Introduction: Chromatin Epigenetic changes have a key role in pathophysiology of prostate cancer. The most important epigenetic changes are change in DNA methylation, histones modifications, changes in chromatin status and micro RNAs regulatory patterns which are related to tumor creation. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) comprise a large family of enzymes which act as key regulators of nucleosomal histone consistency. HDACs have a great role to start and develop prostate cancer which is due to changes they create. Epigenetic modifications, in particular DNA hypermethylation and histone acetylation have an essential role in the regulation of genes that protect against prostate cancer. Since epigenetic changes are reversible, they are interesting targets for cancer therapy. Many epi-drugs such as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) show anti-cancer properties in either cell culture or in the animal models of prostate cancer.

 Materials & methods: In this case-control study, RNA extraction was performed on samples then the expression of HDAC1 in human prostate cancer using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This study was conducted comparing 20 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer to 20 disease free control subjects.

Findings: Our findings suggest that the expression of HDAC1 mRNA is tangible and a significant difference was observed between patients and control subjects.

Discussion & conclusions: These results imply that HDAC1 mRNA expression could have potential as a marker and may have prognostic implications for Prostate cancer progression.