---

Introduction: Copper (Cu) is one of the most important heavy metals. Regarding to Cu importance and applications of this metal in medicine and industry, investigation of its impact on human life and disorders in different vital parameters would be necessary. This study investigates the toxicity impact of Cu on serum parameters related to renal function.
Materials & methods: Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups. Copper chloride was daily injected to rats with amounts of 0.5 cc, 0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg of normal saline for control group intraperitoneally for three weeks. Then, Serum parameters of renal function (sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine and protein) were measured.
Findings: Exposure to copper chloride reduces the level of urea, sodium and protein and increases serum creatinine and potassium levels than the control group significantly. These impacts were dose-dependent as the amount of 1.5 mg / kg of copper chloride, created poisoning from this element has increased.
 Disscusion & Conclusion: The findings of this study show that following the exposure with copper chloride, kidney function is impaired. Since copper has an important role in body function, more attention should be paid to this metal.

---

Introduction: Nowadays, different solvents are used to extract plant antioxidants. Each solvent has a special ability to extract antioxidants materials. Accordingly, in this research, some medicinal herbs were collected from different vegetation zones of Iran and evaluated based on the majority of useful solvents. The best solvent for the extraction of antioxidants can be identified and used to determine the best herbal medicine.
 
Materials & Methods: In order to investigate the type of solvent extraction on the amount of antioxidant material of some indigenous medicinal plants of different regions of Iran such as Mentha asiatica, Ziziphora persica, Otostegia persica, Crocus sativus, Achillea millefolium, Mentha longifolia, Hyssopus officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Fumaria officinalis and Teucrium polium, were done the experiment in The factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications. DPPH was used to measure antioxidant activity.
 
Findings: Results showed that the extract (hydro, hydroalcoholic, acetone and methanolic) and the interaction of extract and plant on antioxidant properties had a different effect on phenol and flavonoid content (P<0.05). The highest flavonoids in the aqueous extract (87.6 mg/gDW), hydroalcoholic (147.48 mg/gDW), methanolic (277.48 mg/gDW) and acetone (171.98 mg/gDW) and also, the highest amount of phenol in aqueous extracts (15.33 mg / gDW), hydroalcoholic (20.18 mg/gDW), methanolic (51.47 mg/gDW) and acetone (31.59 mg/gDW) were found the Achillea millefolium from Ilam. The highest antioxidant activity based on DPPH test in aqueous extract (8.29% at a concentration of 16 μg/ml) belonged to the Achillea millefolium from Ilam, In hydroalcoholic extract (34.49% at a concentration of 64 μg/ml) was belonged to Mentha asiatica in Kashmar and then Achillea millefolium in Ilam, In the extract of Estonia (62.009% at a concentration of 64 μg/ml) was belonged to Mentha asiatica of Kashmar and then Teucrium polium of Kashmar and Achillea millefolium of Ilam, Finally, in the methanolic extract (95.633% at a concentration of 16 μg/ml), was belonged to the Achillea millefolium of Ilam.
 
Discussion &Conclusions: In general, the results of this study showed that the most important solvent for the extraction of phenolic substances and the evaluation of oxidative properties was a methanol solution and the most effective plant with more substances and antioxidant activities were Achillea millefolium from Ilam region.

---

Introduction: In addition to stroke predisposing factors, stressors due to stroke complications such as speech disorders, paresis and limb plague, and stress due to hospitalization, inability to perform daily activities cause physiological changes in stroke patients. Lifestyle and use of complementary medicine can control physiological parameters in these patients. In this study, the effect of Swedish massage on physiological parameters in stroke patients has been investigated.
 
Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 45 ischemic stroke patients in ICU, internal medicine and neurology wards of Imam Reza and Shahid Fayyaz Bakhsh hospitals affiliated to the organization duri-ng 2019 and 2020.m Tehran Social Security was hospitalized. The subjects were mass-aged in the back for 15 minutes during three consecutive days for 15 to 17 hours, and the physiological parameters were ten minutes before the massage and ten minutes after the Swedish massage. Data collection in this research was demographic question-nnaire and physiological list, in order to analyze data from statistical tables, graphs, statistical indicators, tests such as tests tPa-irs of software SPSSUsed with version 2.
Ethics code: IR.IAU.PS.REC.1398.199
 
Findings: The results of statistical analysis showed that the mean systolic blood pressure on the first, second and third day ten minutes after the Swedish massage were equal (122.98± 15.61Mm of mercury, (118.24 ±15.29) MmHg (119.18±13.46) Mm Hg and mean diastolic blood pressure ten minutes of Swedish massage on three consecutive days, respecti-vely (66.60 ±10.35(Mm Hg)65.09 ± 10.63) Mm Hg (69.44 ±10.22) Mm of mercury).Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the data before and after massage.
 
between the data before and after massage The following results were obtained for the mean percentage of arterial blood oxygen concentration in three consecutive days after massage (95.93±1.91), (97.20±1.49) And (97.42 ±1.39) That there was a statis-tically significant difference in mean body temperature after three consecutive days of Swedish massage, respectively)37.19 ± 0.34) (37.80 ±5.41 And (37.16 ±0.38(Was not significantly different despite the decrease in the mean.
 
Discussion & Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicate the positive effect of Swedish massage on systolic and diastolic blood pressure, decrease in pulse rate and increase in arterial blood oxygen percentage in ischemic stroke patients, but according to the findings, the effect of intervention on body temperature was not noticeable.