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Introduction: Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA), is a technique that evaluates and documents analyze of failure modes, potential effects of any failure on the success of system, personnel and system safety, system performance and maintainability. In this study, at the first killen analyzed for two approaches, RPN and critically matrix of FMECA technique and then the results of these two approaches was compared. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess and identify the risk of a cement killen using RPN and critically matrix approaches of FMECA. Then, the results obtained from qualitative and RPN approaches were also compared with each other. In this study, the effects of defects on the production and system, how to fail, severity of fails and their criticality level and controls of fails were considered. Findings: The number of identified defects using FMECA was 100 cases. The body warping defect had the highest risk priority number (RPN=270) among the defects analyzed with approach RPN. In the qualitative approach, the defects of maximum and minimum realizing of the original gears, contact between the rotor and stator in the engine were the highest critically rate. Discussion and Conclusion: This study showed that analysis FMECA was proper tool to identify and prioritize failures of their critically, especially for the machinery and complex systems. Moreover, this study showed the significant differences between the results obtained from RPN and qualitative approaches of FMECA.

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Introduction: Prenatal exposure to physical stress could affect the behavioral function of offspring after birth and also in puberty.The aim of this study was to determine the effect of prenatal exposures to chronic heterogeneous stress on anxiety-like behaviors in adult male offspring in rats.

Materials & methods: In this experimental study, 10 pregnant rats were used in control and stress groups (n = 5). The Stress group was exposed to heterogeneous stress from the day of 9 to 19 of pregnancy (10 days). After the end of pregnancy and childbirth, 10 adult male offsprings from each group were selected, using the elevated plus-maze(EPM), the anxiety-like behaviors were studied.

Findings: Exposure to stress during pregnancy significantly increased the time spent (P<0.001) and the number of entries (P<0.01) into open arms of the elevated plus maze in the offspring's of stress group compared with the control group. While the time spent in the closed arms (P<0.05) significantly decreased than that in the control group. Time to stay in the center, the number of entries into closed arm and delayed to the first entry into the open arm showed no significant difference between the two groups.

Discussion & Conclusions: Exposure to stress during pregnancy reduced anxiety-like behaviors in rats. Probably, the impact of stress during pregnancy on the incidence of these behaviors can change depending on sex and age. More research in this area could help clarify the issue.