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Introduction: Nowadays, cancer is the second cause of mortality in the world and among its variants the most common cancer in women is the breast cancer. One of the methods for cancer treatment is radioth-erapy, in which to enhance the efficiency of radiation therapy some of radio sensitizer can be used for enhancing tumor cell radiosensitivity. Some nanopa-rticles can be considered as a sensitizer because they enhance the cytotoxicity due to oxidative stress and increase the free radicals, especially reactive oxygen species (ROS), within cells resulting in cell death. In this study, elevated synergistic effect of TiO2 nanoparticles as radiosensitizer was evaluated in presence of cobalt-60 gamma rays on human breast cancer cell line. Materials & Methods: After cell culture, the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7 cells) was exposed to 2 Gy of radiation and 30 µg/ml concentration of the aforementioned nanoparticles. Viability was calculated using (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) MTT assay. Findings: Viability of cells in presence of gamma radiation and the nanoparticles, sig-nificantly reduced compared to the viability of cells exposed only to radiation or nano-particle, alone. The effect may dependent on nanoparticle crystals type and conce-ntration. Discussion & Conclusion: Nano-TiO2 inc-reased sensitivity of breast cancer cells to gamma radiation, due to an increase in ROS production and cytotoxicity. Anatase crystals have more severe effects than rutile crystal because of having a larger surface area and creation of more free radicals. Therefore, this nanoparticle has the potent-ial to be used as a radiosensitizer.

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Introduction: Nowadays, cancer is the second cause of mortality in the world. Gastric cancer has a high mortality rate (about 70%) which is more common in men and has a higher incidence in eastern Asian countries. One of the methods for cancer treatment is radiotherapy, in which to enhance the efficiency of radiation therapy some of radio-sensitizer agents can be used to enhance tumor cell radiosensitivity. Some nanoparticles can be considered as a sensitizer because of enhancing the cytotoxicity to oxidative stress and increasing free radicals especially ROS within cells, resulting to cell death. In this study, synergistic effect of TiO2 nanoparticles as a radio-sensitizer agent was evaluated in the presence of cobalt-60 gamma rays on human gastric cancer cell line. Materials and Methods: After cell culture, MKN-45 cells were exposed to 2 Gy of radiation and 30 µg/ml concentration of nanoparticles. Viability was calculated using MTT assay. Findings: Exposing cultured cells to nanoparticles alone resulted to a mean decrease of 70% in cell survival. Viability of cells in presence of gamma radiation and nanoparticles was significantly reduced compared to the viability of cells exposed only to radiation or nanoparticle, alone. The effect was dependent both on the nanoparticle crystal type and concentration. Discussion & Conclusion: Nano-TiO2 increased the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to gamma radiation, due to an increase in the ROS production and cytotoxicity. Anatase crystals have more severe effects than rutile crystal because of having a larger surface area and creation of more free radicals. Therefore, this nanoparticle has the potential to be used as a radio-sensitizer.

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Abstract Objective: One of the most impact of rodent`s study is the capability of disease transmitting to human. Rodents are the reservoirs for the assortment of zoonotic infections. Material and method: In this study 108 rats were collected, using wire traps, between autumn 2010 till summer 2011 from Dezfoul and Andimeshk Khuzestan province, Iran. Worms were identified following the precise dissection which has been performed in laboratory of Parasitology, school of public health, Tehran University of medical sciences, Iran. Result: Amongst 108 captured rats, 38 rats were found infected with parasitic worms . In the midst of 38 infected rats 6 mix infections were seen, According to the above results, the prevalence of parasitic infection in collected rats were 35.1%. Seven recognized species were Trichosomoides crassicauda (13.8%), Hymenolepis diminuta (10.1%), Cystycercus fasciolaris(7.4%),Richtolaria ratti(2.7%), Moniliformis moniliformis (2.7%) and Hymenolepis nana (1.8%) and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (1.8%) Discussion& Conclusion: According to this study`s outcome 5 species ,H.nana ,H.diminuta, M.moniliformis, Richtolaria ratti and C.fasciolaris , have been reported as parasitic zoonoses worms which possess the ability of human infecting due to literature review. M.moniliformis and H,diminuta that exist in the list above require an arthropod intermediate hosts in favour of infecting definitive hosts including human. Flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum) as a grains pests is a well-known exemplary which can illustrate the importance of food sanitation.

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Background: Emotional facial expression from recognition disability may represent specific deficits at social function in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of the current study is to comparison of emotion facial expression from recognition in schizophrenia: paranoid, disorganized and control people. Method: Method of the current research is cause-comparative. The sample of this study included 60 patients with schizophrenia (30 persons of paranoid and 30 persons of disorganized) and 30 persons of control, who were selected from available sampling method. For data collection the emotion facial expression from recognition test have been used. For analyzing data multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and LSD as post hoc test have been used. Results: Results showed significant differences among three groups in happy, sad, surprise, angry and disgust emotions facial expression from recognition (P<0/05) and people with schizophrenia have deficits in upon emotions facial expression from recognition. Also, people with paranoid schizophrenia the better the performance of than people with disorganized schizophrenia in sad and surprise emotions facial expression from recognition were. Conclusion: Defect in emotion facial expression from recognition in schizophrenic patient is deeper than control persons, also these defects in disorganized patient were more prominent than paranoid patient. The results of this study have important implications in the field of treatment and follow-up in schizophrenia.

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Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (Cytome-galovirus: CMV) infection is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients who are the candidate for liver transplant. Serological monitoring of individuals rece-iving and giving the liver transplant is necessary for prevention, early diagnosis and treatment strategies and reducing the prevalence of infection. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of CMV serology in pediatric candidates for liver transplantation in Namazi Hospital of Shiraz. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out on the serological data collected from 98 child patients less than 18 years old who had referred to the Namazi Hospital of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and were candidates for liver transplantation during 2006-2009. The serological parameters, IgM and IgG CMV were determined by im-munoassay methods. Findings: Of 98 child patients, 58 were male and 40 were female. Their most com-mon symptoms were jaundice and ascites. The most underlying diseases leading to liver transplantation were cryptogenic cirr-hosis, duct bile atresia and tyrosinemia. Percentages of candidate children of liver transplant with positive IgM and IgG CMV were 9.92% and 3.17%, respectively and that of candidate children with negative IgM and IgG CMV were 1.7% and 7.82, respectively. The positive serology along with the high prevalence of the disease had been caused that the high risk patients (the positive donor and negative receptor gro-ups) comprised a lesser percentage of our patients because the transplant receptors with negative serology were only 7.1%. Discussion & Conclusion: The high preva-lence of positive CMV amongst candidates for liver transplantation confirmed the need for appropriate and continuous programs to prevent the side effects of the infection through early diagnosis and treatment. Th-ese measures are essential to have a positive outcome in candidate patients for liver tran-splantation.

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Abstract Introduction: poly chlorinated biphenyls (PCB ) are occupational and environmental pollutants and hazardous organic compounds that have created major environmental and occupational challenge. PCB compounds are caused the different health effects in human depending of sex, age, route of entry, intensity and frequency exposure. This study was conducted to determine the effect of microwave rays, hydrogen peroxide, TiO2, catalyst and ethanol on the composition of PCB in order to reduce occupational hazards. Materials &Methods: In this experiment used a MW oven, Pyrex vessel reactor (250ml volume), Pyrex tube connector and condensing system. A hole was pierced on the top portion of the oven and the Pyrex vessel reactor was connected with the Pyrex tube connector . Ray powers used in 540, 720 and 900W. pH and temperature was continuously monitored. The experiments were repeated three times. The PCB were analyzed by GC-ECD and spss version 16 software package was used for statistical analysis. Findings: The degradation of total PCB in terms of 540,720 and 900W was 83.85, 88.89 and 96.33% respectively. The degradation of total PCB in terms of ratio to solvent with oil transformer in 1:1، 2:1 and 3:1 was 54.19، 79.16 and 95.07% respectively. The degradation of total PCB in terms of not using of / and using 10% of and 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2g was 70.72, 89.43, 90.40, 91.59and 93.21% respectively. The degradation of total PCB in terms of not using / and using 20% of and 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 g was 70.72, 94, 95.07, 96.33 and 97.17% respectively. Discussion&Conclusion: The results of this experiments showed that using microwave Rays,H2O2 oxidant and TiO2 catalyst lead to a degradation efficiency of PCBs only in the presence of ethanol. Increasing the concentration of ethanol and H2O2 and also amount of TiO2 should increase the generation rate of hydroxyl radical and thus the oxidation and dechlorination of the PCBs.

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A Comparison of Housedhold Size Among Emploed Women and Homemakers (Ilam Sample) Abstract: Introduction:The Current research tries to question if there is a difference is between household dimension among employed and housekeeping women of Ilam City. To In answer this question, firstly using a theoretical system including wise selection theories and cost and benefit, we tried to theoretically explain the problem and then theoretical claims were empirically analyzed. Materials and Methods: Research method is experimental and the statistic population includes all employed women in Medical Science University of Ilam City and The control group includes all housekeeping women of Ilam City during 2013 (1392 Hijri Shamsi) year. In experimental group, systematic random sampling method was used in the control group, multiple-stage clustering method was utilized and based on Cochran formula samples of 500 were determined for each group. Then required information was collected by questionnaire. Findings: Findings of this research show that there is a difference between job precedents variables (gender of their children, employment status of employed women, and their age, education and household dimension) of employed women. But there is not a meaningful difference between employed women and household dimension. Accordingly household dimension has less score among household with less employed woman than households with household women but the type of job has no effect in decreasing or increasing the household dimension. Discussion and Conclusion: If we consider employed women as a huge part of the society it can be concluded that this important part of the society which grows daily does have a less household dimension with respect to housekeeping group. According to this result, as long as future population policies focus on reduction of country's population, expanding the employment market for women is necessary otherwise financial supports for employed women for assuring the childbearing is inevitable. Keywords: household dimension, household, employed women, women education, comparison of household dimension.

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Cognitive emotion regulation strategies in processing suicidal thoughts Abstract Background: Suicide as a major issue is considered in teens and young, because have been reported the second or fourth most common cause of death in this age group. This study examined coping-emotional in suicidal thoughts and attempts. Method: The research of multi-stage cluster sampling to select the sample was used. All students at would be Khurazmi population. The sample size was 250(n = 101 male students and 149 female students). Instruments included the short form of emotional and cognitive regulation questionnaire and suicidal ideas Questionnaire. The data is performed in order to analyze the results of stepwise, regression is used. Results: Results show the high correlation of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and the idea of suicide ideation. Also compatible strategies for coping with suicidal ideas were correlates and according to awareness of their emotion, this correlation varies. Conclusions: The findings of this study show that none of the emotional strategies singly anticipate suicidal ideation. But the individual understanding and control of emotions, can predict suicidal ideas. Thus, training programs, educational and emotional healing must pay attention to recognize cognitive emotion to the prevention of suicidal ideas.

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Introduction: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) make some bacteria resistance to broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Mashhad and to detect CTX-M type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase among them. Materials and Methods: Clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from different samples (wound, urine, ear, lung, peritoneal fluid and other body fluids) of hospitalized patients in Mashhad in 2013. The antibiotic susceptibility was examined by disc diffusion method and Kirby-Bauer standards. The frequency of ESBL producing strains was determined via the combined disk method. After DNA extraction, the existence of blaCTX-M gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. Findings: All isolates were resistance to ceftizoxime, cefoxitin and oxacillin. Resistance to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, piperacillin and co- trimoxazole was 45.31%, 48.44%, 45.31%, 43.75 and 98.44%, respectively. A large percentage of ESBL-producing isolates compared with ESBL-non producers were resistant to co-trimoxazole, gentamicin, and piperacillin and the difference for gentamicin was significant. Out of 64 clinical isolated bacteria, 8 (12.5%) isolates were beta- lactamase producers and none of them were positive for blaCTX-M type ESBL. Discussion and Conclusions: Results of this study showed that however resistance of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa to beta-lactam antibiotics was high in our community, but this resistance was not related to prevalence of blaCTX-M gene among isolated strains. Antibiotic resistance among these isolates could be associated with other types of beta-lactamases.

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Introduction: In the last years, the usage of electromagnetic fields (EMF) has anoma-lously increased in human life. In according to statistics, there are over than 4 billions of mobile phone subscribers in 2012. So performing the extensive researches is a necessity to investigate and evaluate the biological effects of electromagnetic vawes. Materials & Methods: Laboratory studies about the effects of waves on biological tissues in controlled laboratory situations, are devided into three groups: human stu-dies, in-vivo studies and in-vitro studies. In the last years, designing of radiancy syst-ems for laboratory studies has been improved considerably. Findings: The main goal of this study wass investigating on design and structure of radiation in in vivo studies of electro-magnetic waves. According to published articles in valid scientific jornals during 10 past years, 33 radiation rooms have been designed for in-vivo studies. The main goal of these systems is producing electromag-netic waves, regarding to the subject, which includes all of radiation parameters and high diversity in time and location. Discussion & Conclusion: The purpose of in-vivo studies is to exposure all kinds of animals by electromagnetic waves. The research realm includes behavioral studies to long-term adventures. In these studies, toxicology procedures are used to study different risk factots. The radiation room should be designed in a way that would be included all biological and electromagnetic aspects.

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Introduction: In this study, the effects of radiation scattering on quality of SPECT images acquired by Fan beam collimator have been quantitatively evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation. Materials & Methods: MCNP4C Monte Carlo code was used to simulate the imaging system. In order to evaluate the effects of radiation scattering on image quality, a water phantom was used. Line Spread Function (LSF) and Modulated Transfer Function (MTF) in presence and absence of this scattering Media were measured and compared with each other. Findings: The maximum difference between FWHM of LSF in presence and absence of scattering media was equal to 4%, while this difference for FWTM was13%. The maximum difference between spatial freq-uency at one-tenth of MTF’s maximum in presence and absence of scattering media was less than 2%, while this difference for spatial frequency at nine-tenth of MTF’s maximum was equal to 30%. Discussion & Conclusion: Regarding to the obtained results, it can be concluded that the radiation scattering considerably affects the image clarification, but its impact on image spatial resolution is negligible. In addition, the effects of radiation scattering are more evident in spatial frequency space.

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Introduction: Healthy nutrition is an important preventive measure for Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to evaluate the association of Healthy Eating Index(HEI) with MetS.
 Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among 420 Isfahani female nurses, selected by a multistage cluster random sampling method. Usual dietary intakes were assessed using a validated 106-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). HEI was calculated according to the consumption of vegetables, fruits, nuts and grains, the ratio of white to red meat, dietary fiber and the ratio of unsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid. Anthropometric (weight, height, BMI, WHR), biochemical measurements (Fasting blood glucose, TG, LDL-c, HDL-c) and blood pressure were collected. MetS was defined according to ATP III.
Findings: After adjustment for potential confounders including age, energy intake and BMI, individuals in the highest tertile of HEI were 91% lower odds of the MetS, compared to those in the lowest tertile (OR:0/09 95%CI 0/01-0/60). Women in the highest tertile of HEI were 89% less risk of hypertriglyceridemia (OR:0/11 95%CI 0/09-0/89) and 87% less risk for hypertension (OR:0/13 95%CI 0/08-0/66). There was no significant association between HEI score and risk of enlarged waist circumference (Pvalue=0/64), abnormal glucose homeostasis (Pvalue=0/64) and low HDL-C levels (Pvalue=0/94).
 Discussion & Conclusion: The results indicated there might be a significant inverse association between HEI and MetS and some of its components. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

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Introduction: The spiritual health is one of the most important aspects of human health. Overall, spiritual health is determined with stability characteristics of life, coordination, feeling close relationship with God, society and environment. Spiritual health during aging is important since elderly people are very vulnerable and sensitive. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between spiritual healths of elderly people with depression in Ahvaz retired oil industry.
 Materials & methods: This study is cross-sectional and correlational. 200 elderly of Ahvaz retired oil industry were selected by using simple sampling method. Spiritual well-being (SWB) questionnaire was used to spiritual health assessment and depression questionnaire (GDS) was used to depression assessmentand. SPSS 16 software was used and results were analyzed by using multivariate analysis of variance and regression.
Findings: Results showed that average age was 65±4. In terms of education the highest frequency was seen among group less than diploma with 44%. The average score for spiritual health was 105± 13.8 and for depression was 4.35±4.2. Spiritual health for most of participant was at a high level (36/54%), then in the middle (53/45). there is a significant negative relationship between depression and spiritual health of aging (p = 0.0001).
 Conclusion & Discussion: The results of this study showed that there are a significant relationship between depression and spiritual health during ageing and notify to spiritual health is very helpful to reduce psychological problems.

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Introduction: Increasing prevalence of HIV/AIDS in our country, as well as reported cases of recurrence and treatment failure among patients with tuberculosis in Hamadan province, the need for studies to determine the primary and secondary drug resistance of TB among TB patients is essential. There for this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of primary and secondary drug resistance of TB among TB patients were smear positive pulmonary in province in 2013.

Materials & methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during 2013 in the province. All smear positive TB patients with positive sputum culture were studied by antibiogram. And drug resistance to rifampin, isoniazid, streptomycin and ethambutol were studied. 

Findings: From 51 smear positive patients, 34 patients were studied for primary drug resistance. One of them was resistant to isoniazid. and another was resistant to rifampin and isoniazid simultaneously (MDR-TB). From 10 cases were studied for secondary resistance a patient was resistant to rifampin.

Discussion & Conclusion: Primary and secondary drug resistance, either as MDR-TB and mono-drug in patients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis Hamadan there. Identification and treatment of TB patients full and timely is important to prevent the spread of disease. Follow the instructions state that administration of anti-TB correctly, Correct and appropriate and full treatment regime directly supervised by a trained and interested observer is the most basic way to prevent drug-resistant of TB in the community. 

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Introduction: Magnetic nanoparticles are as nanoscale materials causing a great revolution in the diagnosis and treatment methods in medical science. Suitable half-life of the In-111 radioisotope makes use for in vivo studies. In this study, in order to obtain optimal absorption and stability the first synthesis of the silicate magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂) and stabilization of the In-111 radioisotope were investigated. Then, the permeability was examined in SKBR3 breast cancer cell line for using the diagnosis of diseases.

Materials & methods: The magnetite core was prepared by precipitation method. Then it was used as the core for the synthesis of magnetic silicate nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were synthesized according to sol-gel method in the reverse micro emulsion using tetraetoxy silane (TEOS) and 3-amino propyl tree-ataxia silane (APTS) as the monomers and precursors. Then the In-111 radioisotope adsorbed on the surface of the magnetite silicate nanoparticles and formed the radio-conjugated. Finally, the entry of the radio-conjugated nanoparticles on SKBR-3, breast cancer cell line, is studied through the cell culture.

Findings: TEM results were shown the average size of the nanoparticles about 40 NM. The size is suitable for biological applications. The radio-analysis revealed more than 92 percent of the primary In-111stablized on the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles cell culture results are revealed the highest entrance efficiency about 26-27%- during the first hour from beginning the cultivation. The stability tests results revealed the stabilized radio-conjugated are stable during of washing and scattering and then considered as stable conjugation.

Discussion & Conclusions: Due to the unique properties of In-111the mentioned nanoparticles, which are prepared using nano biotechnological methods would be able to apply for diagnosis purposes.

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Introduction: Tuberculosis is an acute or chronic necrotizing infection which involves various organs of the body especially the lungs. Identifying the determinants of outcome in these patients is important; therefore, this study was conducted to study the relationship between the degree of sputum smear -positive patients on treatment outcome.

Materials & methods: This study was done on 465 pulmonary tuberculosis patients with smear-positive during the years of 2005 to 2013 and they were identified in Hamadan province. By using descriptive statistics the distribution of status of sputum positive at the beginning of treatment was determined. Chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between sputum smear status of patients and treatment outcome. Data were analyzed using Stata vol 12.

Findings: As total of 465 patients, 51.61% were male and 59.14% of them were living in urban areas. 41.94 % of patients with sputum smear 3+ were identified at the beginning of treatment. 10.32 % of patients eventually died and at 4.3 % of them had treatment failure. Relation between basil level at the beginning of treatment with a therapeutic relationship was relatively significant (P = 0.06).

Discussion & Conclusions: There is relation between level of basil at beginning of treatment and treatment outcome. So that the improvement rate in low- Basil in sputum smear is higher and on the other hand death and treatment failure is higher in high basil in sputum smear patients.

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Introduction: There were many conflicts about involvement of Internet addiction in fifth version of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders (DSM-V). As personality characteristics are one of the risk factors of risky behaviors, this study have investigated the role of neurobehavioral factors of personality in Internet addiction.

Materials & Methods: This study is a correlational study. For this procedure, among all students of Kharazmi university of Tehran, 359 participants (196 male and 163 female) were selected through Multi-stage cluster sampling. They answered Jackson-5 scale and Young’s Internet addiction test. Data were analyzed by stepwise regression method by SPSS.22.

Findings: Analyzing data showed that Freeze and Fight of Fight/Flight/Freeze system could predict Internet addiction (P<0.001, R= 0.40, R²= 0.16). After analyzing genders separately, Freeze, Flight, and Fight could predict addiction in males (P<0.001, R= 0.55, R²= 0.30), but only Fight and Freeze predicted addiction in females (P<0.001, R= 0.26, R²= 0.07).

Discussion & Conclusions: From all brain-behavioral systems, only fear and sensitivity to threatening stimuli affects Internet addiction. This imply that Internet addiction is somehow different from other risky behaviors; therefore, to prevent and treat Internet addiction, sensitivity to punishment and fear should be considered more important than sensitivity to reward.

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Introduction: This study was done to evaluate the use of curcumin to protect testicular tissue in offspring which their mother was exposed to aflatoxin.

Material & methods: Seventy adult female vistar rats were divided to control, sham and five experimental groups. Rats received serum physiology (the same volume a drugs), dimethyl sulfuxide (the same volume of drugs), Aflatoxin B1 (0.25 mg/kg), Aflatoxin B1 and curcumin (0.25 and 50 mg/kg), Aflatoxin B1 and curcumin (0.25 and 100 mg/kg), curcumin 50 mg/kg and curcumin 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally in the control and experimental groups. For histologic studies, testis samples were taken from male offspring at 1, 4 and 8 weeks. Samples fixed in formalin, 6µ thickness slides were prepared and stained with H&E.

Findings: In all times of sampling diameter of seminiferous tubule, number of germ cells and thickness of epithelium of seminiferous tubule in rats received aflatoxin decreased compared to control but these changes were not significant. In rats which received curcumin all parameters increased significantly.

Discussion & conclusion: Our results showed that curcumin could compensate undesirable effects of aflatoxin B1.

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Introduction: Cancer cans appear in all persons and all groups of gender, age, family, tribe and also socio-economic groups with more than hundred malign tumors. All people have potentials to catch this disease and no one is an exception. The present study was performed to study the relationship between mental health and life quality of these patients.

Materials & methods: This study is a descriptive correlative one. In this research, 60 subjects of cancer patients were selected with achievable sampling method from Taleghani hospital of Ilam. The data were collected by questionnaire of general health and life quality including 36 questions and were analyzed by t-test and Anowa.

Findings: Findings show that there is a meaningful correlation between life quality and mental health, the range of physical performance is related to three ranges of anxiety, disorder in performance and depression. The mental quality from life quality is related to semi- physical signs from mental health. P<0/05).

Discussion & conclusions: The findings of the research indicate that the aspects of life quality in life of cancer patients are related to aspects of mental health, and cancer affects various aspects of the life.

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Introduction: Geographic tongue and fissured tongue are the most common developmental tongue disorders. One of their causes is allergy. Allergy usually is accompanied by different abnormalities such as lymphoid hyperplasia and post nasal discharge (PND). The purpose of this study was assessing coincidence of oral lymphatic condition and PND in patients with geographic or fissured tongue.
 
Materials & methods: This case control study was done on 190 patients referring to oral medicine department of Yazd dental school with convenience sampling method. All patients were divided into two groups, the first group with geographic or fissured tongue and the other one without it. After taking informed consent, all of them were examined for PND and involvement of Waldeyer's lymphatic ring. Finally the results of both groups were compared with Chi-Square test and SPSS 17 software.
 
Findings: 19 persons of examined patients (10%) in this study had tongue tonsils. Involvement of pharyngeal tonsils were seen in 30 and 21 persons in case and control group respectively.According to the results, it was found that, there was a significant relationship between the involvement of Waldeyer's lymphatic ring and the presence of geographic or fissured tongue (Pvalue=.015). 20 persons in case group (21.1%) had PND, and there was no significant relationship between PND and geographic or fissured tongue (Pvalue=.562).
 
Discussion & conclusions: According to significant difference in Waldeyer's lymphatic ring involvement in groups, the probable signs and symptoms of allergy should be considered in these patients. Also, with regular follow up in these susceptible persons well-timed diagnosis and treatment could be achieved.