96 1563-4728 Ilam University of Medical Sciences 1218 psychology The relationship of internet addiction with depression, mental health and demographic characteristic in the students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Shahbazirad A Mirderikvand f c c Lurestan University 1 9 2014 22 4 1 8 03 10 2013 12 05 2014 Introduction: Internet as a new consequence can be useful and effective and sometimes hazardous and dangerous due to improper use, and threatened the mental health of the users. This study examines the relationship of Internet addiction with symptoms of depression, mental health, and demographic characteristics among the students of Kermanshah University of medical sciences. Materials & Method: This Study was conducted on 200 students of Kermanshah University of medical sciences that were selected by random cluster sampling, And answered the Young's Internet Addiction Scale (1998) and Beck Depression Inventory(short item form-BDI), and Mental Health Questionnaire, and demographic information. Statistical methods used included Pearson correlation and t-test, and the data was analyzed by software SPSS (V-17). Findings: Internet addiction had positive relation with depression and negative with mental health (P<0/001). According to demographic characteristics of the students such as male and female, single and married, there was no significant difference in the Internet addiction While the rate of the internet addiction was more in non-native than native(P<0/05). Discussion & Conclusion: In order to proper use of the Internet, should be conducted an appropriate culture and education, also suitable methods should be alternative for incorrect ways to use the Internet.
1230 environmental healt Hospital waste management more important than domestic sewage- case study of Hospitals in Kermanshah Province sharafi kiomars d karami amir e navazeshkhah fatemeh f moradi masoud g d kermanshah university of medical scince e kermanshah university of medical scince f kermanshah university of medical scince g kermanshah university of medical scince 1 9 2014 22 4 9 17 07 10 2013 12 05 2014 Background and Aims: The discharge wastewater of hospital into surface and groundwater to be provide the major risks and challenges for the human. So, this study is an attempt to be examined the treatment and disposal of hospital wastewater status in Kermanshah Province in 2011-12. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive - analytic study was conducted that included all hospitals in Kermanshah province (19 private and public hospitals). Tools and methods of data collection through the Czech list (including 18 questions about general and specific information on the status of hospital treatment and sewage disposal) that were matched with the person. Finally the resulting data were recorded in the form of tables and graphs. Results: The results showed that total of 19 hospitals, 7 hospitals (36.8% of all hospitals) have a wastewater treatment system in use (active), 5 hospitals (24.4%) with a wastewater treatment system inactive and 7 Hospital (36.8 %) do not have a wastewater treatment plant. Conclusion: According to numerous risks that humans and the environment are faced with result in hospital wastewater discharged into municipal sewers, so the lack of wastewater treatment in 12 hospitals (63.15%) is concerned. So getting policies for the construction of wastewater treatment systems in all hospital and operation by companies and professionals in the field, chlorinated raw sewage (wastewater treated if possible) to reduce pollution entering the collection and treatment network House of sewage, Adequately monitor the health authorities, water companies and other related organizations are alternatives that can be very effective to meet the standards required in a hospital and Environmental Management System (ISO14000) in set of management processes to improve the quality adjustment of hospital waste. 1509 psychology A study of effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) on reducing marital stress in women Shakarami M h davarniya r i zahrakar K j h Kharazmi University of Tehran i Kharazmi University of Tehran j Kharazmi University of Tehran 1 9 2014 22 4 18 26 16 01 2014 26 02 2014 Introduction: Solution-focused brief therapy is a collaborative and non-pathological approach for therapy that emphasizes on finding solution by client with the help of therapist. This research was conducted with the aim of the studying effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy on decrease of marital stress of women. Materials & Methods: The method of this research is semi-pilot in type of pretest_ post-test_ follow-up with control group. Statistical sample includes all women who have referred to Hamyaran Salamat ravan institutein Bojnourd with couple problems. The sample included 20 women who were selected with convenience sampling method and randomly exposure in experiment and control groups. The devise of the research was Stockholm-Tehran marital stress scale (STMSS). Before doing the experimental intervention (SFBT), the rate of marital stress in experimental and control groups was measured. Then, the sessions of solution-focused therapy for experiment group were conducted in 6 sessions that each was 1.5 hour. Also after a month, the follow-up test was conducted for assessment of permanence of therapy effect. For analysis of data used an-covariate and descriptive statistical methods and SPSS 18. Findings: The results showed that solution-focused brief therapy significantly has decreased the couple stress in women in the post-test (F=23.545, P<0.001) and follow-up (F=25.721 , P<0.001) phase. Discussion & Conclusion: Solution –focused brief therapy may benefit for decreasing marital problems of couples. 1437 infectious diseases The Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using OAK fruit extract and the investigation of their Anti-microbial Activities against nosocomial infection agents chahardoli m k khodadadi e l k IRAN, ILAM, ILAM University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding l IRAN, ILAM, ILAM University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding 1 9 2014 22 4 27 33 25 12 2013 12 05 2014 Abstract Introduction:Bacteria is the most of nosocomial infection creating agent that has created many problems for human health by resistant to conventional antibiotics. Silver nanoparticles have high antimicrobial properties which can be used in various fields of medicine and public health control. The purpose of this study was to produce silver nanoparticles with single-stage Biological method through applications of oak fruit extract and investigate its anti-bacterial activity. Materials & Methods: the extract of oak fruit was prepared and added to the silver nitrate solution. The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles in solution was investigated through checking color change and the degree of absorption in different wavelengths by spectrophotometer. The Anti-microbial Activities of the Silver nanoparticles in solution against Escherichia coli PTCC 1330، Staphylococcus aureus PTCC 1112، Pseudomonas aeruginosa PTCC 1074 و Bacillus subtilis PTCC 1715 bacteria was investigated by inhibition zone method. Findings: The color changing was observed from transparent to deep brown in the solutions . the degree of absorption was increased and in 420 nm maximum absorption was observed. The antibacterial activity against all bacteria was investigated and approved. Discussion & Conclusions: the Silver nanoparticles was synthesised in a single-stage and little time and showed suitable antibacterial activity. 1336 Environmental health Investigation on the Concentration of Nitrate and Nitrite in Ilam ground waters amarloei a nazeri m sayeh miri K nourmoradi h khodarahmi f 1 9 2014 22 4 34 41 18 11 2013 07 01 2014 Introduction: Nitrate and nitrite are considered as ground water pollutants in recent years due to the increasing the industrials, agricultures and as well as municipal wastewaters. The concentration of these pollutants in ground water is increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate the nitrate and nitrite concentration in Ilam Township. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 60 drinking water wells at the various location of Ilam. 60 water samples were collected and the content of nitrate and nitrite of the samples was determined with spectrophotometer (DR-5000). The data was finally analyzed by SPSS and Arc view GIS softwares. Findings: The findings showed that the concentration of nitrate and nitrite in 98.33% of the samples was lower than the standards and 1.67% of the samples had the ions concentration higher than the standards. The highest concentration of nitrate ions (10.5 mg/l on the basis of N) was attributed to the well studied at Haft Cheshmeh Village located in the agricultural area. The highest concentration of nitrite ions (1.19 mg/l on the basis of N) was also belonged to the well studied at Abza Village located in the agricultural area. There was no significant difference between the concentration of nitrate (p-value=0.96) and nitrite (p-value=0.71) among the various area (agricultural, industrial and urban). Discussion & Conclusion: It was concluded that the water quality studied was now corresponded to the Iran drinking water standards. Nevertheless, the monitoring of these water resources is essential and treatment and sanitary disposal of wastewaters most be considered. Keywords: Ilam, Ground Water, Water Pollution, Nitrate, Nitrite. 1713 Environmental health Monitoring of the Eutrophication Phenomenon in Ekbatan Reservoir Dam Using Carlson's weysi k samarghandi m Nourmoradi H Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran 1 9 2014 22 4 42 50 15 04 2014 23 07 2014 Aim and Background: Nowadays, various pollutions have been introduced into the surface water due to the population and industries development. Eutrophication can cause the decrease of the water quality because of the introduction of the nutrient such as nitrate and phosphorus. In higher reservoir such as Ekbatan dam, the quality of water as a result of algae is not permissible by consumers. The aim of this study was to investigate the Eutrophication of Ekbatan dam based on the Carlson and Chapra indexes. Materials and Methods: In this study, Eutrophication of the Akbatan Lake was determined by monthly measurements of nitrate, phosphate and chlorophyll during 2010. The samplings were conducted in the depth of 0.5 m of the reservoir. Then, the Eutrophication conditions of the dam were determined on the based on Eutrophication Carlson and Chapra indexes. Results and Discussion: Results showed, the more Eutrophication had as for August (53.66 Eutrophic) and Minimal Eutrophication status as for February (45.97 Eutrophic). our result Indicates that the reservoir has improved conditions in the winter Mesotrophic. Also the high Eutrophication was observed at Station of No. 6 of the Lakes. Phosphorus compound was a main factor for eutrophication that entered lakes reservoir of extra resources. Conclusion: The Eutrophication indexes showed that lake have the dangerous eutrophication conditions during a most months of the year this phenomenon could be serious and reduced of dissolved oxygen in water in dry and normal years and was reduced of water quality from the dam. 1603 psychology A Investigation about Effect of Jender,Job Satisfection,Satisfaction from Welfar and Stste of marriage on Depression In Nurses of Public Hospitals of Ilam County and it’s associated Factors. mami s mahdian k davoodian z 1 9 2014 22 4 51 56 19 02 2014 21 06 2014 Introduction: Depression is the most common mental disorder in all cultures. Nurses are among professional groups that are affected by psychological factors and depression are their common problem. The objective of this study was to examine the abundance of depression,a group of nurses. Materials and Methods: this is a descriptive study with 117 participant. They works in publish hospitals. We used from beak, a depression questionnair consisted of 21 multi question, scored between 0 to 3 with croon beach alpha 0/78 and retest score of 74%, Field worth job satisfaction questionnaire consisted of 19 multi chore question with α=96% and researcher- made questionnair of satisfaction from welfare possibilities. For data analyzing, we used from descriptive statistics and t-test for independent groups. Research finding: based on findings of this research, there is difference between nurses’ depression level based on gender and male nurses show a significant depression level. But marital status, job signification and satisfication from welfare possibilities had not significant effect on nurse’s depression ratio. Discussion and Conclusion: based on research finding we should pay attention to nurses’deprrssion seriously, because depression had negative effect on their job performance and servicing quality to the patients. Specially in male nurses the experience a increased pressure in term of over time working and working sections. Key words: Depression, job satisfaction, satesfaction from welfare possibilities. 1109 infectious diseases Matching of Clinical, Radiologic and Laboratory findings of Acute bacterial Community Acquired Pneumonia in adults admitted to Valiasr Hospital in 2011 mohamadi fard m ebrahimzadeh a 1 9 2014 22 4 57 64 25 07 2013 25 02 2014 Introducion: Pneumonia is still the most common cause of human death due to infectious disease. The causative agent of pneumonia is often undetectable. Regarding the need of correct and in time treatment of patients suffering from CAP, we carried out this study to evaluate the clinical, laboratory and radiologic findings in adults suffered from acute community acquiredPneumonia. Materials and methods: In this study we evaluated 152 patients with mean age 60.86( 19-92 ) year, with initial clinical diagnosis of Community Acquired Pneumonia)CAP (presented to the Emergency department. A check-list was completed for each patient based on their demographic informations,. Finally we compared the diagnostic value of different finding with each other. The data was collected, entered into SPSS and was analyzed by (α=0.05). Findings: Acute bacterial CAP as a final diagnosis was confirmed in 50% of the patients under study. The most common clinical signs and symptoms were fever, cough, sputum and abnormal breath sounds on examination. Microbiologically, among 121 cases whom specimens were cultured, 20 cases were culture positive for lung pathogens. The most common germ was Staphylococcus Aureus (7 cases ), then Pneumococcus, Klebsiella ، pseudomonas and Moraxella Catarrhalis were the next. The most common radiologic pattern noted was petechial infiltration (42.8%) then lobar infiltration (9.2%) and in 23% of patients no abnormal radiologic finding was noted. In this study laboratory diagnosis had sensitivity = 22/37% and specificity = 96.05%. For radiologic diagnosis sensitivity = 100% and specificity = 89.47%, in case of CRP positive sensitivity = 90.79% and specificity = 50%. Discussion and Conclusion: in this study CXR was the best way for the diagnosis of CAP., If this diagnostic test was inaccessible, valuable clinical signs and symptoms which were cough, sputum, fever and abnormal breath sounds in combination with. CRP and WBC count are beneficial in of CAP. 1358 psychology The effect of personality factors on retrieval of autobiographical memory moshki m zare h 1 9 2014 22 4 65 73 29 11 2013 27 04 2014 Abstract Introduction: Many studies in the field of memory is done in related to autobiographical memory and factors affecting it. Considering the role of mood's characteristics on retrieving of memory, This study was conducted to investigate the effects of personality factors on retrieval of autobiographical memory. Materials & methods: The research method was correlation and statistical population consisted of all Payam Noor University Students in South Khorasan Province that 146 of them were selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling method. SAM questionnaire is used to determine of students score in autobiographical memory and NEOFF-I questionnaire is used to determine of students score in five factors of personality. Data were analyzed by using regression and univariate on SPSS 18 software. Finding: Results showed that all personality factors are predictors of autobiographical memory score (p< 0/01). In addition, investigated the effects of gender and field of study on retrieval of autobiographical memory, which the results showed no effect of these two factors on students' autobiographical memory. Discussion & conclusion: The results showed that the five factors of personality can act as predictors of students' autobiographical memory. Also factors such as educational and gender differences cannot be effective for the retrieval of autobiographical memories. Keywords: Autobiographical memory, personality factors, gender differences, educational differences, Payam Noor University. 1329 animal physiology Effect of Zingiber officinale on analgesia induced by Morphine in adult male Wistar rats gomar a mirazi n gomar m 1 9 2014 22 4 74 82 16 11 2013 12 05 2014 Aim: There are some reports in traditional medicine concerning the anti-inflammatory effect of Zingiber officinale. In the present study with the aim of decreasing analgesic dose of Morphine, analgesic effect of different doses of ginger hydroethanolic extract alone and associated with Morphine were evaluated by Tail-Flick in rats. Material and Methods: Animals were divided randomly into six groups (n=6). 30min after treatment, Rats were placed into restrainer and then transferred into the Tail-Flick apparatus. Results were expressed as mean±SEM. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Statistical significance was considered at P<0.05. Results: The Data have shown that the ginger extract relieved pain in tail-flick test (P˂0.001). Also this result was shown the extract combined with morphine (P˂0.05). Conclusion: Our data show that hydroethanolic extract of ginger has an important antinociceptive effect that possibly through the intervention of the central and peripheral systems involved in pain pathways can lead to decrease pain in rats. On the basis the results obtained in this study, it could be suggested that the ginger extract potentiates morphine increase antinociceptive effect and this means that the opioid system may be involved in the analgesic effect of this plant extract. Also due to the effects of morphine, Combination Extract and Morphine can decrease doses of Morphine, therefore can be able decrease side effect of this drug. 1383 social psychology The relationship between parental attachment and students’ academic adjustments among first year student in Hamadan University of Medicine and Health Sciences Parsa N Ahmad Panah M Parsa P Ghaleiha A Research Institue of Behavioral Disorder and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Research Institue of Behavioral Disorder and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Research Center of Chronic Diseases Care in Home, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Research Institue of Behavioral Disorder and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences 1 9 2014 22 4 83 90 07 12 2013 06 05 2014 Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between parental attachment and students’ academic adjustments among first year student in Hamadan University of Medicine and Health Sciences. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 395 first year students between 17-19 years old were requited through in convenience method during first semester 1389-90. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire including, socio-demography, parental attachments, inter- parental conflicts, social skills, and academic achievements. Data were analyzed by descriptive and interferential statistics through SPSS (version 17). Results: The results showed that the mean age of students was 18.57(SD 0.43). Most of students were female (70.6%). 72% were studied in bachelor level. The most of students (82%) were lived in universities' campuses and 15% lived with their family. In the families having the higher parental attachments and the lower inter-parental conflicts, their students had higher level of academic adjustments. In addition students who had higher social skills had better academic adjustments than others (p<0.01). Conclusions: The results reveled the role of the quality of parent-child relationships on their students' academic adjustments. Parental supports and understanding have an important role in solving student's problems in universities .Therefore it should be considered by higher education administration policies. 1388 genetic mlvkly microRNA-Based Anticancer Therapies Motamed N Jahanafrooz Z University of Tehran University of Tehran 1 9 2014 22 4 91 101 09 12 2013 08 03 2014 Despite advances in diagnosis and therapies, cancer is still the leading cause of death worldwide. The etiology of cancer is complex, and both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the complicated scenario. More recently, a new class of small non-coding RNAs called microRNAs (miRs or miRNAs) has been linked to several human diseases, including cancer. MicroRNAs are involved in eukaryotic gene regulation, either by translational inhibition or exonucleolytic mRNA decay, targeted through imperfect complementarity between the microRNA and the 3′_ untranslated region (3′_UTR) of the mRNA. Since their ability to potentially target many of human mRNA, it is likely that microRNAs are involved in almost every biological process, including cell cycle regulation, cell growth, apoptosis, cell differentiation and stress response. In cancer, miRNAs function as regulatory molecules, acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The possibility to modulate microRNA expression both in vitro and in vivo by developing synthetic pre-microRNA molecules or anti-microRNA antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide (AMO) has suggested the intriguing and promising perspective of a possible use in therapeutic strategies. 1287 medical parasitology Serological study of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Babol, northern Iran 2012-2013 Kalantari N Ghaffari S Bayani M Agapour R Zeinalzadeh M Gavipanjeh F Abedian Z Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Department of Parasitology –Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol University of Medical, Babol, Iran Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol University of Medical, Babol, Iran Department of Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol University of Medical, Babol, Iran Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 1 9 2014 22 4 102 108 24 10 2013 24 05 2014 Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world and it caused by an intracellular protozoan called Toxoplasma gondii. This parasitic infection is usually asymptomatic in adults, but it become complicated if fetus infection occurred. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Babol, northern Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study during the years 2012-2013, 175 pregnant women in the first trimester of their pregnancy participated. Two ml blood was obtained from each participant and serum was separated. Then, anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were measured using ELISA method. Participants' demographic information and the risk factors were collected by questionnaire. Anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were measured in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy for who attended to the study. Results: The mean of age was 27.4 ± 9.5 years. 106 cases (60.6 %) had anti- Toxoplasma gondii antibodies (IgG) and 64 women (36.6 % ) had no specific antibody. The prevalence of infection was different in relation with age and location, but the difference is not statistically significant (p >0.05). Also, a statistically significant difference between prevalence of infection and other risk factors, such as abortion was not demonstrated. No case of acute Toxoplasma infection in the mother or congenital toxoplasmosis was reported. Conclusion: This study showed that over fifty percent of Toxoplasma infection occurs in twenty-five years of age. Furthermore, it showed that 36.6% of the studied population (pregnant women) was seronegative. Therefore, Toxoplasma infection should be screened in pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy in order to perform preventative measure of congenital toxoplasmosis. 1682 Microbiology Comparison phenotypic methods with mecA gene analysis for the detection of methicillin/oxacillin resistance in clinical isolates of staphylococcus aurous in sanandaj city Amini D keshavarzi f fatahi rad a Department of biology, Kurdistan Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad university, sanandaj, Iran Department of biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad university, sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran 1 9 2014 22 4 109 122 29 03 2014 28 05 2014 Abstract Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important agents of many infections in hospitals and society. Increasing Staphylococcus aureus resistance to antibacterial drugs is one of the major health concerns, therefore studying antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus is very important and it has a main role in preventing creation of resistant strains. Materials and Methods: The antibiotic resistance of 150 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from various clinical specimens was determined by disk agar diffusion (DAD) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Statistical analysis of data has performed by SPSS and Microsoft Office Excel software. Findings: Using the DAD method, 77/33% (116/150) of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to Methicillin and 47/33% (71/150) were resistant to oxacillin. The results indicated that primer MR3,4 was more appropriate than primer MR1,2 for the detection of mecA gene in MRSA. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study can provide guidance for physicians toward a more appropriate treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections in Iran, thereby preventing the emergence of further antibiotic resistance among Staphylococcus aureus. Our results also revealed the need for further investigations using a higher number of specimens representing a wider variety of locations to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns in our state more precisely. 1361 physiology The effect of berberine chloride on oxidative stress in hippocampus of streptozotocin-diabetic rats kalalian moghadam h baloch nejad mojarad p roghani m khaksari m norouzi p fazli m ahoei m 1 9 2014 22 4 123 131 30 11 2013 12 05 2014 Background and Objective Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as stroke, seizures, dementia, and cognitive impairment. Berberine, a natural isoquinolne alkaloid, is reported to exhibit beneficial effect in various neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Hyperglycemia through Enzymatic and non-enzymatic processes induces glucose spontaneous oxidation and by stimulating the production of active oxygen and nitrogen lead to oxidative stress. Also overproduction of ROS can cause to DNA and proteins damage and affected function of receptors, enzymes, transport proteins, and inactive antioxidant defense system enzymes or enzymes involved in the repair. Material and Methods: In this study, the male wistar rats (n = 90) were randomly allocated into five groups: control, control berberine-treated (100 mg/kg), diabetic, berberine-treated diabetic (50, 100 mg/kg) groups. Diabetes was induced intraperinoneally STZ administration at the dose of 60mg/kg. Berberine was orally administered at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day one week after STZ injection for a period of 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken from the tail vein 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after STZ injection to measure blood glucose levels. Lipid peroxidation, nitrite levels and superoxid dismutase activity were evaluated as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Data were analyzed by using Prism-5, one way ANOVA and Tukey tests. RESULTS: Eight weeks after diabetes induction we observed an increase in lipid peroxidation, decreased superoxide dismutase activity, and elevated nitrite levels in the hippocampus of STZ-diabetic rats relative to levels in the control brains. In contrast, chronic treatment with berberine (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o., once daily) lowered hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and prevents the up regulation of GFAP in brain of diabetic rats. Conclusion: the present study demonstrates treatment with berberine resulted in an obvious reduction of oxidative stress in hippocampus of STZ -induced diabetic rats 1415 Environmental health Investigation on the Microbial Quality of Water Treatment centers in Abadan City babaei a ghafari zadeh f normoradi h ahmadi angali k moslemnia m salimi j 1 9 2014 22 4 132 140 18 12 2013 12 04 2014 Abstract Introduction: Water treatment by membrane methods such as reverse osmosis is used by people in the region that the quality of drinking water is not suitable. The low quality of water in Abadan city is resulted in the use of water treatment centers with reverse osmosis (RO) systems and distribution of water by portable tanks over the city. In this study, the microbial quality of product water supplied by the treatment centers and portable water tanks was examined. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the water treatment centers and portable water tanks over six months (summer and autumn 2012) in Abadan city. A total of 159 samples were taken and examined by the standard procedures. The parameters of E.coli, coliform, TDS, EC, pH, residual chlorine and turbidity were measured in this work. Results: The results showed that 2% of water treatment centers and 5% of portable tanks were contaminated by E.coli microorganism. The residual chlorine and turbidity of water samples were also undesirable in the 92% and 87% of the tested samples, respectively. But, the results of the EC, TDS and PH analysis of the water samples showed that the quality of these parameters were in the range of the national and international standards. Discussion and Conclusion: Despite more microbial contamination of water in the portable water tanks toward the water treatment centers, the statistical analysis did not show the significant difference between them (P-value>0.05). But, due to the high microbial contamination observed in the portable tanks, the adding the disinfectants into the water tanks and educating the portable tanks operators to rise of their awareness can be effective in reducing the secondary bacterial infections. 2109 Microbiology Comparison of Application clotrimazole Cream and Povidone iodine on Common Vaginal Infections nasrolah zade e daoodian a nazari shad z jalilian m solaimani s madihi v 1 9 2014 22 4 141 146 08 09 2014 08 09 2014 Introduction: Human vagina represents a dynamic ecosystem dominated by certain species of Lactobacillus. These microorganisms restrict the growth of pathogens by using properties of steric exclusion and inhibitory substance production. Women with reduced numbers of lactobacilli usually experience serious complications including bacterial and fungal infections. External application of these medicines causes appropriate growth of Lactobacillus which consequently reduces the infections. The aim of this research is to compare the application of Povidone iodine and Clotrimazol cream on vaginal infections. The aim of this research is comparison of treatment with Povidone-iodine and clotrimazole on Materials & Methods: Vaginal discharge of women referring to Rasht’s Alzahra hospital was transferred to lab. Samples were plated on sabouraud dextrose agar medium for isolation of fungi. Specific tests were done for the study of Candida albicans. Also, different dilution of povidone-iodine and clotrimazole were tested on samples. Findings: According to results of culture medium, clotrimazole had better effect on Candida albicans in comparison with povidone-iodine. Discussion & Conclusion: Due to the side effects and unpleasant picture of povidoneiodine usage, clotrimazole is suitable against Candida albicans infections. 1344 toxicology The protective effects of zinc on malathion-induced acute oxidative injury in ‎‎blood rats ‎ abdolmaleki m ghasemi h haidari shaiesteh t hosaini m ranjbar a 1 9 2014 22 4 147 152 19 11 2013 12 05 2014 The protective effects of zinc on malathion-induced acute oxidative injury in ‎male rats ‎ Abstract Introduction: Malathion is one of the most toxic organophosphorus insecticides (OPIs). OPIs may induce oxidative stress in various tissues leading to generation of free radicals and alteration in antioxidant system. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of Antioxidant effects of zinc were evaluated against malathion-induced oxidative damage in male rat. Materials & Methods: Rats received malathion (250 mg /kg/day, IP) and zinc (5 mg/kg/day, IP) in combination or alone. 20 male rats were equally divided in to 4 groups (5 rats each). Group I (control), while Group II was given malathion. Animals of Groups III received only zinc. Group IV was given zinc+ malathion once for acute test. After treatment, blood was isolated. Cholinestrase activity (ChE) and oxidative stress marker such as total thiol groups (TTG) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentration were measured. Results: Malathion reduced activity of ChE enzyme, TTG and TAC in blood. The changes in TTG and TAC, were restored by zinc. Conclusion:d. It is concluded that oxidative damage is the mechanism of toxicity of malathion that can be recovered by zinc. 2115 toxicology Investigation on the Inhibitory Effects of Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Thymbra spicata on the Growth of Lung Cancer Cell Line SK-Mes-1 sabz ali s rostam zad a panahi j havasian m haghani k bakhtiary s 1 9 2014 22 4 153 158 13 09 2014 13 09 2014 Introduction: Lung cancer is one of the main causes of death among cancers worldwide. Since the most of current treatments for cancer are inefficient and have several side effects, finding an effective and alternative treatment has a great importance. To this end, medicinal plants have gained a special significance in recent years. The aim of this study was to examine the inhibitory effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Thymbra spicata on the growth of lung cancer cell line SK-Mes-1. Materials & Methods: After cultivation of SK-MES-1 cells, these cells were treated with the several doses of hydro-alcoholic extract of Thymbra spicata for 24, 48, 72 hours to quantify IC50 value. After treatment, MTT was performed. Furthermore, to evaluate DNA fragmentation, DNA was extracted 24 hours after treatment and electrophoresis was done on agarose 1%. Findings: The results of MTT indicated that this extract has a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on SSK-MES-1 cells. IC50 of this extract was determined as 110 microgram/ ml for SK-MES-1 cells. MTT results at 48 and 72 hours had a no significant difference with 24 hours. Also, treatment with this extract had no any effect on DNA fragmentation. Discussion & Conclusion: Results of this study indicated that hydro-alcoholic extract of Thymbra spicata could inhibit the growth of lung cancer cell SK-MES-1 through direct cytotoxic effects. Further studies are suggested to be conducted on cell growth pathways to determine the molecular mechanisms of this inhibitory effect. 2116 toxicology Investigating the Level of Nervousness among Female Students in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 1390 khani jihoni a kashfi m babaee haidar abadi a imanzad m yazdan khah m 1 9 2014 22 4 159 164 13 09 2014 13 09 2014 Introduction: Stress is a complex phenolmenon which concentrates on thedynamic relation between human and environment. Education is a stressful experience, especially in medical sciences since it is one of the most stressful occupations. The critical concern about students is the effect of stress on their education, so it is necessary to take preventive policies against stress and its consequences. This study is conducted to investtigate the effect of stress and its associated factors on female students in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 420 female students in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences who were randomly selected. To collect the data, Harrey stress test was given to the students. The collected data was analyzed by the SPSS software. Findings: Results of the study showed that 9.9% (42 students) of studentswerehealthyand gained less than 150 score and 90.1% (381 students) suffered from moderate nervousness. The obtained results indicated a significant relationship between marital status and nervousness (p=0.02). However, no significant relationship was found between nervousness and age (p<0.76), grade of studying (p<0.90), major of study (p<0.76) and living site (p<0.43). Discussion & Conclusion: Our results suggested that we could reduce nervousness by providing secure mental conditions, changing social conditions, improving educationnal status especially holding exam and also motivating college students 1154 education vartqa slamt The Effect of Supportive Supervision Training on Supervision Teams Performance of the Health Networks in Ilam Province Karimi A Maleki M Nasiripour Ashkan khorshidi Ali Health center privence Medicinal group,information and management Faculty of Iran Medical Sciences University Islamic Azad University of Tehran Epidemiology group of Medicine Faculty of Ilam Medical Sciences University 1 9 2014 22 4 165 170 24 08 2013 14 05 2014   Abstract   Introduction: Supervision is one of the effective tools for assisting managers and health workers toward increasing efficacy and effectiveness of service delivery and the needed health care of the target groups. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of supportive supervision in improving the quality of performance of Ilam health system network.   Methods and materials: This is a semi-experimental study. The statistical groups consist of members of supervision teams who work in the eight district health networks at the provincial level. The intervention of this research is an educational program for the supervision teams conducted via a workshop method. By determining the relevant indicators, different domains elated to developing and implementing health programs at the health centers’ level that providing health care and comparing the results before and after the intervention.   Research findings: The difference between the mean performance of the supervision teams due to the effect of supervision training in areas such as determining the situation analysis, priority setting of the problems, introducing appropriate solutions, developing operational plans and evaluating the health programs’ effectiveness before and after the intervention which was statistically significant ( P ˂ 0 .01).   Conclusion: Regarding the effect of implementing supportive supervision model in raising knowledge and performance of the health network supervision teams and ultimately improving the health indicators. Through implementation, this model might have an important role in increasing the efficacy of the health system and results in the improvement and development of the level of community health.   Key words: supportive supervision, supervision team, monitoring, evaluation     2117 education vartqa slamt The Use of MRSA Phage as a Super Specialized Antibiotic Against Lethal Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus naser a azizi jalilian f azizian r askari h pakzad i 1 9 2014 22 4 171 179 13 09 2014 13 09 2014 Nowadays, excessive use of antibiotics in the treatment of human and animal diseases has caused bacteria’s multidrug resistant rise against antibiotics. Additionally, new antibiotics’ consumption involves new resistant genes that can shortly spread among other bacteria and need new antibiotics for its control and this requires spending millions of dollar.Methicillin - resistant staphylococcus is one of the mos invasive bacteria that quickly become resistant to the new generation of antibiotics. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect and replicate inside bacteria and finally lyse the host cells. Phage entry into the host bacterial cell requires a specific receptor. Phages are not able to identify other cells especially eukaryotic cells. 1389 Bacteriology Surveying of antibiotic resistance pattern and frequency rate of blaTEM in the ESBLs producing E. coli isolated in Rasht haghighat panah m amirmozafari n faezi m shenagari m Islamic Azad University Iran University of Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University Guilan University of Medical Sciences 1 9 2014 22 4 180 189 09 12 2013 28 01 2014 Introduction: E. coli is one of the most frequent causes of nosocomial infection .Antimicrobial resistance leads to failure in treatment of hospital infections caused by E. coli. Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamases (ESBLs) is one of the causes antibiotic resistance in this bacteria. The enzymes are predominantly plasmid mediated and are derived from TEM and SHV type enzymes. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of blaTEM genes in ESBL-producing E. coli strains isolated from admitted patients in six hospitals in Rasht, Iran.     Materials and Methods: All 160 clinical samples have been taken from various samples of hospitalized patients after diagnosis of E. coli, antibiotic resistance was surveyed by Kirby-Bauer method. For resistant isolates, double disk phenotypic confirmatory test was carried out in order to diagnosis ESBL-producing strains. Then from ESBL-producing strains, DNA extracted And blaTEM genes were detected using PCR. Finding :Among 160 clinical isolates of E. coli which were collected, the maximum resistance to Amoxicillin has been observed in all strains, and all were susceptible to Imipenem, and 51.9% of strains were ESBL positive, that 27 strains (32.5%) of blaTEM genes were observed using PCR. Discussion ;Conclusions :In this study, more than 50% were detected as ESBL-producing strains, which More than half of the isolates were blaTEM positive. Comparing these results with other studies in this field shows a direct relations between development of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and genes transfer such as bla TEM. 1853 economy The Estimation Of Cost Function In Ilam Hospitals (2003-2012) asgari heshmatollah ilam university 1 9 2014 22 4 190 198 02 06 2014 02 07 2014 Introduction: hospital as a firm has got a both income and cost. on other hand, health cost will take a great share of family expenditure. So, the hospitals are obliged to apply and use cost-benefit analysis to increase efficiency and productivity accordingly, these institution managers, have to be aware of hospital cost function. Material and methods: this research try to estimate the regression function of hospital cost based on econometrics method with the help of 14 main index which will affect hospital cost in 8 governmental hospitals of Ilam province during 2003-2013. It worth to mention that Translog function specification has been applied in the estimation. Findings: The results indicates that relative cost of Ilam hospital relates to labor -capital price and quantity of production positively during 200/-2013. Besides, since the coefficient are meaningful at a: .05 , so it shows that variables like the emergency rooms, equipments ,buildings ,bedridden time, releasing and mortality rates has reciprocal effect on hospital cost. 10 percent increase in quality of services leads to 34 percent increase in hospital cost. Discussion and Result: Since there is a direct relationship between quality of services, relative cost of labor and investment and hospital cost so, in order to decrease the hospital cost, one of the following two effective factors including labor force or investment should be decreased. labor force includes the number of nurses, And investment includes equipments, building, and so forth. production decrease has a direct relationship with decrease in number of visited, bedridden, and released patients, and decrease in none of them is acceptable. so the labor relative price decrease can be considered as the best solution for decrease in hospital relative cost which is obtainable via change in condition of labor engagement in hospitals, application of the lowest wage rule, and annual wage increase . 1656 Bacteriology The study of bacteriological factors and antibiotic resistance in women with UTI referred to the Razi laboratory in Dezful Isvand A Yahyavi M Asadi-Samani M Kooti W Davoodi-Jouneghani Z 1 9 2014 22 4 199 205 11 03 2014 26 05 2014 Introduction: The prevalence of urinary tract infection in women is more observed rather than in man and mostly half of women have experienced it in their lifetime. On one hand, understanding the regional prevalence of pathogens and antibiotic resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics is effective to proper selection of antibiotics and infection control. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of urinary tract infections, bacterial factors and antibiotic resistance. Materials & Methods: This descriptive - cross sectional study was conducted on urine samples from 765 women referred to the Dezful Razi laboratory in 2012. Cultivation, isolation and identification of bacteria were performed using standard bacteriological methods, then the antibiotic resistance in bacteria E.coli was studied using antibiogram tests through agar disk diffusion by Kirby-Bauer method. Findings: The number of 765 samples studied, 160 (20.91%) were reported positive. Escherichia coli with 106 cases (66.25%), Klebsiella 33 cases (20.63%), and Staphylococcus six cases (4.38%) were identified as urinary tract infections. Most Escherichia coli resistance was to ampicillin (96.55%) and the least resistance was to nitrofurantoin (11.12%). Discussion ;Conclusion: Escherichia Coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infection that is highly resistant to ampicillin. The resistance can be observed in the case of antibiotics that are used more. The emergence of a new antibiotic resistance is an issue that should be taken seriously. 1430 clinical psychology The Relationship between personality traits and Identity Styles in Students sadeghi r tajikzadeh f merabizadeh honarmand m university of shahid chamran ahvaz university of shahid chamran ahvaz university of shahid chamran ahvaz 1 9 2014 22 4 206 216 24 12 2013 31 05 2014 Introduction: The definition of identity, continuation character is used as a keyword. Continuation character it means that person is the same person over time and place and not the other. So the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between personality traits and identity styles in students of Shahid Chamran University. Materials and Methods: The present study is a correlation and canonical correlation. The statistical population includes all students of public university in 2012- 2013 in Ahvaz. 360 students were selected through clustral multistage random sampling. NEO Five-Factor Inventory and Identity Style Inventory were used to collect data. For analyzing data canonical correlation and SPSS was used. Findings: Structural coefficients showed that the pattern of high scores in conscientiousness, agreeableness and extraversion correlates with the pattern of high scores in normative and informational identity styles (p<0/001). Therefore the finding of this research showed that the combination of conscientiousness, agreeableness and extraversion can probably reduce normative and informational identity styles. Discussion & Conclusion: The present findings emphasized on the importance of personality traits and identity styles . 1232 nursing The survey of job exhausting and this correlation with nursing public health in Abadan and Khoramshahr in 2012 zanganeh s moradbeygi kh rasteh M raisifar Z Abadan faculty of nursing Abadan faculty of nursing Abadan faculty of nursing Abadan faculty of nursing 1 9 2014 22 4 217 224 07 10 2013 18 02 2014 Introduction: job exhausting is one of the most inevitable consequences of job stress and the most consequence of nursing job exhausting is decreased of patient care quality. This study was performed to assess the job exhausting level and this correlation with the nursing public health in Abadan and Khoramshahr hospitals in 2012 Methods: This was the descriptive cross-sectional analytic study that performs on 114 person of Abadan and Khoramshahr nurses in 2012.The data gathering tools included public health and job exhausting questioners. After data collection, were used of SPSS 14 and statically methods such as descriptive static and ANOVA for data analysis. Results: more of participants public health were in the moderate level (58/8%) and the amount of depersonalization was in low level (53/5%). Also there was the high amount of affective and job exhausting (56/6%, 50/9%). There was the significant statically correlation between sex and job exhausting (p=0/016), the wards and depersonalization (p=0/043), Affective exhausting and the number of working shifts in month (p=0/034), public health and job experience (p=0/048) and public health with job exhausting (p=0/0001). Conclusion: according to finding, job health promotion and decrease in exhausting level should be in the priority of nursing managers and performed the suitable implementation to decrease it. 1289 psychology Cognitive emotion regulation strategies in processing suicidal thoughts MAHDIEH A abdollahi m hasani j khurazmi university khurazmi university khurazmi university 1 9 2014 22 4 225 235 25 10 2013 18 12 2013 Cognitive emotion regulation strategies in processing suicidal thoughts Abstract Background: Suicide as a major issue is considered in teens and young, because have been reported the second or fourth most common cause of death in this age group. This study examined coping-emotional in suicidal thoughts and attempts. Method: The research of multi-stage cluster sampling to select the sample was used. All students at would be Khurazmi population. The sample size was 250(n = 101 male students and 149 female students). Instruments included the short form of emotional and cognitive regulation questionnaire and suicidal ideas Questionnaire. The data is performed in order to analyze the results of stepwise, regression is used. Results: Results show the high correlation of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and the idea of suicide ideation. Also compatible strategies for coping with suicidal ideas were correlates and according to awareness of their emotion, this correlation varies. Conclusions: The findings of this study show that none of the emotional strategies singly anticipate suicidal ideation. But the individual understanding and control of emotions, can predict suicidal ideas. Thus, training programs, educational and emotional healing must pay attention to recognize cognitive emotion to the prevention of suicidal ideas. 2137 Environmental health The Evaluation of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 Concentration during Dust Storm Events in Ilam city, from Mar 2013 through Feb 2014 Amarloei a jonidi jafari a asilian mohabadi h asadollahi kh 1 9 2014 22 4 240 259 20 09 2014 20 09 2014 Introduction: Dust storms are among the main natural sources of air pollution in the Middle East which increase people's concern about their harm effects on public health. This study aimed to evaluate the quantitative values of and the effects of dusts on the quality of Ilam city weather. Material & Methods: In this study, the concentration of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were measured from Mar 2013 through Feb 2014. The measurement was performed once per six days and the Grimm aerosol spectrometer model 1.108 was used in all dusty days. Meteorological data was taken from aerology directorate of Ilam province and for tracking of dust storms, satellite pictures were applied. Findings: Mean ±SD of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1, during collection data, were 146.6±139. 3, 29.7 ± 25.3 and 10±5.7μg/m3 respectively. The mean proportion of PM2.5/PM10, PM1/PM10 and PM1/PM2.5 were 0.231, 0.108 and 0. 418 during study period and 0.191, 0.052 and 0.269 during dust storm days respectively. The concentration of PM10 was more than standard fair weather during 83 days and AQI index values indicated dangerous conditions in 5 days, during year of the study. According to our findings, Iraq country particularly Nainava and Al- Anbar provinces were the main sources of dust storms of Ilam province. Discussion & Conclusion: This study indicates the dust storm events situation in Ilam city and its negative impact on air quality, which can have harmful effects on population health. Therefore it is necessary to determine of dust storm effect on health and ways to deal with it are more studies done. Dust storms also create an increase in PM2.5-10 particles resulting in a reduction of PM2.5/PM10 proportion. The results of this study can be used by health policy makers for design of preventive issues however, international or regionnal cooperation are needed for any interventional action against this harmful condition.