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Sh Safari, H Dehghan, M Kazemi, H Yousefi, B Mahaki,
Volume 22, Issue 6 (1-2015)
Abstract
Introduction: Energy saving is an important item considering environme-nttal protection, economy and science and technology. Hence, one way of energy saving is using compact fluorescent lamps. In these lamps, ultraviolet radiat-ion is generated due to the nature of produce light. Until now, no study has investigated the proper distance to these lamps in Iran. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the safe distance in facing UV rays of compact fluorescent lamps.
Materials & Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 16 compact fluo-rescent lamps (four different brands) in 8 different watts. Measurement was done in 200,150,100,50,25 and 10cm distance and 0,100,200,500,750,1000,1500 and 2000 hours from work time and in zero angles ultraviolet radiation was measured in three fields including UVA, UVB and UVC. The information was analyzed usi-ng SPSS 20 software through one-way ANOVA test.
Findings: ANOVA test showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the intensity of ultraviolet radi-ation at different distances (P<0.05). Also, ANOVA test was done to compare theint-ensity of ultraviolet radiation at different time and results showed that there was not a significant difference between different times in terms of intensity of ultraviolet radiation(P>0.05).
Discussion & Conclusion: In 10cm dis-tance, the intensity of UVA radiation in two lamps (45 and 60 watts) was more than the occupational exposure limits bet-ween eight lamps and in 25cm and more distances, intensity of UVA radiation rea-ched less than the occupational exposure limits. Intensity of UVB radiation among most lamps in 10, 25 and 50 cm distances was more than the occupational exposure limits.
Habibollah Dehghan, Behzad Mahaki, , Mohamad Taghi Bastami,
Volume 23, Issue 6 (1-2016)
Abstract
Introduction: Exposure to noise and heat individually causes some changes in the function of cardiovascular system in workplaces. This study was performed to find the effect of combined effect to heat and noise over systolic and diastolic types of blood pressure in experimentally controlled conditions.
Matherials & methods: This longitudinal study was done on 12 males in climatic chamber in 2014. Blood pressure including Systolic and diastolic ones were measured in the following condition 15 minutes after rest in exposure to heat (40℃, RH: 30%) exposure to noise with 75, 85 and 95 dB rates in thermal comfort condition (22/1 ± 0.9 WBGT) and combined exposure to heat (40℃, RH: 30%) and noise with 75, 85 and 95 dB. Friedman test was used to analyze the data.
Findings: The mean systolic and diastolic rate of blood pressure showed significant difference before and after exposure to heat and noise with the mentioned levels (P>0.001).
Discussion & Conclusions: At first, systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased at exposure to heat, but prolonged exposure decreased the values. Exposure to different levels of noise (75, 85 and 95 dB) especially beyond occupationally standardized levels (95dB) causes elevation of both types of blood pressure to heat and noise. However, subtle changes of blood pressure happened in combined effect to heat and noise actually, middle condition of exposure including every one of heat and noise individually.
Saeed Jazini Dorcheh, Samaneh Dehghan Abnavi, Elaheh Mousavi, Jaber Zabihirad,
Volume 28, Issue 2 (5-2020)
Abstract
Introduction: Occupational stress is recognized as one of the most serious occupational hazards in developed countries. Stress-related problems can cause behavioral, mental, and physical symptoms leading to a decrease in work performance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of aromatherapy using lavender extract on staff job stress in the operating room environment.
Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 25 staff in Hojat ibn-al-Hassan al-Askari Hospital in Isfahan during September 2017. The study sample was selected using the convenience method. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with confirmed validity and reliability. The operating room staff were asked to complete the questionnaires before and after aromatherapy. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical tests (mean and Wilcoxon test).
Findings: The results of the study showed that aromatherapy had only a significant effect on one of the symptoms of job stress (i.e., feeling calm at the workplace). However, there was no statistically significant difference before and after the intervention regarding the total occupational stress of the staff.
Discussion & Conclusions: Due to the effect of aromatherapy with lavender extract on some symptoms of occupational stress, this method can be used in the operating room environment to reduce occupational stress among staff.
Meghdad Kazemi, Alimohammad Abbasi, Mehrdad Kazemi, Narges Jamshidzadeh, Mohammad Amin Rashidi,
Volume 29, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: Risk assessment is a systematic and essential procedure to determine the effects, events, and consequences of human activities on perilous systems. This study aimed to identify the hazards and determine the total risk of various units of Ilam Gas Refinery.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive-inferential study assessed the risks on 18 various units of Ilam Gas Refinery through a combination of Bow-tie and FMEA methods. Initially, the top event, threats, consequences, as well as preventive and recovery measures were identified using the Bow-tie method. Afterward, Risk Priority Number (multiplying severity, occurrence, and detection) was obtained by FMEA. Finally, the risk level was divided into three groups of low, moderate, and high crisis.
Findings: Based on Bow-Tie, the release activity of H2S gas was introduced as the top event. Furthermore, tank leakage and burst, corrosion and wear of pipes and fittings, human error, poor operating conditions, and natural factors in the threat role, as well as damages to human and environmental resources and financial losses were identified as consequences. Based on FMEA, the hazard of tank leakage and burst with two effects of human and environmental damages was in the level of high (major) crisis and was recognized as the most important hazard.
Discussions & Conclusions: Gas refineries are faced with many hazards due to the nature of the work process. The integrated approach of Bow-tie and FMEA is a suitable method for risk assessment in such industries.
Reza Jafari Nodoushan, Ali Sadri Esfahani, Tahmasb Akhtar, Khalil Taherzadeh Chenani,
Volume 29, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: Human error plays a significant role in the occurrence of industrial accidents. Displacement and unloading operations are operations in which the occurrence of human error may lead to plenty of human and financial losses. The present study aimed to investigate the possibility of human error occurrence in overhead crane operators in a Steel Company in Hormozgan, Iran.
Material & Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted using the Standardized Plant Analysis Risk-Human Reliability Analysis (SPAR-H) technique. In this study, the job tasks of overhead crane operators were firstly analyzed using the hierarchical task analysis (HTA) technique. Subsequently, the probability of human error in job tasks was assessed using the SPAR-H technique.
(Ethic code: IR.ACECR.JDM.REC.1399.005)
Findings: Generally, five main tasks and 16 sub-tasks have been analyzed in this study. The highest probability of error was related to the three sub-tasks of longitudinal motion, transverse motion, and high and low motion (0.3975). The lowest probability of error was under the duty of recording shift reports, transmitting information orally, and writing (0.05). The results of this study clearly showed the effect of interdependence on increasing the probability of error occurrence.
Discussion & Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, some preventive measures were proposed to reduce the possibility of human error, including identifying and controlling job stressors, correcting the ergonomic status of crane cabins, preparing work instructions, as well as training and monitoring their proper implementation.
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