[Home ] [Archive]   [ فارسی ]  
:: Main :: About :: Current Issue :: Archive :: Search :: Submit :: Contact ::
Main Menu
Home::
Journal Information::
About the Journal
Editorial Board
Aims& Scopes
Journal News
Articles archive::
All Issues
Current Issue
Browse by Authors
Browse by Keywords
Publication Ethics::
Peer Review Process::
Indexing Databases::
For Authors::
Authors Guideline
Call for Papers
Submission Instruction
Review Process
Research Ethics Statements
Ethical issues
Author Complaint Process
For Reviewers::
Reviewers Section
Subscription::
Registration Information
Subscription Form
Contact us::
Contact Information
Contact us
Site Facilities::
Site map
Search contents
FAQ
Top 10 contents
Inform to friends
::
Google Scholar Metrics

Citation Indices from GS

AllSince 2021
Citations85203963
h-index3120
i10-index25192
..
Search in website

Advanced Search
..
Receive site information
Enter your Email in the following box to receive the site news and information.
..
Registered in

AWT IMAGE

AWT IMAGE
..
:: Volume 34, Issue 4 (9-2026) ::
Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences 2026, 34(4): 63-73 Back to browse issues page
Comparison of Three Decellularization Methods for Preparing Natural Human Ureter Scaffold
Faramarz Fazeli1 , Mahmoud Tavakkoli2 , Mehdi Kheirandish3 , Samira Shahraki *4
1- Dept of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
2- Dept of Urology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
3- Dept of Physiology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
4- Dept of Physiology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran , shahrakis@zaums.ac.ir
Abstract:   (256 Views)
Introduction:  Recently, iatrogenic injuries have been the main cause of ureteral reconstruction. The use of classical surgical treatments has not only introduced significant clinical issues. Therefore, tissue engineering with culturing cells on scaffolds to reconstruct the ureter can relieve these complications. The aim of this study was to identify an appropriate and effective method for preparing a decellularized human ureter scaffold.
Materials & Methods: In the current work, three decellularization protocols were compared on human ureter sections that were obtained under standard conditions from Imam Ali Hospital in Zahedan. In protocol 1, 1% Triton X-100 was used; in the second protocol, 1% SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) was used; and in protocol 3, detergents including 1% SDS and Triton X-100 were used. The efficiency of each decellularization method was assessed on days 5 and 7 by using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining.
Results: Based on the DAPI staining results, the comparison of the decellularized human ureter sections and non-decellularized ureter tissues indicated the removal of cell nuclei and preservation of the extracellular matrix in all segments across all three decellularization protocols at all time points. The elimination of cellular components was more pronounced in protocol 3 compared to the other protocols. Moreover, in these protocols, day 7 was more effective in removing cell nuclei and cellular components from the human ureter compared to day 5.
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that protocol 3 of decellularization on day 7 is a more effective method than other protocols for producing natural human ureter scaffolds.

 
Keywords: Human ureter, Decellularization, Sodium dodecyl sulfate, Triton X-100
Full-Text [PDF 756 kb]   (106 Downloads)    
Editorial Note: Research | Subject: biology
Received: 2025/12/30 | Accepted: 2026/06/22 | Published: 2026/09/27
References
1. Orabi H, Bouhout S, Morissette A, Rousseau A, Chabaud S, Bolduc S. Tissue engineering of urinary bladder and urethra: advances from bench to patients. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013;2013:154564. doi: 10.1155/2013/154564.
2. Lee SJ. Cytokine delivery and tissue engineering. Yonsei Med J . 2000;41(6):704-19. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2000.41.6.704.
3. Park KD, Kwon IK, Kim YH. Tissue engineering of urinary organs. Yonsei Med J. 2000; 41:780-8. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2000.41.6.780.
4. Orbay H, Tobita M, Mizuno H. Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from adipose and other tissues: basic biological properties and clinical applications. Stem Cells Int. 2012; 2012:461718. doi: 10.1155/2012/461718.
5. Davis N, Cunnane E, O'brien F, Mulvihill J, Walsh M. Tissue engineered extracellular matrices (ECMs) in urology: Evolution and future directions. Surgeon. 2018;16:55-65. doi: 10.1016/j.surge.2017.07.002.
6. Kloskowski T, Kowalczyk T, Nowacki M, Drewa T. Tissue engineering and ureter regeneration: is it possible? Int J Artifl Organs. 2013;36:392-405. doi: 10.5301/ijao.5000130.
7. Janke HP, de Jonge PK, Feitz WF, Oosterwijk E. Reconstruction strategies of the ureter and urinary diversion using tissue engineering approaches. Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2019;25:237-48. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEB.2018.0345.
8. Lee GY, Kenny PA, Lee EH, Bissell MJ. Three-dimensional culture models of normal and malignant breast epithelial cells. Nat Methods. 2007;4:359-65. doi: 10.1038/nmeth1015.
9. Zhao P, Gu H, Mi H, Rao C, Fu J, Turng L-s. Fabrication of scaffolds in tissue engineering: A review. Front Mech Eng. 2018;13:107-19.
10. Atala A. Regenerative medicine strategies. J Pediatr Surg. 2012;47:17-28. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2011.10.013.
11. Yang Q, Peng J, Guo Q, Huang J, Zhang L, Yao J, et al. A cartilage ECM-derived 3-D porous acellular matrix scaffold for in vivo cartilage tissue engineering with PKH26-labeled chondrogenic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials. 2008;29:2378-87. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.01.037.
12. Xiao S-w, Wang P-c, Fu W-j, Wang Z-x, Li G, Zhang X. Novel perfusion-decellularized method to prepare decellularized ureters for ureteral tissue-engineered repair. J Biosci Bioeng. 2016;122:758-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.06.009.
13. Zhang Y, Yoo JJ, Atala A. Tissue engineering: bladder and urethra. Principles of Tissue Engineering. 2020:845-62. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-818422-6.00048-4
14. Badylak SF, Taylor D, Uygun K. Whole-organ tissue engineering: decellularization and recellularization of three-dimensional matrix scaffolds. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2011;13:27-53. doi:10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071910-124743.
15. Reing JE, Zhang L, Myers-Irvin J, Cordero KE, Freytes DO, Heber-Katz E, et al. Degradation products of extracellular matrix affect cell migration and proliferation. Tissue Eng Part A. 2009;15:605-14. doi: 10.1089/ten.tea.2007.0425.
16. Badylak SF, Freytes DO, Gilbert TW. Extracellular matrix as a biological scaffold material: structure and function. Acta Biomater. 2009;5:1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.09.013.
17. Guruswamy Damodaran R, Vermette P. Tissue and organ decellularization in regenerative medicine. Biotechnol Prog. 2018;34:1494-505. doi: 10.1002/btpr.2699. Epub 2018 Oct 8.
18. Choi SH, Chun SY, Chae SY, Kim JR, Oh SH, Chung SK, et al. Development of a porcine renal extracellular matrix scaffold as a platform for kidney regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2015;103:1391-403. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.35274.
19. Rafighdoust A, Shahri NM, Baharara J. Decellularized kidney in the presence of chondroitin sulfate as a natural 3D scaffold for stem cells. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2015;18:788.
20. Narita Y, Kagami H, Matsunuma H, Murase Y, Ueda M, Ueda Y. Decellularized ureter for tissue-engineered small-caliber vascular graft. J Artif Organs. 2008;11:91-9. doi: 10.1007/s10047-008-0407-6.
21. Koch H, Hammer N, Ossmann S, Schierle K, Sack U, Hofmann J, et al. Tissue engineering of ureteral grafts: preparation of biocompatible crosslinked ureteral scaffolds of porcine origin. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2015;3:89. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00089.
22. Sabetkish S, Sabetkish N, Kajbafzadeh A-M. Regeneration of muscular wall of the bladder using a ureter matrix graft as a scaffold. Biotech Histochem. 2022;97:207-14. doi: 10.1080/10520295.2021.1931448.
23. Yang Y, Huang H, Li L, Yang Y. Multiplex Immunohistochemistry Staining for Paraffin-embedded lung cancer tissue. J Vis Exp. 2023;(201). doi: 10.3791/65850.
24. Kajbafzadeh A-M, Javan-Farazmand N, Monajemzadeh M, Baghayee A. Determining the optimal decellularization and sterilization protocol for preparing a tissue scaffold of a human-sized liver tissue. Tissue Eng Part C Methods. 2013;19:642-51. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEC.2012.0334. Epub 2013 Feb 14.
25. Kuniakova M, Klein M, Galfiova P, Csobonyeiova M, Feitscherova C, Polak S, et al. Decellularization of the human urethra for tissue engineering applications. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2023;248:1034-42. doi: 10.1177/15353702231162092.
26. Eberli D, Atala A. Tissue engineering using adult stem cells. Methods Enzymol. 2006;420:287-302. doi: 10.1016/S0076-6879(06)20013-2.
27. Gilbert TW, Sellaro TL, Badylak SF. Decellularization of tissues and organs. Biomaterials. 2006;27:3675-83. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.02.014.
28. Simões IN, Vale P, Soker S, Atala A, Keller D, Noiva R, et al. Acellular urethra bioscaffold: decellularization of whole urethras for tissue engineering applications. Sci Rep. 2017;7:41934. doi: 10.1038/srep41934.
29. Gilbert TW, Sellaro TL, Badylak SF. Decellularization of tissues and organs. Biomaterials . 2006;27:3675-83. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.02.014.
30. Ross EA, Abrahamson DR, St. John P, Clapp WL, Williams MJ, Terada N, et al. Mouse stem cells seeded into decellularized rat kidney scaffolds endothelialize and remodel basement membranes. Organogenesis. 2012;8:49-55. doi: 10.4161/org.20209. Epub 2012 Apr 1.
31. Narita Y, Kagami H, Matsunuma H, Murase Y, Ueda M, Ueda Y. Decellularized ureter for tissue-engineered small-caliber vascular graft. J Artif Organs. 2008;11:91-9. doi: 10.1007/s10047-008-0407-6.
32. Crapo PM, Gilbert TW, Badylak SF. An overview of tissue and whole organ decellularization processes. Biomaterials. 2011;32:3233-43. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.01.057.
33. Xu Y, Fu W, Wang Z, Li G, Zhang X. A tissue-specific scaffold for tissue engineering-based ureteral reconstruction. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0120244. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120244.
34. de Haan MJ, Witjas FM, Engelse MA, Rabelink TJ. Have we hit a wall with whole kidney decellularization and recellularization: A review. Curr Opin in Biomed Eng. 2021;20:100335. doi:10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100335.
35. Yamada KM, Even-Ram S. Integrin regulation of growth factor receptors. Nat cell Biol. 2002;4:E75-E6. doi:10.1038/ncb0402-e75.
36. Wang P, Xiao S, Fu W, Wang Z, Zhang X, editors. A preliminary study on the promotion of canine adipose-derived stem cell differentiation by perfusion-decellularized ureter matrix. Transplant Proc. 2021;53:2052-59. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.06.008.
37. de Jonge P, Simaioforidis V, Geutjes P, Oosterwijk E, Feitz W. Ureteral reconstruction with reinforced collagen scaffolds in a porcine model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2018;12:80-8. doi: 10.1002/term.2366. Epub 2017 Jun 7.
Send email to the article author

Add your comments about this article
Your username or Email:

CAPTCHA

Ethics code: IR.ZAUMS.REC.1401.172

XML   Persian Abstract   Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Fazeli F, Tavakkoli M, Kheirandish M, Shahraki S. Comparison of Three Decellularization Methods for Preparing Natural Human Ureter Scaffold. J. Ilam Uni. Med. Sci. 2026; 34 (4) :63-73
URL: http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-8877-en.html
Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Volume 34, Issue 4 (9-2026) Back to browse issues page
مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences
Persian site map - English site map - Created in 0.17 seconds with 41 queries by YEKTAWEB 4773