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Introduction: The lifespan of organic coa-tings is reduced in outdoor applications by attacks of solar radiation, oxygen and atom-spheric pollutants. Degradation of coating and recoating introduce pollutants into the environment. For solvent based coatings like alkyd paints, volatile organic comp-ounds (VOC) are the main source of pollut-ion. Undesirable mechanical, physical and chemical consequences of the resulting degradation can be substantially restricted by properly selected photo stabilizers. Materials & Methods: Carotene than carr-ots extracted by ethanol and 2 - propanol at a temperature of 60 º C in 4-2 hours. In this regard, samples and control were analyzed by UV spectroscopy and results were compared with samples after past 30 days exposure on the UV sunlight. Findings: Beta carotene acts like a subs-tance against UV light and can increase the resistance of the material to be used as anticancer drug however it's not able to do the task by itself. In a view, beta carotene is counted as a powerful anti-oxidant material. If such material is increased in UVAs, the UV absorbing quality will be increased. Such work is considered a big advantage in anti-cancer drugs. Tautomerization and co-njugation in phenols makes them to be con-sidered as important UV absorbers and eff-ective class of UV-absorbers. Discussion & Conclusion: In this paper we have investigated the effect of phenolic UVAs on increasing UV absorbing quality in beta carotene, viable cancer cell numbers or MTT test was also performed

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Introduction: Bacteria have become resistant to some kinds of antibiotics. Therefore, more reliable sources are vital to be examined. Some types of herbals have been shown promising for therapeutic points, so they could be applied in the field of medicine. Scrophularia consist of different biological activities such as antimicrobial, antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Consequently, its effect on Staphylococcus aureus has been studied. Material & Methods: Antibiotic effects of both filtered and non-filtered extract of Scrophularia striata on Staphylococcus aureus as gram-positive bacterium were evaluated by spectrophotometer. Simultaneously tetracycline was used as a positive control at different concentrations. In addition, MTT assay was applied for cell survival determination. Findings: Our findings point out that concentration between 1 to 20 µg/ml of the extract has remarkable antibiotic activities. In addition to this, there is no obvious difference between filtered and non-filtered antibiotic activities of this extract. On the other hand, fibroblast cells show absolutely different response when treated with the same extract. Discussion & Conclusion: It can be concluded that, the Scrophularia striata aqueous extract has significant antibiotic activity and with less side effects than tetracycline. As a result, Scrophularia striata extract can be regard as a probable antibiotic agent in the future studies additionally, more investigation is needed for evaluating in vivo outcomes, and the effective materials of the extract component

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Introduction: Leukemia is a progressive and malignant disease of hematopoietic organs of the body. Genetic abnormalities play an important role in the development of leukemia in the body. Many studies have been accomplished on the molecular factors that involved in the disease. DNA micro-array technology provides a general picture of gene expression in whole genome and applied for the exploring of candidate genes that lead to diseases. In fact, having analy-zed a large number of genes together along with the expected changes provides more closely examination the disease under stu-dy. In the present study, the DNA micro-array data of leukemia disease were analy-zed by bioinformatics software (DAVID). The aim of the study was to functionally analyze the genomic and proteomic lists of data that have been obtained with high-throughput tools during biological studies. Materials & Methods: Microarray leuke-mia gene sets were obtained from the data-base http://www.biomedcentral.com/ cont-ent/supplementary/1471 and analyzed with the bioinformatics software (DAVID). The communication gene expression in different classes, chart and clustered genes were examined. The list of genes was identified by the DAVID analysis program. Findings: A chart consisting of 615 ident-ified genes associated with various diseases was detected. Most genes involved in the disease were those genes that were also involved in cancers. 23.7% of the identified genes (146 genes) were cancer genes. Of 615 genes, 70 charts of the identified biolo-gical pathways (the database KEGG) were associated with the disease. Of 615 genes identified, 12 clusters were associated with the disease based on the functional annot-ation. Discussion & Conclusion: The results sho-wed that the program, DAVID, is capable of analyzing genome. Also, the program was capable to evaluate the main classes of genes and pathways involved in the disease to determine the best candidate gene mark-ers for the diagnosis and treatment of leuk-emia disease.

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Background: Today obesity and depression are two important diseases which are growing all over the world and threat the human health. That how much these two affect each other is a major health question. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), depression, and age among referring to health Center in Norabad Delfan City in 2013. Methods: This was a descriptive- correlational study conducted on 390 referring to the health Center in Norabad Delfan City in 2013, who were selected through stratified sampling, Based on their body mass index (BMI) individuals were classified as normal weight, overweight and obese. In addition, age groups were classified as Group 1 (ages 18 – 30), Group 2 (ages 31 - 50), and Group 3 (ages > 50). The data were collected by beck depression standard inventory self constructed questionnaires of demographic characteristic. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and coefficient Pearson's correlation. Findings: BMI was positively correlated with depression (r =./39, p < .001), and age was negatively correlated with depression (r = -.347, p < .001). Finally, a one-way ANOVA revealed younger individuals scored higher on the BDI-II across all weight groups (F(2, 139) = 8.456 p < .05). Conclusion: The present study showed that overweight and obesity leads to increases depression. All organization who have health affairs need to consider the correlation between life style and mental health as part of mental health plans for the society in order to present the complication of depression and obesity.

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Introduction: Eye movements during opht-halmic surgery cause irreparable complic-ations. So the aim of this study was to com-pare the combined use of fentanyl and pr-opofol versus alfentanil and propofol to limit patient´s eye movement during cataract surgery under topical anesthesia. Materials & Methods: In this double-blind clinical trial study, patients were randomly divided into two groups. The first Group received Fentanyl 1 µg/kg, and the second one received Alfentanyl 10 µg/kg. Then local anesthesia was done with Tetracaine drops, and cataract surgery was performed by the Phacoemulsification technique. Blood pres-sure and heart rate were measured at the time of injection of anesthesia, and minutes 10 and 30. The rate of eye movement was recorded by an observer surgeon who didn´t know anything about grouping. Findings: 246 patients were evaluated. There was no significant difference between blood pressure and heart rate at minutes 10 and 30. Movement of patients´s eye at minutes 10 (Chi-square=0.000001) and 30 (Chi-squ-are=0.000118) was significantly lower in Alfentanyl group than the other one. Discussion & Conclusion: The results of our study showed that Alfentanyl, in comparison with Fentanyl, causes more analgesia , less movments of the patient´s eye, and higher amount of surgeon´s satisfaction.

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Introduction: Women constitute half of the population in any society that, in addition to responsibility for training the children, they have important roles in the community. Women's mental health is an essential parameter in any society. The aim of this study was to investigate the comparison of mental health between housewives and employed women in Ilam city. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 539 of 20-50 years old women (280 housewives and 259 employed women) with diploma and higher education in Ilam city. Data collection was carried out through the public health questionnaire of Goldberg and Hiller (GHQ-28). The descriptive and analytical statistics (Chi-square, T-test and Variance analysis) was used to analysis the data. Finding: 47.1 % of the housewives and 42.1 % of the employed women were suspected to mental disorders that this difference was not significant between two groups (p=0.23). The prevalence rate of behavioral disorders in each sub-scale was 4.8 %, 3.9 %, 3.7 % and 2.9 % for physical symptoms, disturbance in social performance, anxiety and sleep disorder and depression and suicide tendency, respectively. Discussion & Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the h-ousewives and employed women in Ilam city had not suitable mental health. The-refore, it is essential that the extensive measures should be done for identification, prevention and treatment of them.

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Introduction: This research was aimed to investigate the relationship between managers' leadership styles and staff empowerment in Ilam hospitals quantitatively.
 Materials & methods: 182 city hospitals staff was determined in present cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Its validity and reliability were assured by using expert's comments and Cronbach's alpha (0.82) respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS16 statistical software and descriptive statistical methods (spearman correlation coefficient) were used.
 Findings: findings showed that the mean and standard deviation based on exception aspect was 3.09±1.12, reward contingency was 2.82±1.08, contingent reward was 2.95±1.11, idealistic features were 2.22±0.99, personal consideration was 2.51±1.15 and motivational aspect 1.19±1.11.
 Discussion & Conclusion: Between empowerment and transactional leadership style dimensions including exception aspect, conditional reward, and contingency reward, there were significant relationship only between conditional reward and contingency reward and empowerment while there were no significant relationship between exception aspect and empowerment. There were significant relationship between evolutionary leadership style with empowerment dimensions just between idealistic features and personal considerations with empowerment, and there were no significant relationships between motivational dimension of evolutionary leadership style and empowerment. Taking into account the results of this research, any of transactional leadership styles, transformative and staff empowerment, staff empowerment in transformational leadership style is more powerful than transactional leadership style.

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Introduction: Since nurses are regarded as the greatest group of employees offering health services, paying attention towards the role of self-confidence in improving sense of responsibility has high importance. The aim of present study is to determine the relation between self-confidence and responsibility among nurses of hospitals in Ilam medical university.

Materials & methods: Present study is a correlative- descriptive research, whose population consists of all of nurses in hospitals of Ilam medical university during 2014, among which 151 individuals were selected as the sample of study through Cochran's formula with a random sampling way. In order to collect data, standard questionnaire of Farzianpour et al (2012) and Jeremy Gilbert's responsibility evaluation (2010) were applied, whose validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability of 82/0 was determined by Cronbach's alpha. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation factor and regression analysis in SPSS.

Findings: Obtained findings indicated that self-confidence and its aspects (being important, competence, dominance, and virtue) have a significant relation with nurses' responsibility. Among these aspects, being important had the least relation to responsibility, while dominance and competence had a relative good relation with responsibility, and finally virtue had the most relation to responsibility.

Discussion & conclusions: Results indicate that the current study was in alignment with previous studies. Therefore, in order to improve the sense of responsibility among nurses, it is suggested that managers provide the workplace in such a way that they feel themselves as valuable and efficient to form their self-confidence and establish a professional moral field of work, so that improvement of their responsibility would be achieved.

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Abstract

Introduction

Introduction

Data mining refers to the study and analysis of large amounts of data for discovering meaningful patterns and rules. Mainly through the models and algorithms, data mining puts the inputs in a specific order. Data mining techniques sometimes lead to the identification of meaningful algorithms which can use available and low-cost data in order to provide us with areas of infection, prevention, and treatment of diseases and help the physicians in timely and accurate diagnosis.

Materials & Methods

The present paper aimed to study the use of the results of data mining of hospital information systems by hospital managers for more accurate prediction and more effective decision-making about treatment of patients. The data used in this study included the information of 270 patients (14 variables) extracted from the database of UCI website. A “neural networks” model was used for the prediction of affliction with heart disease and its accuracy was measured and compared.

Research findings

According to the results, it can be observed that Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks Model has classified the set of test observations with an accuracy of 83.33%.

Discussion & Conclusion

The results showed that the accuracy of “neural networks” model in classification of records in terms of heart disease response is 87.75% for the set of modeling records and 83.33% for the set of test records. In addition, the findings revealed that the variables of the number of large vessels (Nbr-ves), stress reduction (ST-dep), defect, chest pain, stress peak (Peak-ST), heart rate, angina, gender, age, static ECG (Res-elec), blood pressure (Blood-press), blood sugar, and serum cholesterol (Serum-chol), respectively, have the highest importance in “Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks” model for the prediction of heart disease response.   

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Introduction: Aflatoxin M₁ which is one of the aflatoxin B₁ metabolites may be in milk of animals via which they have been fed the contaminated feed. According to the important role of milk and dairy products in human nutrition, it is necessary to consider the quality and safety aspects of this worthy food. On the other hand, its contamination by aflatoxin M₁ is a threat for the consumers’ health; therefore, to use the procedures to remove or non-activation of aflatoxin M₁ in milk and dairy products is required. Microbial detoxification is one of the removal methods of aflatoxins, such as, aflatoxin M₁. In this research, the effect of Lactobacillus casei to reduce or eliminate aflatoxin M₁ in yogurt during its shelf life has been detected. Lactobacillus casei as probiotic yogurt starter bacteria was cultivated.
 
Materials & methods: Modified milk was infected by aflatoxin M₁ in four levels of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 0.75 ppb. The samples were inoculated by Lactobacillus casei as probiotic yogurt starter bacteria. The amounts of residual aflatoxin M₁ were evaluated after centrifuging the samples in the first, seventh, fourteenth and twenty-first days by ELISA.
 
Findings: The results of this research indicate that the presence of Lactobacillus casei was effective on reducing toxin. It was also found the various amounts of aflatoxin M₁ don’t affect significantly on descending of toxin.
 
Discussion & conclusions: These findings imply that Lactobacillus casei using can be as one of the removal techniques among the microbial detoxification methods of the contaminated food by aflatoxin M₁.
 

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Introduction: In recent year, there has been a growing interest in the field of misbehaviors. Meanwhile, one of the concepts that attracted the attention of organizational experts is workplace incivility. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of workplace incivility on the unproductive behaviors of hospital staff. Accordingly, the present study sought to reduce the scientific gap between the processes of workplace incivility behavior and to help managers avoid such behaviors, thereby enhancing citizenship behaviors, improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization and avoid the direct and indirect devastating effects of this phenomenon on the organization.
 
Materials & Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 344 employees of hospitals in Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran, in 2017.  The participants were selected from the study population of 3224 employees using simple random sampling technique. The study instruments were workplace Incivility Behavior, Self-monitoring, Locus of Control, Compulsory Citizenship Behavior, Anti-Citizenship Behavior, and Counterproductive workplace behavior scales whose validity and validity was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and content validity. The data were analyzed using PLS software and tested by structural equation method (SEM) in terms of confirmatory factor analysis and hypothesis testing parts.
 
Findings: The results of the research show that workplace incivility behaviors affect the non-productive behaviors of the staff positively and significantly (t>1.96). In this regard, the variables of Compulsory Citizenship Behavior and anti-citizen behavior play a mediating role (t>1.96). Moreover, the moderating role of locus of control and self-monitoring was negatively significant (t>1.96; β<0).
 
Discussion & Conclusions: Considering the destructive effects of incivility on the organization, it is necessary to consider transparent and precise management measures, improvement of the working environment, and the necessary training regarding hospital staff behavior.

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Introduction: Any kind of behavior or practice that conflicts with the values ​​and norms accepted by the community is known as social harm, which can disrupt the function of the individual, the family, and the community. This study aimed to investigate the factors leading to social injuries among dormitory students.
 
Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was carried out on 337 dormitory students of the state universities in Ilam during 2016. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with 69 items.  Face validity, relative content validity coefficient (CVR), and content validity index (CVI) were used to evaluate the validity of the instrument. In this study, the CVI and CVR were obtained at 0.85 and 0.76, respectively. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient at 0.87. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 20) through descriptive statistics to describe the data. Moreover, inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.
 
Findings: The Chi-square test results showed a significant difference between gender and the damage induced by the illegitimate relationship (P<0.05). Moreover, social injuries correlated significantly with friend status, being isolated, lack of familiarity with life skills, and lack of academic and educational facilities in dormitories (P<0.05).
 
Discussion & Conclusions: In this study, family problems, history of depression, presence of peer group and friends, and being far away from family were the most important factors affecting social harm in students. Therefore, it is suggested to develop appropriate strategies to prevent the emergence of social harms.
 

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Introduction: Drug and psychotropic use have undesirable and devastating effects on the human body and soul that lead to an increase in family and social insecurity. Due to the difficulty of treatment, addiction prevention is always emphasized in the studies. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planning behavior on the prevention of psychotropic abuse among female high school students in Ilam, Iran, during 2018.
 
Materials & Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 120 students who were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups in the academic year of 2018-19. The data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior, which was used after the confirmation of validity and reliability at pretest and posttest. The educational content was designed based on the theory of planned behavior, and the outcome of the preliminary data was analyzed and administered in five sessions of intervention. The posttest was performed one month after the training, and the data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22) through the Shapiro-Wilk test, independent t-test, and paired t-test.
Ethics code: IR.IAU.SRB.REC.1397.022
 
Findings: The results of covariance analysis and paired t-test showed the significance of the educational intervention in raising the awareness about the behavior of students in Ilam regarding the prevention of psychotropic abuse at an error level of less than 1%. Moreover, the educational intervention was effective in promoting abstract norms and the behavioral intention of students in Ilam, Iran, regarding the prevention of psychotropic abuse at an error level of less than 1%.
 
Discussions & Conclusions: Educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior has effects on the prevention of psychoactive substance abuse in the intervention group. Therefore, it is recommended that education officials and other relevant institutions make use of educational techniques based on the behavior change patterns, life skills training, and student empowerment in order to prevent addiction.

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Introduction: CGRP and rCT are involved in descending pain control areas. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of intracerebroventricular administration (ICV) of CGRP and rCT on mRNA expression of CGRP and rCT peptides in the Periaqueductal Gray Area (PAG) of the diabetic rats in the formalin test.
Material & Methods: This study investigated 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats in four groups (n=6). To induce diabetes, streptozotocin at a dose of 45 mg/kg was used intraperitoneally. CGRP or rCT peptides at a dose of 1.5 nmol with a volume of 5 μl were ICV injected daily for seven days. Pain-related behaviors were recorded in the formalin test for up to 60 min in the study groups. The PAG was then removed to assess the changes made in the mRNA expression of the CGRP and rCT.
(Ethic code: INT2M129396)
Findings: ICV injection of CGRP or rCT in diabetic rats reduced pain in the acute and middle phases of the formalin test. In addition, ICV administration of CGRP increased CGRP mRNA expression in the PAG. However, ICV administration of rCT increased the mRNA expression of both CGRP and rCT peptides after seven days in the PAG.
Discussion & Conclusion: ICV injection of CGRP and rCT peptides reduced the pain of formalin injection in rats in the experimental model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, possibly by altering the mRNA expression of both peptides.
 

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