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Introduction: Distal radius fracture is one of the most common traumatic injuries of all ages. The majority of the complications are related to intra-articular fracture. Among the main treatments, one can name closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation. The present study aimed to compare the complications and outcomes of using these treatments in patients with unstable distal radius fractures.
 
Materials & Methods: This prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients between the ages of 18 and 65 with closed and intra-articular fractures of the distal radius who referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol, Iran, during spring 2014 and summer 2015. It should be noted that the patients were candidates for fixation surgery, and they were randomly assigned into two groups (n=25) based on the type of fracture, age, and gender. Subsequently, group 1 underwent surgery using 4 pin Trans radioulnar and group 2 was treated with a three cross pin method. The radial length and inclination,Volar tilt, and Ulnar Variance were determined and compared after surgery and at 6, 12, and 24 weeks post-surgery. Ethics code: MUBABOL.HRI.REC.1394.125. Clinical Trial: IRCT2016112727797N1.
 
Findings: There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding radiographic changes. Moreover, no significant difference was observed between the studied variables in terms of surgery complications.
 
Discussion & Conclusions: This study showed no difference between the treatment methods (i.e., three cross pin and 4 pin trans-radioulnar) regarding radiographic criteria and surgery complications.
 

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Introduction: Box jellyfish stings are painful and may be life-threatening. The venom of Chironex fleckeri contains a variety of bioactive proteins as well as two of the most abundant proteins, namely CfTX-1 and CfTX-2 which cannot be isolated easily using electrophoresis or chromatography techniques. Recombinant expression technology may offer an alternative to the isolation of native C.fleckeri venom protein. This study aimed at expressing C-CfTX1-STxB protein in Escherichia coli and assessing its antigenicity in Syrian mice.
 
Materials & Methods: Synthesis of the artificial CfTX1complete gene was prepared in plasmid pUC57. The C-cftx1 was cloned using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subcloned with BamHI and SalI restriction enzyme sites in pET28a-stxB expression vector and transformed into E.coli. Gene expression was artificially induced by Isopropyl β- d-1-thiogalactopyranoside. After the purification of the protein and its injection into the Syrian mice, the amount of produced antibody was measured in the serum. The rats were also challenged by the venom of the jellyfish (i.e., Rhopilema nomadic).
 
Findings: In this experimental study, the C-CfTX1-STxB gene was cloned in the expression vector pET28a (+), sequenced by PCR, and analyzed by enzymatic analysis. Moreover, the produced recombinant protein was confirmed by Western blotting. The produced antibody in the serum was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
 
Discussion & Conclusions: After 60 days, the immunized mice tolerated 50x LD50 of jellyfish venom. Considering the ineffectiveness of cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity of the recombinant protein, this produced protein can be suggested as a jellyfish venom vaccine candidate in Syrian mice or at a later stage of a clinical trial in humans.

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Introduction: Brucellosis is a health problem that annually causes enormous economic and health damage to society. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an educational program on knowledge, attitude, and preventive behaviors of brucellosis in Holilan, Chardavol, Iran, to reduce the incidence of this disease.
 
Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design. The study population included 209 cases who referred to the health centers in Holilan, Iran. The participants were selected randomly. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire to measure knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behaviors of brucellosis among the participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version16) through the paired t-test and Chi-square test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
 
Findings: The mean age of the participants was 28.5±7.3 years, 66.5% of whom were female. There was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest regarding the mean scores of knowledge (P=0.001), attitude (P=0.025), and preventive behaviors (P=0.001).
 
Discussion & Conclusions: The study showed the positive effect of the educational program on the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of the participants regarding brucellosis prevention.

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Introduction: CGRP and rCT are involved in descending pain control areas. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of intracerebroventricular administration (ICV) of CGRP and rCT on mRNA expression of CGRP and rCT peptides in the Periaqueductal Gray Area (PAG) of the diabetic rats in the formalin test.
Material & Methods: This study investigated 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats in four groups (n=6). To induce diabetes, streptozotocin at a dose of 45 mg/kg was used intraperitoneally. CGRP or rCT peptides at a dose of 1.5 nmol with a volume of 5 μl were ICV injected daily for seven days. Pain-related behaviors were recorded in the formalin test for up to 60 min in the study groups. The PAG was then removed to assess the changes made in the mRNA expression of the CGRP and rCT.
(Ethic code: INT2M129396)
Findings: ICV injection of CGRP or rCT in diabetic rats reduced pain in the acute and middle phases of the formalin test. In addition, ICV administration of CGRP increased CGRP mRNA expression in the PAG. However, ICV administration of rCT increased the mRNA expression of both CGRP and rCT peptides after seven days in the PAG.
Discussion & Conclusion: ICV injection of CGRP and rCT peptides reduced the pain of formalin injection in rats in the experimental model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, possibly by altering the mRNA expression of both peptides.
 

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