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F Javadnia, Mr Gholami , D Bizhannezhad, M Jaleh , A Mohammad Yang Gharavi , Mh Karimfar,
Volume 20, Issue 3 (11-2012)
Abstract
The medial circumflex femoral artery usually originate from the posteromedial aspect of the profunda artery (a division from femoral artery), but often originate from the femoral artery itself. This anomaly observed in the left pelvic region of a male cadaver. In this case, arterial variation described the existence of a common trunk for inferior epigastric and medial circumflex femoral arteries. This common trunk arose from the external iliac artery. The origin of the inferior epigastric and medial circumflex femoral arteries are explained on the basis of the embryologic development and their course and variations are compared with reports in the literature.
A Meyfour, M Rezaie Tavirani , A Moayeri , Sh Mohammadpour,
Volume 21, Issue 7 (2-2014)
Abstract
Glomerular Diseases affect the filtration function of nephrons. In many patients, kidney failure eventually leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The causes of the glomerular diseases should be diagnosed to appropriately treat the disease. Although a renal biopsy determines definitive diagnosis of the cause of the disease, it is an invasive and potentially hazardous procedure. Urine testing for biomarkers could replace renal biopsy as a simple, safe, and accurate test that could be repeated to follow up progression of the disease and monitor response to therapy. In recent years, in order to understand the mechanisms involved in glomerular disease, kidney injury and to distinct between them, notable proteomics studies have been done. It seems that by improvement of proteomic techniques in future, better results will be achieved. This article discusses this issue in detail.
P Vasoghi, N Ahmadi, M Shahani, E Bahadori Monfared, M Azizi,
Volume 21, Issue 7 (2-2014)
Abstract
Introduction: Human serum albumin with its singular structure acts as a carrier mo-lecule that can attach to a variety of sub-stances. Any structural or functional chan-ges in albumin are accompanied with unde-sirable outcomes. In the present research, attachment of some ligands such as det-ergents (DTAB) and sugars (glucose) to albumin were evaluated at temperatures 27°C and 42°C.
Materials & Methods: Tris-buffer solusion for albumin with a pH close to the pH of body was prepared. To denature albumin, hydrochloric acid was used. UV spectero-photometric technique was applied to eval-uate denaturation process.
Findings: With increment of DTAB conc-entration the maximum optical absorption of albumin decreased. Glucose concent-ration at 400mg/dl level caused a profound change in the optical absorption of albumin that might affect the structure of the mo-lecule.
Discussion & Conclusion: Glucose elevate-on has deleterious effects and deteriorates the function of many molecules in blood. The effects may exert on hormones, drug transportation, necessary ions and elements
Mh Nori Mogohi, M Khanzad, T Rastegar,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Introduction: According to the important role of Nitric oxide (NO) in many biological processes in cells and tissues, in this study we examined the inhibitory effects of L-NAME on weight and histology of a pregnant rat kidney.
Materials and Methods: 24 Wistar rats weighing 200- 250 gr with a mean age of 8 weeks upon observing vaginal plaque that has been considered as day zero of pregnancy were divided in 3 groups of 8. Except the control group the remaining groups received normal saline (1mg/kg/ip), L-NAME (1 mg/kg/ip) during 3, 4 and 5th days of pregnancy. On the 18th day of pregnancy the rats were anesthetized by ether and via laparotomy the kidneys were removed. Kidneys fixed in 10% formalin and after tissue sample preparation, general (H + E) staining was performed. Finally the Histomorphological changes were studied by light microscopy.
Findings:Despite the increasing in weight of the L-NAME group, There was no significant differences between groups (P<0.01) but in L-NAME group were observed disorder of the cortex and capsule of a kidney, immune cell infiltration, and congestion blood vessels.
Discussion &Conclusion: Results of this study showed that L-NAME in pregnancy can cause damage in kidney tissue via decreasing levels of NO.
Keywords: Kidney, Nitric oxide, L-NAME
A Moayeri , Farkhondeh Aminshokravi, Sedigheh Tavafian, Ardashir Moayeri ,
Volume 22, Issue 5 (10-2014)
Abstract
Introduction: Self-treatment is a one of the main inevitableproblems in remedy cycle. In Iran, self treatment is so common that h-as caused the exessive use of drugs in the country.Therefore, this study aimed at dete-rming the influencial factors on self-trea-tment in the boarding clinic of Abasabad city (Mazandaran province). Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in 2013 and 300 individuals refering to the Abas-abad’s clinic were selected randomly. Data was collected by a questionnaire as well as interviews and then the Chi-square test was used to analyze the data. Findings: Results of data analysis showed a significant relationship between the varia-bles of age, gender, education and occup-ation of people under study andeach of the questionaires’ items about the probable reasons of headstrong use of medicine and the selection of injection form (p value <0.05). We evaluated the relationship of exessive medicine use with matrimory sta-tus, gender, the effect of education and a-ccuption of people under study. It was found that self treatment is used by 204 men compared to 96 women, 176 married as compured to 124 singles, 137 preuniv-ersity level compared to 82 granduates. In our study, the major common of exessive use of drugs were easy availability of drugs from drugstors without prescription (98%), available drugs at home or getting from others (96.7%), lack of awareness on the dr-ugs’ complications (72.7%), and give little atttention to diseases by the individual (72.7%). Discussion & Conclusion: In order to incr-ease individuals awareness and perform-ance, especial educational programms sho-uld be designed and presented to people via various educational methods and proc-edures. Self-treatment is itself neither good nor bad. Policy makers should do interv-entions in both micro and macro levels to decrease inappropriateuse of medicines. The interventions include: Restrictingeasy access to medicines especially harmful and dangrous medicines Instruction on how to use and maintain medicine to patient by physician and pharmacist General training of society for rational use of medicines and limiting the number and type of medicines stored at home Elevation the quality of sanitary and treatment services and incr-easing the access of society to service pres-entation system. The above mentioned are very helpful in our study for decreasing obtained preferences regarding the obstinate use of medicines.
Mandana Beigi Boroujeni, Nasim Beigi Boroujeni, Masoud Beigi Boroujeni, Soodabeh Zare, Afsaneh Shafiei,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (10-2015)
Abstract
Introduction: Low dose treatment with aspirin could result in endometrial improvement, decrease of abortion and consequently, an increase in uterine receptivity. Although many studies have been conducted on the effect of low dose of aspirin on the endometrium, there has not been any report on the effect of prescribing low dose of aspirin on the vascular density of endometrium. Thus, it was essential to conduct a study on this subject.
Materials & methods: 15 female NMRI mice were used in this study. They were divided into three groups: control, sham and experimental groups. At first, in all groups, pseudo-pregnancy was induced and then the sham group received an injection of sterile water. The experimental group received low-dose of aspirin (7/5mg/kg) twice a day. Ovarian hormone levels were measured after 4.5 days of pseudo-pregnancy. Then the animals were sacrificed and the uterine horns were sampled for measurement of vascular density at implantation period. Finally, our results were statistically analyzed.
Findings: Vascular density in the endometrium between two groups (control-experimental and sham-experimental) showed a statistically significant difference (P≤0/05).
Discussion & Conclusion: Low-dose of aspirin seems to lead in changes of vascular density in the endometrium that may be effective on the embryo implantation.
Zahra Mousavi Pourgohar, Dr Davoud Kianifard, Dr Emad Khalilzadeh,
Volume 24, Issue 4 (11-2016)
Abstract
Introduction: Testicular tissue is susceptible to environmental risk factors. Structural and functional alterations in spermatogenesis are the most important factors involved in fertility complications. Methylphenidate is amphetamine derivatives. This drug can approve for treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), tachycardia syndrome, narcolepsy, depression. There is a little data about the effects of methylphenidate on testicular tissue. In this study, time dependent effects of methylphenidate were evaluated on testicular tissue in microscopic and ultrastructural levels.
Materials & methods: 30 adult Wistar rats were divided into three groups as control, short-term methylphenidate (10 mg/kg/day) treated for two weeks and long-term methylphenidate (10 mg/kg/day) treated for eight weeks. Histomorphological and ultrastructural assessments were prepared on testicular tissue through routine histologic and electron microscopic methods.
Findings: Some alterations such as tubular atrophy and transformation and disarrangement of spermatogenic cells were observed in testicular tissue following time dependent administration of methylphenidate. Deformation of mitochondria, increment of collagen fibers and basement membrane thickness, were the main cellular and structural alterations observed in ultrastructural level.
Discussion & conclusions: The results of this study indicated that the process of spermatogenesis reduces temporary following short term administration of methylphenidate; however, it seems that repeated administration of methylphenidate progressively leads to some degrees of tissue habitation and resistance.
Jhila Hamidi, Davoud Kianifard, Gholamreza Vafaei Saiah, Reza Hazrati,
Volume 24, Issue 5 (12-2016)
Abstract
Introduction: Monosodium glutamate is a food additive which acts as preservative or enhancer of palatability. Some studies show some adverse effects of this agent on reproductive system like as structural and functional alterations and reduction of fertility. According to various antioxidant properties of quince leaves and the cytotoxic effects of monosodium glutamate, the aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of quince leaf extract on testicular tissue alterations induced by monosodium glutamate.
Materials & methods: 60 adult rats were divided into six groups: 1) control; 2) monosodium glutamate (30mg/kg i.p.); 3) monosodium glutamate (60mg/kg i.p.); 4) monosodium glutamate (30mg/kg i.p.) + quince leaf extract (500mg/kg p.o.); 5) monosodium glutamate (60mg/kg i.p.) + quince leaf extract (500mg/kg p.o.) and 6) control + quince leaf extract (500mg/kg p.o.). At the end of eight weeks, histomorphometeric and spermatogenic evaluations were done on testicular samples.
Findings: The results showed that, administration of monosodium glutamate lead to structural and functional alteration of testicular tissue such as tubular atrophy and spermatogenic amendments while, use of quince leaf extract can reduce the revealed alterations.
Discussion & conclusions: According to the findings, it is concluded that antioxidant herbs such as quince leaf, can be effective in reducing of structural alterations of testicular tissue induced by monosodium glutamate.
Mohammad Nikoseyr Jahromi, Reza Ranjbar, Mahmood Khaksar Mahabadi, Hasan Morovati, Hoseyn Najafzadehvarzi,
Volume 24, Issue 6 (2-2017)
Abstract
Introduction: This study was done to evaluate the use of curcumin to protect testicular tissue in offspring which their mother was exposed to aflatoxin.
Material & methods: Seventy adult female vistar rats were divided to control, sham and five experimental groups. Rats received serum physiology (the same volume a drugs), dimethyl sulfuxide (the same volume of drugs), Aflatoxin B1 (0.25 mg/kg), Aflatoxin B1 and curcumin (0.25 and 50 mg/kg), Aflatoxin B1 and curcumin (0.25 and 100 mg/kg), curcumin 50 mg/kg and curcumin 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally in the control and experimental groups. For histologic studies, testis samples were taken from male offspring at 1, 4 and 8 weeks. Samples fixed in formalin, 6µ thickness slides were prepared and stained with H&E.
Findings: In all times of sampling diameter of seminiferous tubule, number of germ cells and thickness of epithelium of seminiferous tubule in rats received aflatoxin decreased compared to control but these changes were not significant. In rats which received curcumin all parameters increased significantly.
Discussion & conclusion: Our results showed that curcumin could compensate undesirable effects of aflatoxin B1.
Mostafa Rezaietavirani , Yousef Sadeghi , Forouzan Kavarizadeh,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (11-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: Curriculum of Anatomy plays an important role in training experts in the Anatomical Science. Therefore, this study aimed to audit the Iranian curriculum for Anatomy PhD program according to European standards (ORPHEOUS).
Materials & Methods: This descriptive-comparative study initially investigated the content and structure of Iranian curriculum of Anatomy PhD program, and then compared it to ORPHEOUS standards. This European standard elaborates the curriculum in eight facets and identifies the level of alignment between Iranian and European curriculum with respect to each facet.
Findings: Our findings indicated that the Iranian curriculum for Anatomy PhD program was 100% in concord with the European standards in five facets including course programs, educational content, teaching methods, educational level, and role of graduates. However, two facets obtained 66% concordance to ORPHEOUS, namely educational structure and course-based teaching. Finally, the duration of Iranian program was only 50% similar to what ORHEOUS has recommended as the standard duration for PhD programs.
Discussion & Conclusions: This study revealed that three facets of the Iranian curriculum for Anatomy PhD program were not fully consistent with the European standards. These three facets were lack of provisional committee to monitor progress in students’ theses, lack of compatibility between the offered duration of study and the real time it takes to graduate, and lastly, lack of the program’s ability to attend in the international arena. Therefore, it is recommended to establish a provisional committee for monitoring progress in students’ theses and to revise the curriculum accordingly.
Mohammad Taghi Sheibani, Hojat Anbara, Hassan Morovvati, Mazdak Razi, Jamileh Salaramoli,
Volume 27, Issue 3 (8-2019)
Abstract
Introduction: Aspartame is the most famous and widely used artificial sweetener which is extensively used in food stuffs. Many controversial reports are presented on the toxisity of aspartame on different body tissues; nonetheles, little data is available about the the side effects of Aspartame on the reproductive system. The present study was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of aspartame on sperm quality and oxidant parameters in mice.
Materials & Methods: This study wsa carried out on 36 adult male NMRI which were randomly assigned into four groups of nine mice. The three experimental groups received Aspartam with the doses of 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg, by oral gavage for 90 days. The control group was considered as well. The blood samples were collected from the heart 24 hours after the last treatment and sperm quality parameters including, count, motility, viability, chromatin condensation, abnormality, and DNA damage were evaluated.
Findings: The results indicated a significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and testosterone, as well as a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) in 80 and 160 mg/kg groups, compared to the control group (P<0.01). Aspartame reception decreased the number, motility, viability and maturation of the sperms (P<0.001) and increased abnormality and DNA damage to sperm in 80 and 160 mg/kg groups, compared to the control group (P<0.001).
Discussion & Conclusions: The findings of the present study revealed that aspartame consumption could lead to decreased sperm quality and negative changes in oxidant parameters.
Atarod Sadat Mostafavinia, Mohammd Bayat, Mehdi Ghatresamani, Kamran Ghoreishi,
Volume 28, Issue 3 (7-2020)
Abstract
Introduction: Bone formation is disturbed in type 1 diabetes followed by changes in the bone microstructure. The most important metabolic disorder in diabetes is osteoporosis, which is characterized by bone loss and bone structure degradation. This study aimed to determine the effect of low-power laser on bone defect repair in the experimental model of diabetes and osteoporosis.
Materials & Methods: A total of 30 four-month-old female Wistar rats weighing 190-220 g were selected and randomly divided into six groups, including 1: non-diabetic control (Co.), 2: non-diabetic laser (L.), 3: diabetic control (Co.D.), 4: diabetic laser (L.D.), 5: diabetic alendronate (A.D.), and 6: diabetic laser + alendronate (L.A.D.). Diabetes was induced in groups 3, 4, 5, and 6. All groups underwent ovariectomy and partial bone defect. In the laser group, a low-level laser (890nm, 80 Hz, 1/5J / cm 2) was radiated to 3 points at the defect location. Tibia bones were collected, and Real-time PCR was performed after a month. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. A p-value less than P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Ethics code: 13237-91-1-1393-10397
Findings: The t-test showed a significant decrease in tibia bone density in diabetic and osteoporotic rats, compared to the non-diabetic control group. Moreover, analysis of gene expression data (ANOVA, P<0.05) revealed a significant difference between the group of diabetic laser + alendronate and other groups in terms of Runx2 gene expression and Osteocalcin.
Discussions & Conclusions: According to the findings, laser therapy combined with alendronate can accelerate the repair of partial bone defect in the experimental model of diabetes and osteoporosis.
Zahra Tootian, Simin Fazelipour, Mohammad Taghi Sheibani, Hossien Erik-Aghaji, Reyhaneh Hooshmand Abbasi,
Volume 30, Issue 4 (10-2022)
Abstract
Introduction: Aspartame is one of the synthetic sweeteners widely used in the food industry as a sugar substitute in recent decades. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different doses of aspartame on histological and histomorphometric changes in the stomach in BALB/C mice.
Material & Methods: In this study, 24 BALB/C mice aged three weeks were selected and divided into three experimental groups that received 0.3 ml aspartame solution at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight, and a control group that received drinking water with the same condition up to nine weeks of age. Eventually, some tissue sections were prepared from the stomachs and stained using the hematoxylin-eosin method. After histological evaluation, the necessary images were prepared and the histomorphometric examination was conducted using an optical microscope equipped with Axiovision software. The thickness of mucosa, submucosa, musculature, and depth of pits was measured and the frequency of parietal cells was calculated in the dimensions of 6.25 × 104 μm2.
(Ethic code: 7506001/6/7)
Findings: Histological results indicated destruction and disruption of the mucosal epithelium and gastric pits and atrophy of gastric glands including glandular cells. In the histomorphometric examination of the non-glandular part, only the thickness of the mucosa had a significant difference in the group receiving the highest dose of aspartame compared to the control group (P<0.05). However, in the evaluation of the glandular part, mucosal and muscle thickness in all three experimental groups and the submucosa thickness in the glandular and non-glandular parts in the experimental group (400 mg body weight) showed a significant increase compared to the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, the depth of gastric pits increased significantly and the frequency of parietal cells had a significant decrease in the experimental groups compared to the control group (P<0.05).
Discussion & Conclusion: Although aspartame may partially play a protective role by decreasing parietal cells, it should be noted that higher doses of aspartame could induce tissue changes in different layers of the stomach. Therefore, it is recommended to use it with more caution.
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