students) suffered from moderate nervousness. The obtained results indicated a significant relationship between marital status and nervousness (p=0.02). However, no significant relationship was found between nervousness and age (p<0.76), grade of studying (p<0.90), major of study (p<0.76) and living site (p<0.43). Discussion & Conclusion: Our results suggested that we could reduce nervousness by providing secure mental conditions, changing social conditions, improving educationnal status especially holding exam and also motivating college students