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Introduction: Concerning hyperlipidemia as one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, this study pegs at examining effect of alcoholic extracts of root of Alcea Angulata on lipid profile of serum in hyperlipidemic rabbits. Materials & Methods: After two weeks, 25 New Zealand white male rabbits were divided into five groups randomly each group included 5 rabbits. They were treated with 1% cholesterol, basic diet, 1% cholesterol, and intervention diet (root of Alcea angulata with 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight) respectively, for one month. In the end of 30-day period, all the fasting rabbits were blood sampled and their lipid profiles of serum were detected. Findings: Serum level of total cholesterol and LDL.c of treated groups by Alcea angulata were lower than that in the control meaningfully, (P<0.01) likewise, serum level of HDL in treated groups by Alcea angulata was higher than that in the control group meaningfully, (P<0.01). These values varied with dose amounts. Discussion & Conclusion: Based on findings of this study, lipids percentage of hyperlipidemic rabbits' serum was declined after consuming alcoholic extracts of Alcea Angulata. Hereby, Alcea angulata would be regareded as a helpful treatment for hyperlipidemia

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Introduction: Using non-invasive techniques are necessary to reduce the premature infant pain. This study aimed to determine the effect of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) on premature newborns’ pain due to invasive procedures in neonatal intensive care unit. Materials & Methods: In a quasi-experimental study, 70 hospitalized preterm infants were selected and then randomly divided in two case and control groups. In case group, the physiological and behavioral signs of pain 15 minutes after KMC (minutes zero), during the invasive painful procedures (minutes 15) and 15 minutes after the re-establishment of KMC (minutes 30) and in control group, that signs in three same time zero (15 minutes after supine position of Infant in the incubator), 15 (during a painful procedure) and 30 (15 minutes after painful procedures) was observed and recorded by physiological & behavioral sign scale. Findings: According to results, there were significant differences between case and control group in heart rate, oxygen saturation, facial flushing and sweating from physiological signs (P<0/05). There were significant differences between case and control group in breathing pattern, the level of consciousness (P<0/05), positioning arms and legs (P<0/01) from behavioral signs. Discussion & Conclusion: KMC is an applicable and non-invasive method to relieve hospitalized premature newborns’ pain due to painful invasive procedures in neonatal intensive care unit.

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Abstract: Introduction Gentamicin is an Aminoglycosid antibiotics that is clinically useful in the treatment of urinary tract infection, but an unwanted side effects on the physiological function of the kidneys can cause harmful effects that effects limits its use. Antioxidant compounds found in medicinal plants are good candidate for protecting against the damaging of gentamicin. In the present study for the first time , the protective effect of hydroalcholic extract of aerial parts Alhajy Mayrorum against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats is evaluated. Materials and methods 28 male wistar rats in the weight range of 300±20g were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=7). All rats received the desired compounds in 8 days. In the last day blood samples were taken and serum concentrations of urea, uric acid, creatinine and BUN were measured. Findings Gentamicin caused a significant increases in serum urea, uric acid, creatinine and BUN levels in blood rats under investigation and coadministration of gentamicin+plant extract was adjusted to baseline values. Discussion and Conclusion Findings of this study showed that Alhajy Maurorum extract can effectively prevents side effects of the gentamicin on the kidneys. Probably Alhajy Maurorum extract can preventunwanted effects of gentamicin on urinary tract function recommended.

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Introduction: According to the progress of diabetes and the use of alternative herbal medicines, in this study, the effect of Petroselinum crispum parsley leaf  hydroalcoholic extract on histopathological and liver enzymatic activity were examined.

Materials & methods : In this study, 60 male wistar rats with the weight range of 250-300 g were divided randomly into 5 groups of treatment. After the necessary treatments tested on animals , blood and liver samples were collected . Activity of liver enzymes AST, ALT, ALP was measured . The microscopic sections were prepared from the liver and the pathological tissue was investigated .

Findings: Activity of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) in the diabetic group compared to non-diabetic controls showed a significant increase (p<0.01). The intervention of parsley leaves extract resulted in a significant decrease in the activity of the enzyme and repair damaged liver tissue in diabetic rats was (p<0.01).

Discussion & Conclusions: The findings showed that the extract of parsley leaves in diabetic rats can modulate the activity of the hepatic enzymes. Healing effect of the extract in the case of diabetes on liver histopatology was remarkable. The pharmacological properties and anti-inflammatory protective effect of the parsley might be used to prevent hepatitis caused by diabetes.

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Introduction: It has been known that both statins and exercise have beneficial effects in preventing cardiovascular diseases; however, there is no information about their combined effects on the amount of tissue damage after myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of endurance training and atorvastatin on the extent of necrosis and fibrosis tissue in rat hearts following myocardial infarction.

Materials & methods: 45 rats (8-10 weeks old, 230 ± 10 g body weight) were randomly divided to five groups. Sham, control, endurance training, atorvastatin, and exercise +atovastatin. Myocardial infarction was induced by subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline (150 mg/kg) in two consecutive days. Drug and training intervention was initiated 2 days after infarction and continued for 4 weeks. In order to assess the necrosis lesion and fibrosis tissue, Hematoxylin – Eosin and massontrichrome staining were used respectively. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at P<0/05 level.

Findings: The combination of endurance exercise and atorvastatin significantly reduced the amount of necrosis and fibrosis tissue compared with the control group (P< 0/05). Endurance exercise training alone induced non-significant increase in the extent of necrosis damage and significantly increased fibrosis tissue. atorvastatin consumption reduced necrosis damage, but no effect on the extent of fibrosis tissue.

Discussion & Conclusions: results of this study showed that the combination of training and atorvastatin are more effective in improving tissue damage caused by myocardial infarction  than exercise and atorvastatin alone.

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Introduction: Hyperlipidemia is one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, and the use of synthetic drugs to reduce blood lipid levels is associated with many side effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of alcoholic extract of borage on the levels of serum lipids compared to lovastatin in mice.

Materials & methods: In this study, 70 male mice with the weight range of 25-30 g were randomly divided into 7 groups: control group under normal diet, group with high cholesterol diet (containing 1% cholesterol or CH); the groups with high-cholesterol diet plus various concentrations of borage extracts; and the group with high cholesterol diet plus lovastatin. At the end, blood samples were taken from all animals, and the serum concentrations of blood lipids were determined by the spectrophotometric method.

Findings: The results showed that the serum concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL-C, and TG of the groups treated with lovastatin and extract were significantly reduced compared to high cholesterol group (P<0/001). The serum levels of VLDL, the ratio of serum concentrations of HDL / LDL, and HDL / CHin the groups treated with the extracts were higher, compared to the group with high cholesterol diet group (P<0/001).

Discussion & Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that the borage extract has been effective in the concentration of the blood lipid in hyperlipidemic mice. Probably borage extract with lipid lowering effect is benefitial in treatment or prevention of hyperlipidemia.

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Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major agent of hospital infection which has a resistance intrinsic to a wide range of Antibiotics. It is resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics because of Beta-lactamase and Metalo-lactamase enzymes production. They have crucial problems in the treatment. The goal of this research is to isolate and characterize strains which are resistant to beta-lactam and Imipenem Antibiotics in clinical samples from four major hospitals in Tehran.

Methods & methods:  In this study 600 samples of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were  collected  from patients and those people  referring to Baqyiatallah hospital ,  Imam Khomeini hospital , Shahid Motahari Burns Center and Pediatrics Center during two years, In the first step Antibacterial resistance were prefer by wide range of Antibiotics (Kirby-Bauar). The MIC test was used to Ceftazidime and Imipenem by Microdiution tube and  CLSI protocol.

Findings: This research demonstrated that the highest sensitivity of bacteria is to Imipenem (92%) and Tetracycline (91.2%) The results showed that 6 % of the MIC of strains are resistant to imipenem (4μg/ml≤ MIC) and the 39/5 % of them are resistant to Ceftazidime (16μg/ml ≤ MIC), respectively.

Discussion & conclusions: These results showed that consumption of these Antibiotics should be used precisely due to the highest resistance of these bacteria to Imipenem and third generation Cephalosporin’s otherwise it can transfer to other strains Gram-Negative bacteria special.

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Introduction: The main objective of the petrochemical industry is the production of petrochemical and chemical products and sub-products from oil, oil derivatives, and natural gas. Accordingly, the activities and processes have the potential to cause adverse effects on the environment.This study aimed to evaluate the environmental risks of Ilam Petrochemical Company using analytical network analysis (ANP)andTechnique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution Methods (TOPSIS)by proposing appropriate management measures to reduce the risk effects of multiple incidents in processes.
 
Materials & Methods: At first, potential dangers and risks of the Ilam Petrochemical Complex wereidentified through field visits and interviews with project technical experts.Accordingly, a questionnairewasdesignedand20 experts from the Petrochemical Company and the Environmental Protection Agencywere asked to complete the designed questionnaire. The obtained results led to the identification of significant risksfactors, which were then categorized according to physio-chemical, biological, and socio-cultural-economic environment hazards. Subsequently, the weight associated with the each index was determinedusinganalytical network analysis (ANP) as well as the analysis of data in Super Decision software. In the next step, the obtained weights were prioritized for the identified risks by TOPSISmethod, and critical risks were identified. Finally, we propose the proper strategies for the controlandomissionof these risks.
 
Findings: According to the obtained results,thehigh risk factors include the risk of air pollution with the rate of 0.972 inthephysico-chemicalenvironment, the risk of lowwater quality with therate of 0.883in the biological environment, and the risk ofgeneral health with a rate of 0.679 inthe socio-cultural-economic environment.
 
Discussion & Conclusions: The results showed that the most important petrochemical riskswereair pollution, low water quality, and publichealth hazard. Therefore, it is recommendedto take the inspection and monitoring measures in accordance with the identified risksin order to eliminate the factors generatingenvironmental risks. It is also suggested to set these measures asthe main objectives of management planning.

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Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Endurance training and empagliflozin were reported to have notable effects on heart structure and function. This study aimed to investigate the effect of six weeks of endurance training and empagliflozin intake on some structural and functional indicators of the heart in diabetic male rats.
Material & Methods: In this study, a total of 40 male Wistar rats (mean±SD weight: 253.09±12.92 g, aged: 8-10 weeks) were randomly divided into five equal groups, 1) healthy control, 2) diabetic control, 3) diabetic+empagliflozin, 4) diabetic+endurance training, and 5) diabetic+endurance training+empagliflozin and kept in laboratory conditions. Induction of diabetes was performed in rats after completion of the familiarization protocol for two weeks and after 12 h of food deprivation by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin  (STZ) solution at a dose of 50 mg /kg. The glucose level of 300 mg/dL was considered diabetic. The training groups practiced endurance training, five days per week for six weeks. The drug groups also received empagliflozin (10 mg/kg) daily by gavage. The animals were anesthetized 48 h after the end of the protocol and cardiac function was recorded using echocardiography. Subsequently, cardiac tissue was isolated and dissected. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis of data in SPSS software (version 27) and Graph Pad Prism software (version 9).
(Ethic code: LU.ECRA.2021.63)
Findings: The results showed significant differences between study groups in terms of left ventricular end-systolic thickness (P=0.011) and left ventricular end-systolic volume (P=0.008). The results of the post-hoc test showed that left ventricular end-systolic thickness in the diabetic control group was significantly higher, compared to the healthy control group (P=0.012). On the other hand, left ventricular end-systolic thickness in diabetes+exercise+empagliflozin was significantly lower, compared to the diabetic control group (P=0.020). Moreover, left ventricular end-systolic volume in the diabetic control group was significantly higher, compared to healthy controls (P=0.006), and left ventricular end-systolic volume in the diabetes+exercise+empagliflozin group was significantly lower than that in the diabetic control group (P=0.017). No significant differences were observed in other structural and functional indices of the heart (P≥0.05).
Discussion & Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the combination of empagliflozin use and endurance training has a positive impact on the structure and function of the heart compared to the adoption of each (empagliflozin use and training) alone.