---

Introduction: Nowadays, bottled waters are used by people due to the belief in their quality, easy transportation as well as accessibility with a low cost in most places and stores. Therefore, this public tendency was surveyed at the present study in Ilam City. Materials & Methods: This was a descriptive-analytic study. First, the brands were determined and, then, the sampling was achieved accidentally. 6 brands were surveyed in general. Of each brand, 7 samples with different production dates from several parts of the city were collected. These samples were tested by total coliforms, fecal coliforms, nitrite and nitrate, hardness, pH and EC. Obtained results were analyzed by one way ANOVA test. Findings: None of the samples proved to carry microbial problems and other parameters (PH, EC, hardness, nitrite and nitrate) were on the standard ranges. Discussion & Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that the water quality of the measured samples, is healthful enough to be used for drinking.

---

Introduction: Crohn’s disease is a chronic and inflammatory abnormality. It causes inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. On the other hands celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by gluten sensitivity in genetically susceptible individuals. Zinc is an essential element that has important physiological roles in the body. The aim of this study was to compare the level of zinc in patients with celiac and crohn’s diseases. Materials & Methods: The level of zinc in patients with celiac and crohn’s diseases was estimated by atomic absorption spectrometry. In this study, data were analysed using MATLAB software version 6.5. Findings: The result of this study showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the level of zinc in celiac patients and crohn patients. Mean serum concentration of zinc in celiac and crohn’s patients was 71±6 μg/l of 70±6μg/l respectively. Discussion & Conclusion: Gastrointestinal diseases such as celiac and crohn’s diseases affect the zinc absorption in the small intestine. Thereby reducing the concentration of this element is not unexpected in people with both celiac and crohn’s diseases. Therefore, in order to accelerate the patient’s improvement and also to alleviate the symptoms in these patients, the administration of zinc supplements is recommended.

---

Introduction: Although cranial suture syn-ostosis as the leading cause of craniosyn-ostosis and its consequences is a relatively common disease in Iran, unfortunately there is no accurate statistics about the type and incidence of the disease in Iran. For the reason, the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and complications of cranios-ynostosis in Iran. Materials & Methods: Regarding to the fact that Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences is a referral center for surgical ma-nagement of craniosynostois, the patients who were referred to this center and under-gone into surgical treatment, between 1996-2011 were studied retrospectively. Findings: From 222 patients who unde-rgone into surgical reconstruction for cran-iosynostosis, the most common groups were plagiocephally (right and left) (37.61%), trigonocephally (37%), brachioc-ephally (20%) and scaphocephally (4.5%) groups, respectively. Discussion & Conclusion: Since the scaph-ocephalic patients who need surgical recon-struction, are appeared normal for general population and even for physicians, so their prevalence are underestimated.

---

Introduction: Physical and bodily activities could affect the quality of life in children. In the present study, we decided to evaluate the relationship between the quality of life and the amount of physical activity in chil-dren. With the research, it is possible to ide-ntify the interventional points for the mana-gement of the problem. Materials & Methods: The present rese-arch, was a cross sectional survey. A rand-om sample of female students aged 8-12 years were entered to the study. Sampling method was multistage. Sample size was estimated 384 students. The generic of Iran-ian-version of pediatric quality of life inve-ntory (PedsQL 4.0) was used to measure HRQOL. In addition, some questions about the level and amount of activity were asked. Statistical methods that we used were T-test and ANOVA. Findings: Totally, 366 female students we-re selected for the study. The mean of age was 10.37 years (SD=1.13 years). Mean of total score of quality of life was 84.45 (SD=10.16) .The lowest mean of total score of quality of life was 82.23(SD=15.73) for emotional function and the highest mean of total score of quality of life was 88.47 (SD=13.99) for social function. Relatio-nship between social functioning score and video games was significant (P=0.03). Discussion & Conclusion: Because of the long time that students spend for video games, reduced quality of life especially in the social and other functional affairs was evident. Therefore, more attention should be dedicated to this problem. Furthermore, structured programs and educational appro-aches for their parents are also needed.

---

Introduction: Importance and decisive role in various aspects of human life is no secret jobs, each job is associated with stress, but some jobs are very stressful, especially in the teaching profession, teaching in pre-school and kindergarten, including stressful jobs. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between personality type B, A component of burnout and job satisfaction of teachers kindergartens had Ilam city. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 100 cases of Ilam city kindergartens teachers, randomly selected from a population of 250 patients was performed. Maslach questionnaire Questionnaire Kendall Smith and Friedman Rvznmn questionnaire data were collected. Data were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression. Findings: The results showed that the character of B, A and components of job exhaustion, there is no correlation, but the correlation between job satisfaction components depersonalization (P <. /. 5) and personal growth (P <. /. 1) negative and significant. Multiple regression analysis also showed that based on personality factors, B, A, and job satisfaction, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization components can not be predicted. But based on the character of B, A and job satisfaction may be a component of personal growth (P <. /. 1) predicted. Conclusion: According to findings, concluded that personality factors, B, A, and job satisfaction, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization two components can not be predicted, but also can predict the components of personal growth. The results showed that job exhaustion (personal growth) and a high level of job satisfaction of teachers in kindergartens city of Ilam. Key words: job exhaustion, job satisfaction, personality types (A&B)

---

Introduction: Since esophageal varices ble-eding have highest mortality rate, the prog-nosis of the patients may be worsen if it is accompanied by other injuries. This study evaluated the esophageal varices synchro-nization with different lesions and their rel-ationship with the diameter of portal vein during endoscopy procedure. Materials & Methods: In this cross-secti-onal study, 123 patients who were admitted to gastrointestinal section of Imam Reza and Sina hospitals with esophageal varices underwent endoscopy procedure due to various reasons such as controlling the eso-phageal varices bleeding by ligation band during 2005-2009. The presence of simult-aneous gastric and duodenal lesions was evaluated by endoscopy. Portal vein diame-ter was measured by ultrasound and the re-sults were analyzed. Findings: Most of the patients (63.4%) had grade II varices followed by grade III (26%), grade I (7.3%) and grade IV (3.3%), respectively. The mean of portal vein dia-meter was 12.28±2.59 mm. No relationship was observed between the degree of esoph-ageal varices and portal vein diameter. Als-o, no correlation was seen between the end-oscopic findings appearance of esophagus, stomach or duodenum and portal vein size. Discussion & Conclusion: The results of this study showed that portal vein diameter is not a suitable criterion to evaluate the simultaneous presence of esophageal varic-es along with gastric and duodenal lesions. However, further studies are needed to confirm this finding.

---

Introduction: Patellofemoral pain syndrome, cause disturbance in pain and performance. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of core stabilization muscles of the trunk with a quadriceps muscle strengthening on pain and functional disability in patients with Patellofemoral pain syndrome.
 
Materials and methods: Among 43 man patients with Patellofemoral pain syndrome, twenty two men were selected and randomly divided into two groups: experimental group 1 (n=11) and experimental group 2 (n=11) respectively. Group 1 participated in strengthing core stability exercises, while group 2 underwent quadriceps strengthening in the same period. Before and after training, pain and performance assessed using a pain scale and a function questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by paired t-test and independent t-test.
 
Findings: Both groups showed significant differences between pre and post-intervention conditions regarding the VAS, and WOMAC values (P<0/05). Data comparison between the two groups in pain scale VAS and function scale WOMAC showed significant difference before and after the training period, so the rate of healing in group 1 was higher than that of Group 2.
 
Disussion & conclusions: After exercise, groups showed a reduction in pain and improvement in performance. Core stability trainings can increase pelvise stability and prevent frmur adduction and internal rotation. So the results show that exercise was more effective in group 1 than group 2, so it is recommended to exercise therapists in the treatment of patients with Patellofemoral pain syndrome in addition to strengthening the quadriceps muscles use the core stability trainings.
 
 

---

Introduction: The scapula movement control disorder is an important factor in the incidence of upper limb abnormalities that influences sensory-motor control. There is a dearth of research on the persistence effects of training exercises. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the persistence effects (after six months) of two exercises controlling the scapula and corrective movements on neck pain and angle of head among males with forward head.
 
Materials & Methods: In total, 20 males with forward head disorder who referred to Science and Movement Center in Ilam were selected in this city. The patients were randomly divided into experimental (n=10, age=35.13±3.12, height=177±1.12, weight=63.10±3.28) and control (n=10, age=36.11±1.75, height=179±1.64, weight=62.12±4.12) groups. The experimental group was subjected to exercise training program three times a week for eight weeks. The program included exercises controlling the movements of the scapula with the emphasis on the maintenance of correct posture, prevention of compensatory motor patterns and providing motion feedback to improve the coordination of the shoulder joint with the shoulder belt assembly. The control group performed their normal corrective exercises focusing on strengthening weakened muscles and stretching shortened muscles. Side scapular movements, neck pain, and forward head angles were measured using side scapular movement test, visual analog scale, and digital goniometer before and after the treatment. Moreover, pre-training tests were repeated after six months. Data analysis was performed using repeated measure variance.
 
Findings: The results showed that the effects of training after six months on the neck pain and the angle of forward head variables were more significant in the scapula control training group, compared to the corrective exercise group (P‌=0.001). Moreover, the results indicated that controlling scapula movement training can reduce side scapular movements (0-degree, P=0.01, 45-degree P=0.01, 90-degree P=0.012), neck pain (P=0.018) and the angle of forward head (P=0.019).
 
Discussion & Conclusions: Due to the better persistence effects of exercise controlling the scapula movements, this method can be used to reduce neck pain and angle of forward head in people with forward head complications.
 

---

Introduction: Sperm fertilization depends on different factors, such as sperm count, motility and morphology. Ferollago angulata has many antioxidant compounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract Ferollago angulata on some semen indices and serum testosterone level in male rats.
 
Materials & Methods:This experimental study was carried out on 28 Wistar rats which were divided into 4 groups: one control, and three experimental groups treated with different doses of  Ferulago angulata extract (i.e.,100, 200 and 400mg/kg) .The extract injection was  administered intraperitoneally  for 21 days . Serum testosterone level, final body weight, testis weight and Sperm parameters including, morphology, Sperm count, high motility and viability were assayed at the end of study. The data were analyzed by one‐way ANOVA test and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
 
Findings: Our results showed  sperm parameters, including morphology, count, motility and viability of  male rats increased at 200 and 400 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of Ferulago angulata (P<0.001). Testis weight and Serum testosterone level increased at 400 mg/kg of Ferulago angulata extract (P<0.001).
 
Discussion & Conclusions: Antioxidant compounds in Ferulago angulata improved the quality of sperm and fertility.
 
 

---

Introduction: The location of sanitary landfills is one of the most important environmental issues in cities. If the design of landfills is not appropriate, it will threaten human health. This study aimed to detect a suitable location for a landfill in Ilam, Iran.
 
Materials & Methods: A questionnaire and consultation with experts were used to conduct the research. For this purpose, three main criteria of the environment (e.g., vegetation, surface water resources, and habitats of animal species), hydrology (e.g., groundwater depth, and distance from springs, wells, as well as aqueducts), and access roads/population centers (e.g., distance from protected areas, the prevailing wind direction, and distance from the main roads) were considered in this study. The data were then weighted based on Analytic Network Process, and Super Decision software was used to integrate the information layers. Subsequently, based on the studied criteria and sub-criteria, four areas were proposed for waste disposal in Ilam. Finally, based on the weight and ranking of criteria, their coefficient, and the paired comparison matrix tables, the most appropriate option was selected for landfilling.
 
Findings: According to the results, location 1 with a weight of 0.419 and a consistency ratio of 0.05 is the most suitable place for landfilling in Ilam among the four selected options.
 
Discussions & Conclusions: The results showed that Super Decision software has a good ability to locate the landfill.

---

Introduction: Today, cancer is one of the health concerns in modern societies. The use of nanoparticles in diagnosis, drug delivery, imaging, and cancer treatment has received much attention in medical sciences.   The most important problem when treating cancer with chemotherapy is the lack of access to the central parts of the mass due to its less blood supply. This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles coated with biopolymer chitosan/alginate on melanoma cancer cells (Hep G2 cells).
Material & Methods: In this research, magnetic iron nanoparticles were coated with two biopolymers, namely chitosan and alginate. The size and surface morphology of these nanoparticles were checked by size measuring device and scanning electron microscope. Moreover, the binding of functional groups of chitosan and alginate to iron magnetic nanoparticles was checked by an infrared spectrometer. In this study, magnetic iron nanoparticles and modified nanoparticles were treated for 24 hours and the IC₅₀ concentration of the compounds was estimated. The toxic properties of these nanoparticles were evaluated by MTT test and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining.
Findings: After examining the photos of the scanning electron microscope and the size measuring device, the size of 50 nanometers was shown for the modified iron nanoparticles, and the shape of these nanoparticles was observed to be completely round and spherical.
Discussion & Conclusion: The findings from the investigations of binanoparticles definitely confirmed the effective coating of nanoparticles by chitosan and alginate biopolymers. Furthermore, the findings showed that magnetic iron nanoparticles had higher toxic effects depending on the concentration and their IC50 concentration was about 134 µM/ml, while the coated nanoparticles had significantly lower toxic effects and did not have significant toxicity on Hep G2 cells at concentrations below 25 μM/ml. The coating of iron oxy nanoparticles significantly reduces their toxicity concentration.