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Introduction: Muscle cramp is a common complication during hemodialysis. Organ ischemia during hemodialysis is held to be a cause for that pain. Massage has been used as a factor of pain palliative and relaxation, since the past. Our aim was to determine the effects of massage on prevention or relief of frequency and intensity of hemodialysis cramps. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 40 patients, who had frequent muscle cramps during hemodialysis. The patients were intentionally selected. Before and after the massage, severity of pain due to muscular cramp was recorded. Analysis of these data was performed in SPSS environment, using paired-sampled T-test method and descriptive statistics. Findings: The severity and frequency of muscular cramp seen during dialysis p<0.001 reduced mean severity of pain before intervention was 8.73, while this severity reduced to 1.7. In 19 patients (47.5%). No muscular cramps was seen during dialysis. Throwing a comparison before and after the intervention, muscular cramps in 52.5% cases proved to be of less severity during dialysis. Discussion & Conclusion: Whatever can be concluded from the performed research is that massage in the dialysis patients can prevent and decrease pain intensity due to muscle cramp.

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Introduction: Test anxiety is a universal phenomenon that affects the educational functions of millions of students for years. Considering high prevalence of that and the negative affection on educational functions of students, several methods have been developed to reduce that. So this research aims at surveying the effect of time man-agement on reducing test anxiety of stud-ents. Materials & Methods: In this experimental studies, with the Test Anxiety Question-naire (TAI) on first grade high school, 60 students were identified with test anxiety condition and randomly put into the exper-imental and control groups. The experi-mental group received 10 sessions of time management education and the control group did not receive any intervention. All data were analyzed by using of the SPSS statistical software, version 16, and the statistical test, single variant co-variance (ANCOVA(, was applied. Findings: The findings showed that, time management training had a significant eff-ect on the students' test anxiety. Because the achieved significance level of F (29.294) with the 1 and 54 degrees of freedom is less than 0.05. So the difference of anxiety sco-res between the control and test groups was significant, and with the confidence 95%, it could say that the time management trai-ning was effective in reducing the test an-xiety. Due to eta squared value, the effect was %35, approximately. Discussion & Conclusion: The time manag-ement training could be used as a new method to reduce test anxiety in high school students. The conduction of further resea-rches is necessary to collect time manag-ement training programs in accordance with the needs of students.

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Introduction: Annually, about one million persons attempt to suicide and averagely, one person suicides in every forty seconds. According to the world official statistics ab-out one-third (27%-37%) of the suicides are caused by self-burning. In accords with the reports of deaths registration system in Iran, eleven people daily die because of suicide and one-third of them end their life by self-burning. The aim of the study was to eva-luate the percentages of burning in subjects who committed to self-burning in the provi-nce of Ilam between 1372-1385. Materials & Methods: In the cross-sectional study all documents of patients with the his-tory of burning were separated at the hos-pital of Taleghani in the province of Ilam during 1372-1385. About 587 cases of the patients had committed to burn themselves. Then, some information such as age, sex, level of education, marital status, percenta-ge of burning and etc were recorded in a standard questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test, regression models and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings: Eighty percent of the patients were female with a mean age of 26. With the elevation of each year of age, the rate of suicide by burning was increased by 0.13%. The rate‌ of mortality in subjects who com-mitted to self-burning was 73% and the mean percentage of their burning was 82%. The majority of the patients were married and unemployed with low level of educa-tion .86.67% and 75.9% of the patients had a history of physical illness and educational problems, respectively. Psychotic disorders were detected among 74.73% of the cases. The rate of self-burning was 82% among subjects who had graduated from high sch-ool. Most of the suicides by burning had been occurred in winter and to lesser extent in summer. Discussion & Conclusion: Self-burning is the most common method of suicide in the province of Ilam, Iran. Although, the most of risk factors for suicide in our study were similar to those that have been known in the literature, we found that the high risk gro-ups were married women and the most imp-ortant risk factors of self-burning included, physical illness, education problem, unemp-loyment, psychotic problem and other so-cial factors. The findings of the study could be helpful and may offer strategies to decre-ase the rate of suicide in the province of Ilam.

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Abstract Introduction: Child-mothers Primary relationship is the base of next relationship in adulthood. for a health interpersonal relationship trust is an important factor.researchers emphasize on mother-child relationship in infancy & show that individual mental health/disease in adulthood affected by Child-mothers Primary relationship.and this effect communication styles & trust in interpersonal relationship in adulthood.hence this study aimed to investigation of relationship between attachment, Nutrition type ,( Breastfeeding , dry milk)weaning style (suddenly or gradual)with communication styles interpersonal trust in adulthood. Materials and Methods: sample of this study includes 180 case(95 men & 90 women)aged 16-26 years that filled attachment styles, communication styles & interpersonal trust questionnaire information about , Nutrition type & weaning style gathered from an oral interview of their mother Findings: Nutrition type & weaning styles didn’t have any significant relation with communication styles & interpersonal trust . there is a significant relationship between gender , Battler communication style & interpersonal trust(p<0.05). there is not significant relation ship between attachment styles and communication styles but there was a significant relationship between attachment styles & interpersonal trust(p=0.00). Discussion &Conclusion: attachment styles have a significant relationship with communication styles & interpersonal trust.hence mothers education about response their children needs can be an important act in formulation the health interpersonal relationship in adulthood.