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Introduction: The equity in health and inequity elimination in health sector is one of the most important challenges of health systems in the world, especially in develo-ping countries. The present research aimed to explore the nurse manpower distribution at state hospitals of Iran by Lorenz curve and Gini index during 2001-2006. Methods & Materials: The method used in the study was a descriptive analytical, retr-ospective and longitudinal one. The data were analyzed using Excel Software by Lorenz Curve and Gini index estimation. Findings: The findings of the study showed that among the proportions for the number of nurses in population, the highest propo-rtion was for Semnan province over all the years studied and the lowest proportion was for Hamedan in 2001, for Kohkilouye va Boyerahmad from 2001 to 2003 and for Sistan va Balouchestan from 2004 to 2006, respectively. Also, the Gini coefficients for nurses were 0.0274, 0.0094, 0.0226, 0.0002, 0.0007 and 0.0402 from 2001 to 2006. Discussion & Conclusions: Findings of the study indicated that in spite of a difference in the proportion of nurses among the inv-estigated provinces, an equal distribution of nurses has been established at state hos-pitals according to the Gini index and Lor-enz curve. The findings can provide useful insight for health policy-makers.

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Introduction: In the period of optimization of talent, organizations search for creative and innovative approaches to upgrade their competitive advantages and in this turbulent and complicate environment, only human resource could be useful for organizations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the components of human capital and the components of lea-rning organizations among faculty members of the Imam Khomeini's hospital in 2011. Materials & Methods: This research was conducted through a cross-sectional and descriptive fashion. The society under study consisted of 227 faculty members working at Imam Khomeini hospital complex. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire that its validity and reliability were assured by expert’s corroboration and alpha Cron-bach coefficient (0.94), respectively. The data were analyzed via descriptive and ana-lytical statistics (Spearman correlation coefficient) by SPSS software. Findings: The results revealed a moderate learning organization status based on the opinions of faculty member at Imam Kho-meini hospital complex. There was a signi-ficant relationship between the human capital and learning organization comp-onents (P<0.005). Discussion & Conclusion: Regarding to the presence of a significant positive relations-hip between the human capitals and learn-ing organization components, the necessity of applying this method as a new and effi-cient theory in management and health syst-em would be inevitable

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Introduction: In spite of the fact that many factors affect the performance of orga-nizations, it is quite doubtless that leade-rship is one of the most important factors for organizations succession. Hospitals as complicated organizations require an effici-ent leadership, at gross or small levels, and. This study aimed to assess leadership style in the educational hospitals of Iran, Tehran and Shahid Beheshti Universities of medi-cal sciences and explore its relationship with personality type based on the five-fac-tor personality model. Materials & Methods: The present study was a correlation one. Statistical society of the research included managers working in the educational hospitals of Iran, Tehran and Shahid Beheshti Universities of medic-al sciences. The data was collected by an appropriate questionnaire. Managers Lead-ership Style was measured by Rensis-Likert questionnaire. Also, managers’ personality type was assayed by five big factors of Mckry Dody Kastav. For validating the q-uestionnaires, a content and technical validating method was applied. The reliabi-lity of the questionnaires was estimated by test-pretest method. Findings: The findings of study showed that conscientiousness personality type was the most frequent types (36.4%) in comp-arison with other personality type. There was a significant relationship between pe-rsonality type and leadership style (P=0.06). Discussion & Conclusion: Given the relati-onship between personality type and lea-dership style, it may predict the managers’ leadership style by using of their perso-nality type.

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Introduction: Increasing resistance to anti-microbial agents in bacteria is a major problem around the world. So, our kno-wledge about the bacterial strains status causing urinary tract infection and their resistance against common antibiotics is an important issue in treatment. The aim of this study was to indentify the bacteria causing urinary tract infections and to determine their antibiotic resistance in ad-ults hospitalized and referred to the Farshc-hian hospital in Hamadan in 2011. Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 214 individuals hospitalized in or referred to the Farshchian hospital in 2011. Morphological evaluation and identification of the isolated bacteria were performed by Gram staining and biochemical tests. Antibiotic suscept-ibility tests were done with cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, nitr-ofurantoin, tobramycin, amoxicillin, oflo-xacin and ciprofloxacin disks and the Kirby-Bauer method. Findings: Of 141 patients, 54.2% and 45.7% were female and male, respectively. The most common causes of infection were Escherichia coli (%61), Enterobacter spp. (%10.7), staphylococcus saprophyticus (%8.5), Pesudomonas aeruginosa (%7.9) and Proteus spp.(%7.1). In total, regardless of the type of bacteria, the highest resis-tance was against amoxicillin and the low-est resistance was against nalidixic acid. Escherichia coli as the most common cause of urinary tract infection and had the same pattern of infection in both sexes. Discussion & Conclusion: According to our study, E. coli was the most common cause of urinary tract infection and the strain had the highest and lowest resistances against amoxicillin and nalidixic acid, respectively.