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Background & Objective: Health promoting activities and a healthy lifestyle are major strategies to preserve health. Regarding the importance of health in young people, health promotion in society a, this study was designed to Study of Health-promotion behaviors and Life Style among students of Dezful universities Materials & Methods: This study was a cross-sectional-descriptive survey assessing health-promoting lifestyle among students of Dezful universities. A total number of 440 students were recruited in this study using a randomly sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire (demographic questions, Health-promotion behaviors including physical, social and emotional functions). Obtained data analyzed by SPSS software in two categories of descriptive and inferential statistics (T test, ANOVA). Results: Age range of participants was 22/78. In addition, 51/1 % of the subjects were BS, 33/7 resident in dormitory, 17% married, 11/3 % of the students had a week Life Style, 54/3% moderate and 34/3% good. Statistical significant association was seen between Life Style and mother job, physical function, Restrictions of Role Playing in Condition of emotional problems and bodily pain (p<0/05). Conclusion: The results reveal that the life style of more than half of the students is week and moderate and students have lower physical and emotional function, thus need designing programs for improving university student's Health-promotion behaviors.

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Introduction: Cardiomyopathies are referr-ed to those diseases accompanied with he-arth dysfunction which the most common of them is dilated cardiomyopathy. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical sympt-om, prognosis, complications, treatment and mortality in patients with cardiomyo-pathy over a 10 years period. Materials & Methods: In this retrospective descriptive study, all patients had been dis-charged with the final diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy and referred to the Rajaee Hospital in Tehran, Iran during the past 10 years were studied. The necessary data of each patient was individually collected. Data analysis was performed using descrip-tive and inferential statistical tests. Findings: From 87 patients in the study, 54 (54%) and 40 (46%) patients were female and male, respectively. The most common reason of referring to the Hospital was dys-pnea (70%) and the most common clinical finding was systolic murmur 3.6 in the left corner of sternum. The blood group of most patients was B+. There were a big heart in the radiography of chest, left ventricular di-latation in echocardiography, reduced left ventricle contractility in catheterization (EF=35%). The most common complicat-ions in the patients were mitral valve reg-urgitation and left heart failure. The embo-lism was reported as a rare complication. In evaluation of the relationship between pres-cribed medications and prognosis, the digi-talis compounds, Lasix and Aldacton (with 2 died patients), were the most prescribed medications. The three above drugs along with Hydralazine had been led to the death of 1 patient. Discussion & Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it is appeared that the type of blood group may predispose subje-cts to dilated cardiomyopathy. Overcrowde-d environment and air pollution may incre-ase the incidence of the disease the presc-ribed medications may influence the prong-osis and mortality of the diseases.

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Introduction: Nutritional assessment is an important method in public health for mea-suring health status of people in commun-ity. In this study, nutritional status of stude-nts residing in the dormitories of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science re-garding food groups’ intake were determ-ined. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive analytical survey, 658 students residing in the dormitories of Shahid Beheshti Univer-sity of Medical Science were selected by clustering sampling method. Data were col-lected using a questionnaire and analyzed by the statistical software, SPSS version 16. Findings: Mean age of participants was 21.82 years for female and 22.76 years for male. Consumption of cereals (P=0.03), meat and its substitutes (P=0.000), fruits (P=0.003), vegetables (P=0.000) and other foods (P=0.000) was significantly more in female students compared to males. Discussion & Conclusion: Results of the research indicated that the students had optimal practice towards nutrition. Thus, more attention is necessary to be paid by authorities to this specific topic and some measures are essential in training students in order to maintain and continue optimal nutritional status.

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Introduction: Pedestrians' traffic accidents are one of the most important causes of death throughout the world. Access to the information or existing status could pave the way for educational interventions to prevent traffic accidents. Theory of the planned behavior shows the relationship between some constructs relating to beha-vioral intention, attitude, perceived beha-vioral control, normative belief and the beh-avior. This research aimed to determine the relationship between constructs of the pla-nned behavior theory and road crossing safe behaviors among the fourth grade students of Tehran city in 2010 Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-analytic research, 160 students were sele-cted among schools in district 4 of Tehran city through random sampling method. These students answered standard question-nnaire in which their validity and reliability had been evaluated. Finally, the gathered data were analyzed with software SPSS (version16) Findings: Research results showed that there was significant relationship between road crossing safe behavior and constructs of intention (P<0.001), perceived behave-ioral control (P<0.001), compliance motive (P<0.001), consequence evaluation (P=0.04), and normative beliefs (P<0.001) and there was no significant relationship between road crossing safe behavior and construct of behavioral belief. Linear reg-ression test results specified that the beh-avioral intention with B=2.35 was a suitable predictor of road crossing safe behavior. Discussion & Conclusion: The results dem-onstrated that the planned behavior theory can be used as a suitable framework for designing of educational interventions to improve of the students' road crossing beha-viors.

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Introduction: Industrial safety is an important issue that should be considered as a priority in the safety culture of companies. Given that the most of working accidents are arose from insecure perceptions and behaviors, it is necessary to conduct more researches in this field. The current study aimed to assess employees' perceptions of safety culture in Bahonar Copper Industries Co. using the health belief model (HBM). Materials & Methods: The current study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. All employees working in the rolling mill and steel parts manufacturing plant comprised the statistical population of the study. After preparing an appropriate questionnaire and confirming its validity and reliability, and also according to a pilot study, 215 subjects were determined for the study through statistical consultation. Gathered data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16). Findings: In this study, most of the employees had under diploma degrees (53 %) and the highest frequency of age groups was 34 to 40 years (57 people). 9.81 percent of them were married and 43.7 percent had over 16 years work experience. In this study, 79.5 % of the employees had a moderate perception and 10.3 % of them had a good perception toward the safety at work. Most participants were from the rolling mill and copper tube plant (28.4 %). Also, 5.39% of employees had a history of job-related accidents. In this study, 54.9 % of participants were averagely satisfied with their jobs. Finally, chi-square test showed a significant association between HBM constructs such as perceived susceptibility and occupation, work unit or work injury. Discussion &Conclusion: The employees had a relatively good attitude toward the safety at workplace. Since workers are vulnerable employees at workplaces, execution of educational and interventional programs using health belief model or other educational models is recommended to enhance the perception of workers to adhere to safety principals at workplaces

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Introduction: The importance of students' research is obvious to the authorities of medical education and research affairs. It is important to address the performance of students and their related factors during education. The aim of this research was to determine the behavioral styles of students in Shiraz University of medical science in academic environments. Materials & Methods: For the cross sectional study, 400 students of second semester of 2005-2006 academic year were selected in Shiraz University of medical science by random sampling method. The data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software and Chi-square test. Findings: Results of the study demon-trated that the interest in scientific research among the students shown to be as poor (19%),moderate (38.75%) and good (42.25%) reectively. Interest in partic-pating in scientific and educational works-ops was also graded as poor (15.75%), modrate (42.80) and good (41.25%), resp-ctively. There was a significant relationship between education level and educational failure.(P<0.05) Discussion & Conclusion: Findings of the study indicated that paying attention to the effective factors on academic success of medical students is essential and authorities should improve the quality of education and students' acceptance, alleviate the problems of students' facilities and occupation and enhance the educational interests.

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Introduction: Many studies have been conducted to evaluate the prevention of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to review these studies. Materials & Methods: At first, we searched the ISI and Pub Med databases for studies containing the key words "Health Education","Intervention", "prevention", "Programs", "Obesity" and "Overweight" plus the key words "Adolescent", "Children" and "Child'. Only, those papers in English language were selected. Finally, 20 appropriate papers were evaluated. Findings: Most of the programs and educational interventions had focused on the behaviors such as daily regular physical activity, consumption of fruits and vegetables, consumption of sugar-free drinks and limiting television watching. Educations were conducted by school staff and health educators and most of the interventions reported a positive impact of the programs and trainings. Discussuin & Conclusion: Educating the obesity preventive behaviors in children and adolescents have been largely successful. According to the studies, it seems that there is an urgent need to pay more attention to the using of models and theories and innovative strategies for better learning and creating healthy behaviors.

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Introduction: Most of the traffic accidents are caused due to high speed. To decelerate vehicles traffic speed in the streets of the city of Kashan, a number of road bumps were made at defined intervals. This study was designed to study the effect of the road bumps on the incidence of traffic accidents. Materials & Methods: This study was performed as a semi-empirical survey (before and after). The statistics of traffic accidents and their characteristics were recorded one month before the installation of the road bumps and the average calculated on a daily basis. Then, the statistics of traffic accidents and their characteristics were recorded one month after the installation of the road bumps. The mentioned statistics compared with each other and with the previous year. Findings: This study indicated that the daily average number of casualties caused by traffic accidents and referred to hospitals was decreased in the first month of the plan in the streets of the city of Kashan, compared to previous month (p<0.001). In the first month of the plan, serious injuries (fractures and lacerations) decreased compared to the previous month (p<0.001). Discussion & Conclusion: This research is one of the few studies that evaluated the effects of an intervention on the problems of traffic from the view point of health. The results indicated that execution of the program decreased the number of traffic accidents and created changes in the pattern of injuries and decreased the incidence of major injuries.

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Introduction: Depression is one of the most common mental diseases that it is not limited to a special time, place and the person and encompasses all the groups and levels of community. The most harmful effect of long time stress is reported to be the impairment in learning and thinking capabilities. The social supports reduce the vulnerability of people against stress, depression and other physical and mental diseases. The goal of current study was to determine effective factors on depression, perceived stress and perceived social support and their relationship among students living in dormitories of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science Materials & Methods: In the cross-sectional study, participants included 390 students who lived in the dormitories of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science. They were selected through simple random sampling method in 2 dormitories (sisters and brothers' dormitories). The questionnaires of depression (Beck), multidimensional scale of perceived social support, and perceived stress scale were completed by the students. Data were analyzed by SPPSS V.16 software. The descriptive statistics, one way ANOVA, correlation coefficient, independent sample t-test, Chi square and Fisher exact test were used for analyzing data with the confidence level 0.05. Findings: Job and academic status were the sources of stress in 30.5 percent of students. The mean of perceived stress score, perceived social support score and depression score were 26.84±8.27, 28.32±9.56 and 12.1±9.02, respectively. Also, 49.7 percent of students had different degrees of depression. There was a significant relationship between perceived stress, perceived social support and depression (P<0.001). Discussion & Conclusion: Since a half of the students were afflicted with depression, paying attention to this problem is very necessary and important. It is suggested that the counseling sessions, promoting students into team working, and participating students in extra programs affairs be carried out for increasing the social support and decreasing the stress and depression.

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Introduction: The planning and objectives of a lesson introduced by a professor at the beginning of each session is one of the most effective and important factors that help improve students' learning. Collecting of these parameters at the end of each lesson and the presenting of a summary of the next session has a significant impact on the students’ learning. Over the past few years, the importance of lesson planning has been discussed in a broad scope among educational groups of Medical Schools. The study was performed to evaluate and compare lesson planning protocols by the professors at Shiraz University and Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 508 students of different departments of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (217 students) and Shiraz University (291 students). From each of these universities 5% of the students were chosen randomly and also from each department, students were selected depending on the number of students at that department. Findings:223 men (43.9%) and 285 women (56.1%) whose average age was 22 years participated in the survey. This study showed that lesson planning methods were exerted in a same manner in different terms and that no difference was observed between the two universities (P>0.05). The average of the scores given to the lesson planning in both Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and Shiraz University were 33 and 34 out of 60, respectively. Teaching aids were used more at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences than at Shiraz University. Using new scientific resources at Shiraz Medical School was good but the same thing at Shiraz University was average and their difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The current survey showed that educational motivation in students was low, but the motivation in other aspects was good. Discussion & Conclusion: Identifying the important factors that affect learning is quite important to help remove inadequacies and solve problems in any educational system. This study revealed that the students’ level of knowledge in lesson planning was relatively low. In both mentioned universities the teaching aids were used at a low level. One advantage of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences was that their professors used teaching aids more than the professors of Shiraz University. In order to decrease the shortcomings and make students more productive and scientific in both universities, it is crucial that educational workshops to be organized for professors. In this way, we would witness a day in which both students and professors of our country are striving more to advance the frontiers of science.

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Introduction: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by the red-uction of bone mass, deterioration of bo-ne structure, increasing bone fragility, and increasing fracture risk. Prevention of osteoporosis is one of the most important issues in World Health Organization. This study was conducted to assess the know-ledge, perceived susceptibility and percei-ved severity of female teachers in the pre-vention of osteoporosis in Shahr-e-kord city. Materials & Methods: This study was a descriptive and analytical one in which the population under study included 384 female teachers of Shahr-e-kord city. Relevant data was gathered by means of a standard questionnaire based on the health belief model. The obtained data was analyzed by the statistical software, SPSS 16 and the statistical tests, Pearson and Spearman correlations. Findings: Most of the people were (51%) in the 32-42 years age group, 62.4 % were married and most of them had an educ--ational level of Bachelor's degree. Total score of knowledge was 74.87±28.08, total score of perceived susceptibility was 48.09±28.84 and total score of perceived severity was 53.85±28.54.There was a significant relationship between marital status, perceived susceptibility and perce-ived severity (P<0.05). Discussion & Conclusion: The results ind-icated that the teachers had an optimal knowledge toward the prevention of osteoporosis however had a relatively acc-eptable perceived susceptibility and percei-ved severity. These results approve the nec-essity of more education regarding to increase perceived susceptibility and per-ceived severity.

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Introduction: Health, safety and enviro-nment (HSE) is considered as an important matter in oil refining companies and also as one of the key priorities for the companies. Hence, this research employed the HSE culture ladder in order to assess the HSE culture in the Shahid Tondgooyan oil refi-ning company of Tehran. Materials & Methods: Current research was a descriptive-analytical, sectional and practical study. The population under study included all the administrative and oper-ative officials of Shahid Tondgooyan oil refining company of Tehran. With the ass-istance of the professors and statistical consultants, as well as the type of the study, a check list of the HSE culture ladder was completed and analyzed by the statistical consultants. The mentioned check list was gathered after intensive literature review. This culture model has been categorized into five levels with unique characteristics from pathological to creative ones. Findings: According to the results and self-analysis of the HSE culture by using of the culture ladder model, Shahid Tondgooyan oil refining company of Tehran was in the proactive level. By observing some of the noted factors, it could be reached into the proactive level, and then enter to the creative level. Discussion & Conclusion: With regarding to the obtained results, necessary measures must be taken to progress the level of HSE culture in the refinery area, as well as to progress the operations of the workers and the management’s attitude.

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Introduction: The center and core of every high education system are students. And students as the main driving force of the societies toward the development and prog-ress needs having computer and Internet for research purposes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the satisfaction rate of students with computer centers at Shahr-e-Kord University of Medical Scie-nces. Materials & Methods: This study was a descriptive study in which 275 students we-re randomly chosen at the Shahr-e-kord Un-iversity of Medical Sciences. The data col-lection tool was a researcher made ques-tionnaire which its reliability was obtained by the Cronbach's alpha test of 0.88. Data was analyzed using SPSS16 and P<0.05 was considered significant. Findings: Subjects were 121(44%) female and 154 subjects(56%) male students. The mean age of the female and male students was 21.64±2.47 and 21.81±2.33 years,- respectively. The average satisfaction sco-res with the computer center of school of medicine was 48.40±22.43, with the com-puter center of the deputy of research was 49.92±19.57 and with the computer centers of dormitories was 28.90±23.25. Discussion & Conclusion: Results indicated that students' satisfaction toward the comp-uter centers of dormitories was much lower than the other centers. Since the students spend the most of their time in dormitories, resolving the shortages in these centers leads to prevent time loses by the students due to their referring to other computer cen-ters.

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Introduction: The transfer and utilization of research evidence in health promotion have caught a great attention in recent years. R-esearch has been the means of material and spiritual progress for human being. Health research is prerequisite for the enhancement of health and treatment maintenance and plays a pivotal role in medical sciences. This study was done to determine the kho-wledge and attitude of students toward re-search in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Materials & Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytical survey assessing kho-wledge and attitude of students toward rese-arch in 2012. A total number of 256 stud-ents were recruited in this study using a ran-domly sampling method. Data were collec-ted using a reasercher-designed question-naire. Obtained data analyzed by SPSS18 software and two categories of descriptive and inferential statistical methods (Chi-Sq-ure and Fisher exact tests). Findings: The results of the study indicated that 64.4 % of participants had a poor knowledge toward research and 63.2 % of them had a moderate knowledge toward re-search.There was a significant relation bet-ween knowledge and educational level am-ongst students, so that the students with higher educational level had more know-ledge regarding research (P<0.05). Also, the attitude of students had a significant rela-tion with their educational level and reside-nce (P<0.05). So that students with higher educational level and resident in dormitory had a better attitude toward research. Discussion & Conclusion: Changings in the educational system to meet the needs of stu-dents may be necessary. It should pay more attention than before to the courses such as practical research methods to improve the practical implementation of research, to pr-omote students' attitudes toward research and to provide the process of collaboration and necessary support among students.

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Introduction: Given the importance of he-althy lifestyle related factors such as nutrition, physical activity, smoking, sleep-ing, leisure, individual health and repr-oducetive behavior, the aim of this study was to determine the lifestyle of married women, aged 15-45 years old, referring to health centers in west of Ahvaz city. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, statistical population incl-udeed 384 married women, aged 15- 49 ye-ars old, referring to health centers in the west of Ahvaz city. Sampling was conduc-ted by stratified method. The tool for colle-cting information was a researcher designed multi-section questionnaire, which was co-mpleted by aid of trained interviewers along with interviewing. Data were analyz-ed by SPSS software and chi- square test at sign-ificant level of P< 0.05. Findings: The finding showed that the me-an age of subjects under study was 30.6 ± 7 years. There was a significant association between lifestyle and other parameters such as ethnic (p< 0.001), marital status (p< 0.004), occupation (p< 0.002) and income (p< 0.001). The subjects had an average lifestyle in terms of sleep quality (29.2%), spend leisure time (49.7%), nutrition (54.7%) and individual health status (48.2%). in overall, 50.3% of women had an average lifestyle. The most common method of contraception was condom (34.8%). Discussion & Conclusions: Considering that most of the women in this study had an average lifestyle, this emphasizes the imp-ortance of health education to familiarize most women with appropriate lifestyle and right behavioral habits acting as a protective factor.