---

Introduction: Low dose rate brachytherapy sources have been used widely for interst-itial implants in tumor sites, particularly in prostate cancer. Recently, several new desi-gns of 125I and 103Pd sources have become commercially available for clinical appli-cations. Materials & Methods: In this research, dosimetric characteristics of a new IrSeed 125I brachytherapy source has been deter-mined using LiF thermoluminescent(TLD) chips and EBT radiochromic film. Dose distributions around the IrSeed 125I source were measured in a Plexiglass phantom using TLD-100 LiF thermoluminescent dosimeters and EBT radiochromic film. Findings: Quantities such as radial dose fu-nction, g(r) for distances 2,3 and 5 cm, and anisotropy function, F(r,θ), for angels 0-180º were experimentally determined and the geometry function, G(r,θ), was calcul-ated. Discussion & Conclusion: The dose rate constant, Λ, was measured to be 0.965±0.06 cGyh-1U-1. The dosimetric par-ameters that have presented for this new source, may have many clinical appli-cations.

---

Introduction: Kawasaki disease happens mostly in children less than 5 years of age and presents itself as an acute and self-limiting disease with world wide spread. One of the important consequences of this disease, if undetected, is the cardiovascular morbidity that caused by the disease. The aim of this study was to determine demog-raphic findings about cardiovascular afflict-tions in Kawasaki patients. Materials & Methods: The study was a descriptive and retrospective study and data were provided through reviewing of medi-cal records of Kawasaki patients who had been hospitalized between 1998 to 2003 at Imam Hossein and Mofid Children's Hosp-ital. Finding: In the aforementioned period, 97 patients with Kawasaki disease were hospit-alized in two centers, 65(67.1%) males and 32(32.9%) female). 75(77.3%) patients we-re under the age of 5 years and 22(22.7%) were older than 5 years. 32(32.9%) patients had one or more heart involvements. The number of patients with heart involvements were 20 males (62.5%) and 12 females (37.5%). The most heart involvements were pericardial effusion (23.7%) and the least heart involvements were coronary artery dilation and aortic stenosis(2%). Discussion & Conclusions: Timely diagn-osis and preventive treatment can prevent the complications of Kawasaki disease. The cardiac rehabilitation program could impro-ve the life quality of the patients

---

Introduction: Cardiomyopathies are referr-ed to those diseases accompanied with he-arth dysfunction which the most common of them is dilated cardiomyopathy. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical sympt-om, prognosis, complications, treatment and mortality in patients with cardiomyo-pathy over a 10 years period. Materials & Methods: In this retrospective descriptive study, all patients had been dis-charged with the final diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy and referred to the Rajaee Hospital in Tehran, Iran during the past 10 years were studied. The necessary data of each patient was individually collected. Data analysis was performed using descrip-tive and inferential statistical tests. Findings: From 87 patients in the study, 54 (54%) and 40 (46%) patients were female and male, respectively. The most common reason of referring to the Hospital was dys-pnea (70%) and the most common clinical finding was systolic murmur 3.6 in the left corner of sternum. The blood group of most patients was B+. There were a big heart in the radiography of chest, left ventricular di-latation in echocardiography, reduced left ventricle contractility in catheterization (EF=35%). The most common complicat-ions in the patients were mitral valve reg-urgitation and left heart failure. The embo-lism was reported as a rare complication. In evaluation of the relationship between pres-cribed medications and prognosis, the digi-talis compounds, Lasix and Aldacton (with 2 died patients), were the most prescribed medications. The three above drugs along with Hydralazine had been led to the death of 1 patient. Discussion & Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it is appeared that the type of blood group may predispose subje-cts to dilated cardiomyopathy. Overcrowde-d environment and air pollution may incre-ase the incidence of the disease the presc-ribed medications may influence the prong-osis and mortality of the diseases.

---

< Introduction: Identification and analysis of light elements using atomic layers due to low energy X ray is not a suitable method and They have weak energy and absorbed locally. Gamma rays have enough energy for detection. Nuclear techniques usually are used to identi-fy and analyze of light elements such as hydrogen, oxygen and etc that the major components of Tissues and drug. Nuclear methods have expensive equipment and high risk factor. Before using this equipment, the level of efficiency and all aspects of radiation protection issues measured by using computer codes such as MCNP. In this paper, a system designed can be used qualitative and quantitative analysis of tissues with in vivo and in vitro to investigate the changes of the elements percent, Observed dose rate of drug body tissue (spot check) and etc. Materials and Methods: MCNP code has ability to transport and particle analysis a system was Designing for the analysis of light elements. The most important parameters were deter-mined and with ability of code to change the geometry of components determined an optimal point for each parameter. Effective Parameters in analysis Including material Component Sys-tem, Component dimensions and their shaped and located by writing several programs with MCNP code their parameters were studied and selected as the most suitable of them for sys-tem. Findings: All parameters were evaluated in this study include: 1. With Research different ma-terial, beryllium oxide - Bismuth was chosen for collimator material.2.change rate of flux with thickness of collimator was investigated, Result, no significant increase in the flux for 5cm thickness.3. Flux rate was checked by changing Opening angle of collimator, It was found, collimator opening angle should be proportional to the radiation field. If collimator opening angle increase, Neutron scattering is increase and decrease opening angle flux rate will de-crease. 4. Output flux rate was check with changes collimator Length and found maximum point in 22cm collimator length.5. Flux rate was checked by changing the distance of sample from source, It was found that would be better if their position nearest distance.6. System dose calculations were performed It is quite standard. Discussion and Conclusion: System designed According to the results of effective parameter of light elements analysis that all the optimized parameters and system works with using MCNP code simulation software. The system in Compared to other devices are used in light elements analysis such as reactors have smaller volume, higher utilization rate, less pollution and Lower cost. System is used for light element analysis in local and extensive tissues, monitoring of drugs in tissues and etc. Analysis results is given in (6) image.

---

Investigation observation standards of security and dosimetry at x-ray imaging center hospitals Subsidiary Ilam University of medical sciences Jamal Amiri 1, Shahin Amiri2, Parvin Tork1,Mohmad hasan Abbasi 1, Seyed Pezhman Shirmardi *3 Introduction: Standards observation in imaging centers cause to patient dose reduction in patients and improving image quality. Identification standards and determine the gap own facilities with standard centers is a necessity for standardization. In this article, Standards level in imaging centers have been studied in Ilam province. Materials & Methods: Dose was measured in the controlled, monitored and uncontrolled region for each center. Czech list contains 210 items were prepared by using standard values in the world and Iran. Separately, Czech list were completed for each center. Level standard calculated at sections: building and construction, Preparation and usage of equipment, Protection of staff and patients, Patient rights and staff salaries for all hospitals and presented as percentage of standard. Level of patient information has been checked about radiation effects by using the questionnaire. Findings: Level of dose were standard in controlled monitored and uncontrolled region all of centers. Generally the level standards in Ilam imaging centers were obtained at sections: Building and construction 64.9 ℅, Preparation and usage of equipment 69.4℅, Protective staff and patients 80.03℅, Rights of patients 81.7℅ and staff rights almost 100%. Patient imaging centers were aware of effects of radiation on cell were 28%. Conclusion: In this study, the level of standard and distance to the full the level of standardization Were determined for all centers.The level of gap with completely standardization of imaging centers in the province is building and construction section35.1℅, preparing and application of equipment 30.6℅, Protection of staff and patients 19.97℅, Patient rights 18.3%. As well as patient imaging centers not informed about the effects of radiation on cells were 72%.

---

---

Introduction: With respect to increase of job stress and disease that arise from stress in work environments, purpose of this study was investigated job stressors as predictors of psychosomatic symptoms at staff of a company in Ahwaz.
 Materials & methods: The research method of this study was descriptive-correlational kind. Statistical population comprised of all personnel of a company in Ahwaz who worked at 1392. The sample consisted of 202employees, who were selected by simple random sampling method. The instruments that apply at this study consist of: negative act, effort-reward imbalance, job content, work-family conflict, organizational justice, psychosomatic symptoms in nonclinical context questionnaires. In order to analyze research hypothesis, regression analysis and Pearson correlation, and to validity analysis, Pearson correlation and confirmatory factor analysis were used. Findings: Results of Pearson correlation indicated that support and organizational justice had a significant negative relationship with psychosomatic symptoms and effort-reward imbalance, overcommitment, job strain, work-family conflict and bullying had a significant positive relationship with psychosomatic symptoms. Results of regression analysis indicated that predictive variables were able to predict 0/41% of psychosomatic symptoms variance and workplace bullying over commitment and work-family conflict were the best predictors of psychosomatic symptoms at staff.
 Discussion & Conclusion: With respect to the results, variables that apply at this study, special variables that had a great role should be regarded at schedules to reduce job ills and increase of staff health.

---

Introduction: Background radiation is originated from environmental radioactive sources cosmicandterrestrial.Materials distribution onsurface of the earth and height from sea level are not the same at various points.Absorbed dose caused by them were different at various points.In this research, Background radiation level inoutdoor different areas of Ilam province was measured and effective dose ratecaused by it was calculated.

Materials & methods: RDS -110detector was used to measure background radiation. The metal base with a height of 1m was used for measuring at the same altitude and detector placed on the metal base. Outdoor backgroundradiationwas measured for seven points (The highest altitude, the lowest point North, South, East and West). Measured datawas entered to SPSS16 software for statistical operations. The mean equivalent dose rate andstandard deviation were calculated. By using the dosimetry calculations, the amount of annals effective dose rate in outdoor was calculated for different regions of Ilam province.

Findings: The mean equivalent dose rate caused by outdoor background radiation for different regions of Ilam province was obtained based on unit nSvh^-1 include: Ilam 84 ± 10.67, Ivan 82 ± 10.71, Dehloran78 ± 12.61, Abdanan80 ± 11.21, Sirvan97 ± 15.50, Mehran 75 ± 10.31, Malekshahi88 ± 13.78, Dareshahr95 ± 14.15, Badreh85 ± 8.82 and Chardavol93 ± 13.20.The maximum outdoor equivalent dose rate was in Sirvan area with 97 ± 15.50nSvh^-1 and minimum value in Mehran area with 75 ± 10.31nSvh^-1. The average of outdoor annals equivalent dose rate in entire Ilam province 85.7± 7.5nSvh^-1 in comparison average world 59nSvh^-1 is more than 44%. Well as annual effective dose rate was 0.107±0.009nSvy ^-1.

Discussion & Conclusions: Ilam provincehasmore mean-annualequivalent dose rate and effective dose rate compared to global average annualequivalent dose rate and effective dose ratedue to mountainous and relatively high altitude from sea level.

---

Introduction: Short-term interventions may affect on family members of psychosis ' families. The aim of this research is studying the effectiveness of family Psychoeducation (Atkinson and Coia model) on mental health families will produce a child with a psychotic illness.

Materials & methods: This study uses a quasi-experimental and pre-posttest design with the control group and investigates the effect of a four-week psycho-educational program for a two-month period on 44 caregiver families of patients with psychotic hospitalized in Welfare Hospital in Tehran in 93-94. Mental health workers were determined by questionnaires GHQ-28 .The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.

Findings: study results showed that family Psychoeducation enhances mental health, social functioning and reduces symptoms of anxiety, depression, but doesn't have significant effect in reducing physical symptoms.

Discussion & Conclusions: Family education programs are effective to improve public health in caregivers of patients with psychotic issues and it would improve the quality of life for patients and caregivers.

---

Introduction: Increasing drug resistance against different antibiotics in most bacteria the cause is increased interest in the development of natural antimicrobial compound. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of ethanol extracts of Ferula assafoetida, Carum copticum and Mentha piperita strains on standard ‌pathogenic bacteria.

Materials & methods: Plant extract was performed by maceration method. Well diffusion, disk diffusion and microdilution method was used to determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) each of the extracts against four species of bacteria, including methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157: H7 and salmonella typhimurium.

Finding: The minimum inhibitory concentrations of Ferula assa foetida, Carum copticum and Mentha piperita extract for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 50, 25, 3.25 mg/ml respectively and for methicillin- susceptible Staphylococcus aureus was 25, 25, 3.25 mg/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Carum copticum and peppermint on E.coli O157:H7 was 50, 25 mg/ml while ferula assa foetida had no effect. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Mentha piperita  on Salmonella typhimurium was 12.5 mg/ml.

Discussion & Conclusions: Therefore, according to the results, natural compounds such as essential oils and plant extracts recommended to Control disease.

---

Introduction: Angiogenesis is a complex process. In fact, it is one of the most important biological events that can be observed with the production of new vessels in many stages of embryonic development and pathological conditions. In pathological conditions such as tumor growth, the progression of the disease is associated with angiogenesis. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of various doses of zinc oxide nanoparticles on chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) were assessed.
 
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 40 ROSS egg were randomly divided into four groups (controls-group 1-group 2-group 3). After the second day of incubation, a window was opened on the eggs and on the eighth day a gelatin sponge was placed on the chick chorioallantoic membrane. Experimental groups were treated with 500, 1000 and 2000 μg / ml zinc oxide nanoparticles, respectively. On the twelfth day after the incubation, samples were removed from the device and after removing the windows, all of them were viewed using a photo stereomicroscope.
 
Findings: The results showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles significantly reduced the number and length of blood vessels compared to the control sample (P <0.05). The mean length of blood vessels treated with nanoparticles of zinc oxide compared to the control group showed that there was a difference between the treated group with concentration of 500 μg / ml zinc oxide nanoparticle (3.16 ± 0.4 cm) with control group (4.13 ± 0.44 cm) at the level of P < 0.05 is significant.
 
Discussion & Conclusion: The results of this study showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles have anti- angiogenesis activity in an in vivo environment. In vivo studies showed that treatment with this nanoparticle inhibited angiogenesis would reduce the number and length of chick chorioallantoic membrane vein.

---

Introduction: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as the occurrence of two or more abortion before 20^th week of gestation. The etiology of RPL is unknown in 50% of cases, which defines as idiopathic RPL (IRPL). Immune-related embryo injuries play an important role in the occurrence of RPL. Interferon regulatory factor-5 (IRF-5) is a member of IRF family of transcription factor, acts as upstream regulatory element of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, and TNF-α). The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between IRF-5 gene rs10954213 polymorphism in the occurrence of IRPL.
 
Materials & Methods: In this case- control study, blood samples were collected from 176 IRPL women with a history of at least 2 miscarriages with mean age of 34.2±10.9 years as the patient group, and 173 healthy postmenopausal women with at least two live births, and without a history of previous miscarriage (mean age±SD; 56.5±7.7 years) as the control group. Genotyping was performed using T-ARMS PCR. The data were analyzed using SPSS v.16 software.
 
Findings: The frequency of G allele was lower in cases compared to control subjects. This difference was statistically significant and supported the protective effect of this allele against miscarriage (OR: 0.7, 95%CI: 0.5-0.9, p=0.04). The frequency of G carriage genotypes (GG+GA vs. AA) in women with IRPL was lower compared to the women of the control group and showed the protective role of this allele (OR:0.45, 95%CI:0.22-0.91, p-0.02).
 
Discussion & Conclusions: Regarding the results of the present study, the rs10954213G allele of the IRF-5 gene demonstrated a protective marker against idiopathic recurrent pregnancy losses in Iranian women.
 

---

Introduction: The molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of breast cancer have yet to be determined. In the present study, the proteome of cancerous beast and adjacent normal tissues were compared.
 
Materials & Methods: In a cohort study, the cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were obtained from 5 female patients with ductal carcinoma in stage 3. The total protein contents of cancer and adjacent normal tissues were extracted. The protein expression levels were examined by Image Master 2D Platinum software following two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. MALDI-TOF MS/MS mass spectrometry was used for proteins identification.
 
Findings: The constant region of Ig gamma-1 chain and beta subunit of hemoglobin were exclusively detected in the cancer and adjacent normal tissues, respectively. The expression of serum albumin and collagen VI alpha chain in the cancer tissue was significantly lower than the normal tissue (P <0.05). In contrast, the expression of a single peptide matching to cytoskeletal type I and II keratin significantly increased in the cancer tissue compared to the normal tissues (P <0.05).
 
Discussion & Conclusion: As the output of our investigation, it seems that proteome of cancerous tissue is extensively different from the adjacent one. Therefore, proteomic approach might be a promising tool for monitoring  breast tumorigenesis. However, this needs to be confirmed in future.

---

Introduction: Low-frequency noise, even at low levels, is annoying and affects the physiological function of individuals. Some individual differences, such as sensitivity to noise, can reduce or increase the effect of noise on physiological parameters. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of individual sensitivity on physiological parameters in the presence of low-frequency noise.
 
Materials & Methods: This is an interventional study. 120 subjects were selected through targeted sampling (60 high sensitivity and 60 low sensitivity). By simulating the real environment of each person, they were exposed to 50, 60, and 70 dB of noise. Before and after exposure, the mean body temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen content was measured and recorded. Data were analyzed using the SPSS20 software package, independent t-test, and paired T-test.
Code of ethics: IR.umsha.REC.1395.457
 
Findings: The results showed that low-frequency noise negatively affects physiological parameters and increases physiological parameters by increasing the noise level from 50 to 70 dB (P<0.05). Investigating the combined effect of individual sensitivity to noise and gender showed that physiological parameters are more affected in women and people with high sensitivity (P<0.05).
 
Discussion & Conclusions: Considering that high blood pressure is closely related to cardiovascular disease, the use of people who are more tolerant to noise (low sensitivity) in areas where exposure to noise is higher than the safe limit can prevent cardiac complications.
 
 

---

Introduction: Adolescence is undoubtedly one of the most important and critical periods of human life. The results of several studies indicate that suicidal ideation is increasing among adolescents across the world, and it is certainly important to reduce suicidal ideation and other related traumas. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of negative mood control training skills on suicidal thoughts, anxiety, and depression in high school female students in Ilam, Iran, during 2018.
 
Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The study population consisted of all female high school students in Ilam, Iran. This study included 60 female students who were selected using a multistage cluster sampling method and the Morgan table. Subsequently, the participants were divided into two groups of experimental and control (30 students per group). The data were collected using the Beck Depression Inventory, Cattell Anxiety Scale, and Maria Kovacs Depression Inventory. Furthermore, the data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) through the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Ethics code: IR.MEDILAM.REE.1394.126
 
Findings: The results of ANCOVA showed that negative mood control training skills had a positive and significant effect on reducing suicidal ideation (P=0.000), anxiety (P=0.025), and depression (P=0.034).
 
Discussion & Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, negative mood control training skills reduced the level of suicidal ideation, anxiety, and depression in students.
 
 

---

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (MBCT) and acceptance-commitment therapy (ACT) on the fear of negative evaluation and anxiety in couples visiting counseling centers in Ilam.
 
Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all couples referring to Navid, Aramesh, Family (affiliated to the Minisrty of Education), Soroush, and Welfare counseling centers in Ilam, Iran, during 1397. In total, 30 couples were selected using the avaliable sampling method, and they were randomly divided into three groups. The data were collected using the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale and Anxiety Questionnaire. Subsequently, the obtained data were analysed in SPSS software (version 22).
 
Findings: The results showed a significant difference among the MBCT, ACT, and control groups in terms of a decrease in the fear of negative evaluation and anxiety level of the couples. However, no significant difference was observed between the two treatment methods in terms of the effects on reducing fear and anxiety levels.
 
Discussions & Conclusions: The MCBT and ACT had effects on reducing the fear of negative evaluation and anxiety levels. However, there is no significant difference between the two treatment methods in this regard.
 

---

Introduction: Epidemics and deaths caused by influenza viruses are an important concern worldwide. The use of neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir is an effective and valuable way to treat the diseases caused by these viruses. However, the mutation in several parts of the gene leads to the emergence of drug-resistant strains, and an ever-increasing rise in drug-resistant strains is a global problem. Histidine-to-tyrosine mutation at position 275 (H275Y) of neuraminidase protein is one of the most common oseltamivir resistance mutations. This study aimed to detect H275Y mutation in influenza A (H1N1) virus circulating in the Hamadan province of Iran using real-time polymerase chain reaction  (RT-PCR).
Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 110 swab samples isolated from patients with suspected influenza virus infection between 2015 and 2016. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from samples and the RT-PCR method was used to determine virus types and subtypes. The positive samples were evaluated for detection of H275Y mutation using RT-PCR.
(Ethic code: IR.UMSHA.REC.1400.917)
Findings: Out of 110 patients in this study, 50 (45%) were females and 60 (55%) were males. The mean±SD age of participants was 40.74±2.42 years. Influenza A (H1N1) virus was found in 22 (20%) out of 110 patients, including 9/50 (18%) females and 13/60 (21.7%) males. There was no significant relationship between the virus and gender (P=0.81). No drug resistance related to H275Y mutation was observed in 22 positive cases.
Discussion & Conclusion: The findings indicated that no drug resistance mutations have occurred, and oseltamivir is still an appropriate option to treat infections caused by the influenza virus in Hamadan province, Iran. However, due to the increasing number of resistant strains, an annual review of oseltamivir resistance is recommended and further studies are needed in this regard.
 

---