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Introduction: Since bacteria became resistant to some types of antibiotics, it is prominent to find more reliable sources against them. In view of the fact that plants have been shown verity of biological eff-ects, they could be promising substitutions. Inasmuch as Scrophularia has shown differ-rent biological properties such as antimic-robial, antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities, its effect on Escherichia coli has been evaluated. Material & Methods: Antibiotic effects of both filtered and nonfiltered extract of Scro-phularia striata on Escherichia coli as gram-negative bacterium were evaluated by spectrophotometery method. Simultaneou-sly tetracycline was used as a positive control at different concentrations. In addi-tion, MTT assay was applied for cell surv-ival determination. Findings: Our findings indicate that conc-entrations between 1 to 20 µg/ml of the extract have significant antibiotic activities there is no noticeable difference between filtered and nonfiltered antibiotic activities of this extract. Moreover, this effect is totally different from inducing properties of the extract. Discussion & Conclusion: In conclusion, 5 µg/ml of the extract has a significant antibiotic activity whereas there is not such an effect on fibroblast cells. In view of the fact that this concentration of the extract has a potential antibiotic activity accomp-anied with considerable low side effects on human cells, Scrophularia striata extract can be regard as a potential antibiotic agent in the future.

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Introduction: Bacteria have become resistant to some kinds of antibiotics. Therefore, more reliable sources are vital to be examined. Some types of herbals have been shown promising for therapeutic points, so they could be applied in the field of medicine. Scrophularia consist of different biological activities such as antimicrobial, antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Consequently, its effect on Staphylococcus aureus has been studied. Material & Methods: Antibiotic effects of both filtered and non-filtered extract of Scrophularia striata on Staphylococcus aureus as gram-positive bacterium were evaluated by spectrophotometer. Simultaneously tetracycline was used as a positive control at different concentrations. In addition, MTT assay was applied for cell survival determination. Findings: Our findings point out that concentration between 1 to 20 µg/ml of the extract has remarkable antibiotic activities. In addition to this, there is no obvious difference between filtered and non-filtered antibiotic activities of this extract. On the other hand, fibroblast cells show absolutely different response when treated with the same extract. Discussion & Conclusion: It can be concluded that, the Scrophularia striata aqueous extract has significant antibiotic activity and with less side effects than tetracycline. As a result, Scrophularia striata extract can be regard as a probable antibiotic agent in the future studies additionally, more investigation is needed for evaluating in vivo outcomes, and the effective materials of the extract component

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Background: According to the role of microorganisms in nitrogen stabilizer in the fertility of the soil and growth and development of plants, the use of chemical fertilizers zinc sulfate (ZnSo4) as micronutrient index in agricultur. Due to the toxic effects of zinc metal, the aim of this research, isolation and identification of nitrogen stabilizer microorganisms of asparagus rhizosphere and the effect of toxic zinc metal on the growth of bacteria. Material and Methods: In order to isolate microorganisms in nitrogen stabilizer, soil samples from the asparagus rhizosphere preparation in vitro lacks a nitrogen with a temperature of 30 ° c for 48 hours, was cultured, phylogenetic identify it using 16s rRNA do accepted and the MIC strain isolated in different concentrations of zinc metal was determined. Results: Rhizosphere soil samples from the plant among the asparagus a strain of bacteria was isolated, check the phylogenetic it using 16s rRNA species of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was detected and isolated in disallowed MIC concentration 52.32 ppm zinc metal was evaluated. Conclusion: One of the rhizosphere nitrogen stabilizer strains in the plant asparagus, bacterium Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, increase the intake of zinc metal was microorganisms cause damage and the maximum allowable amount of zinc metal in this review, the concentration is less than the 52.32 ppm.

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Study of cancer has been always in a great attention in the field of clinical studies. In order to decipher the nature of the disease, it is prominent to evaluate molecular level of it. Advances in molecular sciences have been assisting the evaluation of cancer disorders. Proteomics approaches can accel-erate early detection, diagnosis and treat-ment of cancer. Early detection methods of cancer research have been very convenient, but not as practical as proteomics can provide the required sensitively and specif-icity. In addition, proteomics has been offered the expedient way to discover the whole proteome of the organelle. It is also applied for biomarker discovery, patient monitoring and drug design. Plasma and urine are one of the most beneficial sources for examining biomarkers due to their cha-nge as the tumor progresses these changes are related to protein expression altern-ations. Collectively, by applying some rec-ent advances in mass spectrometry and bioinformatics in this field, it is possible to account proteomics as one of the most promising methods for assessing biological systems.

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Introduction: Application of herbals subst-ances has been prevalent in the treatment of neoplasm diseases such as cancers. Laven-der has different biological activates and aqueous extracts of the plant has been shown promising future in the treatment of cancer neurodegenerative diseases. Materials & Methods: The lavender plant and its derivative substances were prepared from the herbarium of Shahid Beheshti University. Fibroblast cells were cultured at RPMI 1640 medium (containing 20% fetal bovine serum and 5% CO2 gas at 37ºC) to achieve appropriate cell numbers. Microscopic studies were performed in the presents of 100 μgml-1 of the extract. MTT assay was applied for cell survival determi-nation in the present of different concentrations of the extract from 0 to 100 μgml-1. Findings: Viability test and morphological studies indicated that the population of fibr-oblast cells decreased significantly at the concentrations of 0 to 100 μgml-1 of the lavender extract. Discussion & Conclusion: It could con-clude that application of the aqueous extract of lavender should be carry out under certa-in consideration due to its adverse side effects that might accompany with its eff-ective dosages in cancer therapy. In addi-tion, in vivo studies would be crucial to confirm cytotoxic effects on cancer and normal cells.

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Introduction: Ethanol known as ethyl alc-ohol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liq-uid. It is primarily known as the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. Its consumption is very high around the world. It has been reported that ethanol intake is associated with different diseases. There-fore, here in this study the effect of ethanol on human fibroblast cells was investigated. Materials & Methods: We have carried out cell survival and morphologic studies via Invert Microscope and MTT assay methods to evaluate survival rate and morphological alterations of human fibroblast cells treated with different concentrations of alcohol. Findings: Our findings suggested that etha-nol could possibly change human fibroblast cells morphology and survival rate after 48 h incubation. In addition to this, examining fibroblast cells after 48 h culturing without ethanol showed the maintenance of these changes in next generation of the cells. Discussion & Conclusion: It can be conclu-ded that ethanol can possibly cause genetic alterations of the human fibroblast cells, so karyotype evaluations is required to deter-mine these consequences.

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Introduction: Given the importance of zinc metal (zn+2) as an essential element in boil-ogical systems and the toxic effects of metals, on the other hand, and the emerg-ence of strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) smr+ resistant to tetravalent amm-onium compounds (QACs) due to widesp-read use of materials containing Biocide QACs led to compare the sensitivity of S. aureus strains resistant to zinc and those strains having the biocide benzalkonium chloride and smr genes. Materials & Methods: S. aureus strains isolation from dairy and clinical samples was performed by using of mannitol-salt-agar medium at 37 ° C for 48 hours and the strains was identified with morphological and biochemical methods. The Smr gene was investigated by PCR and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of zinc for the bacterial strains was determined using broth microdilution. Findings: 20 strains of S. aureus were sele-ctively isolated from 40 samples of dairy and clinical. Smr genes were observed in all S. aureus strains resistant to the biocide benzalkonium chloride. The MIC concentr-ation was reported to be ppm 20. Discussion & Conclusion: The results showed that the growth of all strains of S. aureus, that is, the susceptible and the resis-tant to benzalkonium biocide zinc chloride substance is inhibited in 20 ppm concentr-ation of zinc and the presence of smr gene has no effect on resistance to zinc.

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Introduction: Annually, about one million persons attempt to suicide and averagely, one person suicides in every forty seconds. According to the world official statistics ab-out one-third (27%-37%) of the suicides are caused by self-burning. In accords with the reports of deaths registration system in Iran, eleven people daily die because of suicide and one-third of them end their life by self-burning. The aim of the study was to eva-luate the percentages of burning in subjects who committed to self-burning in the provi-nce of Ilam between 1372-1385. Materials & Methods: In the cross-sectional study all documents of patients with the his-tory of burning were separated at the hos-pital of Taleghani in the province of Ilam during 1372-1385. About 587 cases of the patients had committed to burn themselves. Then, some information such as age, sex, level of education, marital status, percenta-ge of burning and etc were recorded in a standard questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test, regression models and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings: Eighty percent of the patients were female with a mean age of 26. With the elevation of each year of age, the rate of suicide by burning was increased by 0.13%. The rate‌ of mortality in subjects who com-mitted to self-burning was 73% and the mean percentage of their burning was 82%. The majority of the patients were married and unemployed with low level of educa-tion .86.67% and 75.9% of the patients had a history of physical illness and educational problems, respectively. Psychotic disorders were detected among 74.73% of the cases. The rate of self-burning was 82% among subjects who had graduated from high sch-ool. Most of the suicides by burning had been occurred in winter and to lesser extent in summer. Discussion & Conclusion: Self-burning is the most common method of suicide in the province of Ilam, Iran. Although, the most of risk factors for suicide in our study were similar to those that have been known in the literature, we found that the high risk gro-ups were married women and the most imp-ortant risk factors of self-burning included, physical illness, education problem, unemp-loyment, psychotic problem and other so-cial factors. The findings of the study could be helpful and may offer strategies to decre-ase the rate of suicide in the province of Ilam.

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Introduction: Nutritional assessment is an important method in public health for mea-suring health status of people in commun-ity. In this study, nutritional status of stude-nts residing in the dormitories of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science re-garding food groups’ intake were determ-ined. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive analytical survey, 658 students residing in the dormitories of Shahid Beheshti Univer-sity of Medical Science were selected by clustering sampling method. Data were col-lected using a questionnaire and analyzed by the statistical software, SPSS version 16. Findings: Mean age of participants was 21.82 years for female and 22.76 years for male. Consumption of cereals (P=0.03), meat and its substitutes (P=0.000), fruits (P=0.003), vegetables (P=0.000) and other foods (P=0.000) was significantly more in female students compared to males. Discussion & Conclusion: Results of the research indicated that the students had optimal practice towards nutrition. Thus, more attention is necessary to be paid by authorities to this specific topic and some measures are essential in training students in order to maintain and continue optimal nutritional status.

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Introduction: The planning and objectives of a lesson introduced by a professor at the beginning of each session is one of the most effective and important factors that help improve students' learning. Collecting of these parameters at the end of each lesson and the presenting of a summary of the next session has a significant impact on the students’ learning. Over the past few years, the importance of lesson planning has been discussed in a broad scope among educational groups of Medical Schools. The study was performed to evaluate and compare lesson planning protocols by the professors at Shiraz University and Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 508 students of different departments of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (217 students) and Shiraz University (291 students). From each of these universities 5% of the students were chosen randomly and also from each department, students were selected depending on the number of students at that department. Findings:223 men (43.9%) and 285 women (56.1%) whose average age was 22 years participated in the survey. This study showed that lesson planning methods were exerted in a same manner in different terms and that no difference was observed between the two universities (P>0.05). The average of the scores given to the lesson planning in both Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and Shiraz University were 33 and 34 out of 60, respectively. Teaching aids were used more at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences than at Shiraz University. Using new scientific resources at Shiraz Medical School was good but the same thing at Shiraz University was average and their difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The current survey showed that educational motivation in students was low, but the motivation in other aspects was good. Discussion & Conclusion: Identifying the important factors that affect learning is quite important to help remove inadequacies and solve problems in any educational system. This study revealed that the students’ level of knowledge in lesson planning was relatively low. In both mentioned universities the teaching aids were used at a low level. One advantage of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences was that their professors used teaching aids more than the professors of Shiraz University. In order to decrease the shortcomings and make students more productive and scientific in both universities, it is crucial that educational workshops to be organized for professors. In this way, we would witness a day in which both students and professors of our country are striving more to advance the frontiers of science.

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Introduction: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by the red-uction of bone mass, deterioration of bo-ne structure, increasing bone fragility, and increasing fracture risk. Prevention of osteoporosis is one of the most important issues in World Health Organization. This study was conducted to assess the know-ledge, perceived susceptibility and percei-ved severity of female teachers in the pre-vention of osteoporosis in Shahr-e-kord city. Materials & Methods: This study was a descriptive and analytical one in which the population under study included 384 female teachers of Shahr-e-kord city. Relevant data was gathered by means of a standard questionnaire based on the health belief model. The obtained data was analyzed by the statistical software, SPSS 16 and the statistical tests, Pearson and Spearman correlations. Findings: Most of the people were (51%) in the 32-42 years age group, 62.4 % were married and most of them had an educ--ational level of Bachelor's degree. Total score of knowledge was 74.87±28.08, total score of perceived susceptibility was 48.09±28.84 and total score of perceived severity was 53.85±28.54.There was a significant relationship between marital status, perceived susceptibility and perce-ived severity (P<0.05). Discussion & Conclusion: The results ind-icated that the teachers had an optimal knowledge toward the prevention of osteoporosis however had a relatively acc-eptable perceived susceptibility and percei-ved severity. These results approve the nec-essity of more education regarding to increase perceived susceptibility and per-ceived severity.

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Introduction: Given the importance of human serum albumin, evaluation of the protein is invaluable. One of the characteristics of the protein is to create ligand bindings. The trait was assessed by application of the surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), as a ligand under normal and pathologic temperatures and normal and diabetic concentration of glucose. Material & Methods: UV spectroscopy was the method used in this experiment. Human Serum albumin was evaluated in the presence of different concentrations of glucose and the following conditions: SDS at the conce-ntrations, 2, 1.5, 1, and 0.5mM as indices for ligand binding assay, and normal and fever temperatures. Findings: The high temperature 42°C and different concentrations of glucose created structural changes in albumin. This effect was more significant at 400 mg/dl conce-ntration of glucose. Discussion & Conclusion: Human Serum Albumin structure was highly affected by increment of temperate which was more evident in diabetic condition.

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Introduction: The prevalence of urinary tract infection in women is more observed rather than in man and mostly half of women have experienced it in their lifetime. On one hand, understanding the regional prevalence of pathogens and antibiotic resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics is effective to proper selection of antibiotics and infection control. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of urinary tract infections, bacterial factors and antibiotic resistance. Materials & Methods: This descriptive - cross sectional study was conducted on urine samples from 765 women referred to the Dezful Razi laboratory in 2012. Cultivation, isolation and identification of bacteria were performed using standard bacteriological methods, then the antibiotic resistance in bacteria E.coli was studied using antibiogram tests through agar disk diffusion by Kirby-Bauer method. Findings: The number of 765 samples studied, 160 (20.91%) were reported positive. Escherichia coli with 106 cases (66.25%), Klebsiella 33 cases (20.63%), and Staphylococcus six cases (4.38%) were identified as urinary tract infections. Most Escherichia coli resistance was to ampicillin (96.55%) and the least resistance was to nitrofurantoin (11.12%). Discussion &Conclusion: Escherichia Coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infection that is highly resistant to ampicillin. The resistance can be observed in the case of antibiotics that are used more. The emergence of a new antibiotic resistance is an issue that should be taken seriously.

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Introduction: Offering the Health-care ser-vices by hospitals at critical conditions is very important. So, it is essential to eval-uate the level of hospitals safety in emer-gency situations and ensures that hospital provides an acceptable performance in criti-cal conditions. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the saf-ety condition of Ilam´s hospitals during di-sasters in 4 hospitals of Ilam in 2013. Observation, interview and questionnaire of hospital safety index presented by the World Health Organization (WHO) were applied in order to collect data. This form studies 145 hospital safety indices in three scopes of performance, structural and non-structural safety. Finally, the hospitals are classified in one of the three safety levels A, B, C. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 18 and descriptive statistics. Findings: In this study, all hospitals were observed in the safety level B. Imam Khomeini hospital had the highest scores in all three above-mentioned scopes. Other-wise, the lowest score in the performance scope concerned to Taleghani hospital, and in structural and non-structural scopes, Ko-wsar and Taleghani hospitals had the lowest scores. Discussion & Conclusion: Totally, despite the differences in the scopes of functional, structural and non-structural, the safety lev-el in all hospitals was moderate (level B). However, some appropriate measures must be conducted in every scope, and the safety factors must be annually and repeatedly assessed to reach the universal standard level (A).

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Introduction: Beta thalassemia is a hereditary blood disorder characterized by anomalies in the synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) is used for fetal genotyping and as it is an invasive procedure, it has the risk of abortion. As a result, it is desirable to use a noninvasive method instead. The aim of this study was to present a noninvasive method for prenatal diagnosis of &beta-Thalassemia based on pattern of paternal polymorphism.

Materials & methods: In this study 30 families with the risk of thalassemia were screened. RFLP pattern of these families were identified and it was possible to investigate the transmission of paternal gene for thalassemia. Whole blood sample was drawn from mothers at gestation weeks 10-12 and their plasma was separated.

Findings: A cellular DNA of 7 plasma that contains DNA from both mother and fetus was investigated for RFLP informative sites of beta-globin gene.

Discussion & Conclusion: Although the amount of fetal DNA in plasma is less than maternal DNA, we could detect specific RFLP pattern of fetus and identified transmission of paternal allele.

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Introduction: Most of the early aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene with two benzene rings causes anemia and damage to the retina. It is also toxic to plants and aquatic.The removal of this compound from water by multi-walled carbon nanotubes with the aim of determining the removal efficiency and optimum variables examination are reviewed.

Matherials & methods: This study was done in Batch reactor to investigate the effects of Variations such as contact time ) 5،15،30،60،90،120،180 min), naphthalene concentration (0.1, 0.5,1,3,5,7.5,10,15mg/l and dose of nanotubes (0.01,0.05,0.1, 0.2,0.3,0.5,1,2)gr/l and pH(3,5,7,10in concentration3,7.5,10mg/l of naphthalene in removal of naphthalene. Experimental data were evaluated with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models for adsorption equilibrium and different isotherm models for kinetics of absorption were analyzed by comparing the total number coefficient of samples by the software.

Findings: Maximum surface adsorption of naphthalene onto multi-walledcarbon nanotubes was 33.3  mg/gr and maximum adsorption had occurred at acidic pH (pH =3), And appropriate time for receiving maximum adsorption of naphthalene and equalizationstate is 90 min. with  increasing the adsorbent dose fro0.2 to 0.3 gr / l, removal efficiency of naphthalenesolution with 10 mg/l initial concentration increased from 97 %to 99.99 %, andwith increasing naphthaleneinitial concentration from 3 to 10 mg/l, removal efficiency increased from 73.33to 99.99 % at pH=3 after 90min. Adsorption mechanism consistent with freundlichIsoterm (R²=0.99)and followed pseudo first-order kinetics. (R²=0.96)

Discussion & Conclusions: Due to small size, large surface area and consequently very high reactivity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, this adsorbent could be effective for removal of

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Introduction: Ischemic stroke is the most common cause of stroke, paralysis and movement disorders are the most symptoms of stroke. Therefore, it is important to find a method for improving the disorders. This study aimed to examine the clinical efficacy of frankincense in patients with the acute ischemic stroke.

Materials & methods: In this clinical trial, 60 patients with ischemic stroke were randomly allocated into the treatment and control groups (n=30). In the treatment group, in addition to routine treatment of stroke, four capsules containing 500 mg powdered frankincense were given each day, but in the control group, were performed only the treatment of stroke (no frankincense) was performed. The treatment lasted for 1 month. The NIHSS scale (for assessment of speech and muscle strength) at the beginning, the seventh day and the end of the study for each patient was completed. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-test, chi-square, and Mann withney in SPSS software.

Findings: Results showed that only improvement of muscle strength in patients left limb increased significantly in stage II in the treatment group than the control group.

Discussion & conclusions: Adding frankincense to treatment of patients with stroke can be effective on improvement muscle strength in patients with muscle weakness and non-dominant side in acute neurological disorders while that is not effective on improving muscle strength of the right limb or speech.