Introduction: Pediatric cancer as a prevalent disease and chronic effect parents and its treatment process depend on psychological traits and empowerments of parents. So the present study aimed to compare coping strategies and psychological hardiness between parents of children with cancer of positive and negative responding to treatment.

Materials & methods: Methodology was ex-post facto. Population was all between parents of children with cancer under treatment in Mahak hospital in Tehran in 2016. Subjects were parents of children with cancer (50 positive and 50 negative responding to treatment) selected by available sampling. Coping strategies and psychological hardiness of parents were measured by coping strategies (WOCQ) and Cobasa's personal views (P.V.S) questionnaires and data analyzed by test of t- student.

Findings: The research findings indicated that there is a significant difference between coping strategies (focused emotion and focused problem) and psychological hardiness children's parents with cancer of positive and negative responding to treatment (P<0/01).

Discussion & conclusions: The results provide some evidence to suggest that the coping strategy of focused problem and psychological hardiness of children's parents with cancer of positive responding to treatment is higher than children's parents with cancer of negative responding to treatment. In other words, the coping strategy of focused problem and psychological hardiness of parents can affect positively on treatment of children with cancer. Therefore, it is suggested that in beginning of treatment process of children with cancer, promote the coping strategy of focused problem and psychological hardiness of parents or caregivers.