@article{ author = {Jafari, Jaber and Mohammadian, Moslem}, title = {Designing the Pattern of Affective Factors on Job Satisfaction of Nurses (Case Study: State Hospitals of Ilam City)}, abstract ={Introduction: The majority of health system related staffs is nurses. Job satisfaction in the realm of medical and hospital services has always been a matter of interest for researchers, due to that fact the manpower occupied in this field ensures the health of the society. The purpose of this study is to design a pattern of affective factors on job satisfaction of nurses in state hospitals of Ilam. Materials & methods: The present study is a descriptive study, from the view point of content analysis, and a survey. The statistical population of this study includes all the nurses occupied in state hospitals of Ilam city at the summer of 2014, making up for 239 individuals, and the statistical sample, 148 individuals, has been considered randomly as a class in proportion with the size of the population. The study tools include researcher-made questionnaire on job satisfaction made up of 53 questions. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed after consulting some of the experts of research methodology, including the revered lecturers, and the stability of the research was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha .937, and in order to analyze the data, the method of explanatory factor analysis and KMO and Bartlet tests in the environment of SPSS software were used. Findings: In this study, using the explanatory factor analysis method and in the framework of a content analysis study and a survey, the factors affecting job satisfaction of nurses in state hospitals of Ilam city were investigated, and the results of the study identified 11 affective factors in nurses’ job satisfaction altogether specifies 70.704 precent of total variance. Discussion & Conclusion: The results of factor analysis showed that the identified factors include: welfare facilities and wages with 32.233 percent of variance explanation, work group with 8.738 percents of variance explanation, interests and job success with 6.923 percents of variance explanation, monitoring and dominant policies in the workspace with 3.792 percent of vaiance explanation, progress and job development with 3.396 percent of variance explanation, discrimination and harassment with 3.121 percent of variance explanation, stress and work-related pressures with 2.814 percent of variance explanation, communication with doctors with 2.708 percent of variance explanation, client satisfaction with 2.570 percent of variance explanation, nature of the work with 2.384 percent of variance explanation, work hours and workload with 2.026 percent of variance explanation.}, Keywords = {Job Satisfaction, Motivation, Nurses}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-2402-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-2402-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1563-4728}, eissn = {2588-3135}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Takdastan, Afshin and Nazarzadeh, Adel and Ramezani, Zahr}, title = {Performance evaluation of dried powder activated sludge on adsorption of nickel and determining the adsorption isotherm}, abstract ={Introduction: Given the interest in the use of low-cost adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals, the use of higher mud powder from dried sludge drying bed West Wastewater Treatment Plant is located in Ahwaz nickel metal uptake. Materials & methods: Batch experiment was carried out to prepare 100 ml of solution. Samples examined in this study with a synthetic standard solution of nickel were prepared. Adsorption efficiency in primary PH 2 to 8, 5 to 180 minutes of contact time, initial concentration of metal ions, 5, 10 and 50 milligrams per liter adsorbent dose, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mL and mixing speed of 100 rpm The minutes were reviewed. Pretreatment adsorbent comprises drying, grinding machines, and particle size sieve, 50 and 120. Findings: Based on the results of nickel adsorption process, the adsorption efficiency at a concentration of 5 milligrams per liter to 50.64%, and the rate of adsorption efficiency in pH 8, 24.13%, the absorption efficiency of the adsorbent dose 1 g/100mL equal to 30.63% and the adsorption efficiency at 120 minutes 21.59%. Freundlich adsorption isotherm obtained and fitted to the Langmuir model for nickel, respectively. Discussion & Conclusion: The dried, powdered sewage sludge as sorbent available for the removal of nickel from wastewater hasn,t a high efficiency.}, Keywords = {Powdered activated sludge, Nickel, Biosorption, Adsorption isotherm}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {11-17}, publisher = {Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1525-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1525-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1563-4728}, eissn = {2588-3135}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Khalaj-kondori, Mohamm}, title = {Potential applications of bacteriophages in medicine: medical imaging, targeted drug and gene delivery}, abstract ={Despite the progresses achieved in the treatment, detection and development of effective drugs for curing of diseases e.g. cancer, using of such therapeutics by patients is associated with severe side-effects. Since, most of them are not specific for cancerous cells they may affect normal cells as well. So, targeted delivery of therapeutics is very important. Bacteriophages are a subtype of viral nanoparticles (VNPs) which can potentially deliver therapeutics to target cells/tissues, and this aspect of bacteriophage application has recently been considered by researchers. Plenty of studies show that not only bacteriophages have capacity for targeted delivering of imaging agents, drugs and genes into the cells/tissues but have appropriate profile of distribution in tissues and clearance from blood stream as well. Moreover, images obtained from different radioactive and optic imaging approaches have high-resolution in methods using bacteriophage because of their depth penetration into the tissues. Furthermore, bacteriophage-based approaches have more advantages such as safety and low cost. Regarding the plenty of advantages, it is expected that bacteriophages might be used as a suitable tool in diverse clinical trials in the near future. In the present study, the potential applications of bacteriophages are considered in medical imaging, targeted drug and gene delivery.}, Keywords = {Phage nanodrug, phage targeting, targeted drug and gene delivery, medical imaging}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {18-30}, publisher = {Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1530-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1530-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1563-4728}, eissn = {2588-3135}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {pournajaf, azadeh and asadi, masoumeh and hassanbeygi, azim and ehsanzadeh, assad and mirshekari, mohamadrez}, title = {Spread Infection after BCG vaccination in a four-month suckling in Ilam}, abstract ={B.C.G vaccination seems to have several advantages however several complications can occur from which the most dangerous one is spread tuberculosis by vaccination that is a rare case affected by immune system deficiency. The purpose of the current article was to study a case of death alluded to vaccination in Ilam. Introducing patient: The case was an Iranian, four-month suckling girl who didn´t contact consumption. She was bedridden because of having ulcer in the area of B.C.G vaccination since 2 months ago .By the birth she had been vaccinated and showed symptoms of fever, restlessness and severe diarrhea. After two months, she got abdominal distension with petechia purpura and generalized lymphadenopathy caused her to be bedridden. In spite of being bedridden for a month and taking several antibiotics, she died and the final reported diagnosis was Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH0) for spread infection of B.C.G. Although it has been proved that B.C.G vaccination has a great role in prevention of lung-tuberculosis and meningitis, its dangerous complications are still cases of concern (in children with immune deficiency) and spread infection that can cause death, is one of them. So It´s recommended that experts should be sure about family background of immunity deficiency in children from the first moments after birth, then vaccinate them.}, Keywords = {Spread Infection, B.C.G Vaccination, tuberculosis, death alluded to vaccination}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {31-34}, publisher = {Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-586-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-586-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1563-4728}, eissn = {2588-3135}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Asmand, Parisa and Mami, Shahram and Valizadeh, Rez}, title = {Effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy in Irrational Beliefs Treatment, Anxiety, Depression among Young Male Prisoners Who Have Antisocial Personality Disorder}, abstract ={Abstract  Introduction: Antisocial personality‌ disorder has some clear symptoms such as impulsivity, unstable emotions, aggression, drinking, use of drugs, early initiation of sexual behaviors which make numerous problems in their relations with family members and those who have interaction with them and at last in society. So the aim of this research was studying the Effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy in Irrational Beliefs Treatment, Anxiety and Depression among young prisoners who have Antisocial Personality in Ilam´s male prison. Materials & Methods: This Semi-experimental project has been done by pre and post-test design. 32 subjects have been selected purposely between 18-40 years among male prisoners with antisocial personality disorder in Ilam prison. The selected people were divided randomly to two groups: control group and test group. In this study, three questionnaires have been used: the Millon Clinical Questionnaire, Johns Irrational Beliefs questionnaire , and Back Anxiety and Depression questionnaire. Findings: In this study, it was specified that this treatment has affected on the rate of anxiety (p=0.014), and irrational beliefs(p<0.05), but it hasn´t left any effect on treating depression(p=.955). Discussion & Conclusion: According to the findings obtained, it seems that Dialectical therapy is an effective way in treating some of characteristics of people with Antisocial personality disorder, due to the nature of treatment that at first focuses on person´s acceptance and credibility, and then tries to solve psychological problems.}, Keywords = {Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Irrational Belief, Anxiety, Depression, Antisocial Personality disorder}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {35-44}, publisher = {Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1138-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1138-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1563-4728}, eissn = {2588-3135}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Babamiri, M and Zoheri, َA and Nisi, A and Arshadi, N and Shahroie, SH}, title = {Job Stressors as Predictors of Psychosomatic Symptoms}, abstract ={Introduction: With respect to increase of job stress and disease that arise from stress in work environments, purpose of this study was investigated job stressors as predictors of psychosomatic symptoms at staff of a company in Ahwaz.  Materials & methods: The research method of this study was descriptive-correlational kind. Statistical population comprised of all personnel of a company in Ahwaz who worked at 1392. The sample consisted of 202employees, who were selected by simple random sampling method. The instruments that apply at this study consist of: negative act, effort-reward imbalance, job content, work-family conflict, organizational justice, psychosomatic symptoms in nonclinical context questionnaires. In order to analyze research hypothesis, regression analysis and Pearson correlation, and to validity analysis, Pearson correlation and confirmatory factor analysis were used. Findings: Results of Pearson correlation indicated that support and organizational justice had a significant negative relationship with psychosomatic symptoms and effort-reward imbalance, overcommitment, job strain, work-family conflict and bullying had a significant positive relationship with psychosomatic symptoms. Results of regression analysis indicated that predictive variables were able to predict 0/41% of psychosomatic symptoms variance and workplace bullying over commitment and work-family conflict were the best predictors of psychosomatic symptoms at staff.  Discussion & Conclusion: With respect to the results, variables that apply at this study, special variables that had a great role should be regarded at schedules to reduce job ills and increase of staff health.}, Keywords = { Job stress, Job content, Psycho somatic symptoms}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {45-55}, publisher = {Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1738-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1738-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1563-4728}, eissn = {2588-3135}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Shahbazi, Nasrin and Veisani, Yousef and Delpisheh, Ali and Sayehmiri, Kourosh and Naderi, Zahra and Sohrabnejad, Ali and Mami, Shahram}, title = {Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and General Health in the Female-headed Households}, abstract ={Introduction: Female-headed households have lots of financial and emotional problems, and experience stress and anxiety more than male-headed households. There is little information about general health status in Female-headed households in Iran. So the aim of this study was to determine general health status in Female-headed households under cover of Welfare Organization of Ilam Province. Materials & Methods: 750 Female-headed households under cover of Welfare Organization of Ilam province participated in this descriptive-analytical study. In this study, the tool for collecting data included social-financial information, and general health questionnaires (GHQ - 28). Data analysis was conducted by SPSS statistical software ver.16, using descriptive-analytic statistics tests such as average, standard deviation, and logistic regression analysis. The significance rate in this study was considered as P<0.05.  Findings: From 750 Female-headed households contributing to the project, 708 people completed questionnaires (response rate 94%). The age average and SD (standard deviation) of participants was 53.3± 19.88. According to the results, 79.8% of participants had the low rate of general health. In logistic regression analysis, there were the most significant general health predictor variables in female-headed households, include the age of participants (p=0.004), increasing duration of coverage (p=0.001), diagnosed disease (p=0.001).  Discussion & Conclusions: According to the results, the most important causes affecting general health in female-headed households were illiteracy, inappropriate financial status, and having chronic illnesses. Since women-headed households have a lower level of general health than other classes of society. Therefore, increasing general health of this group requires planning and more effort.}, Keywords = {Female-headed households, general health, Ilam}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {56-62}, publisher = {Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1906-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1906-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1563-4728}, eissn = {2588-3135}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {malakootian, mohamad and momenzadeh, rasool}, title = {Assessment of Heavy Metals Lead, Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel and Zinc in Compost Production Plant in Kerman}, abstract ={Introduction: Transference of heavy metals from compost to consumption environment leads to increase in intake of elements in soil layers and contaminating underground water. The aim of this study was to determine the metals Lead, Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel and Zinc in the compost production plant in Kerman in order to control the possible pollution made by them. Materials & Methods: This study is descriptive and analytic. Sampling and testing were performed in May and June 1392. The sample consisted of 12 ‌ 60 tons of depot compost related to1391 was removed from factory. Samples were prepared with the method of digesting by Nitric Acid. The concentration of heavy metals lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel and zinc were determined twice by atomic absorption device. The obtained results were analyzed using SPSS software.  Findings: The mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Zn in samples of compost produced at the plant in Kerman were 221.85±15.69, 1.36±0.11, 147.94±5.9, 129.71±9.45, 634.71±28.05 mg/kg respectively.  Discussion & Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the mean concentration of Pb was more than its allowable standard rate of Environmental Protection Agency of America (EPA) and Standard and Industrial Researches Institute of Iran. The mean concentration of Nickel was higher than its allowable standard rate of Standard and Industrial Researches Institute of Iran. The mean concentrations of Cadmium, Chromium and Zinc were lower than the standard rate. The difference was statistically significant (p <0.0001). Regarding to the importance of the rate of heavy metals in compost, considering standards to control the quality of the final product obtained from the composting process is necessary.}, Keywords = {Heavy metals, Compost, Kerman}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {63-70}, publisher = {Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1674-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1674-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1563-4728}, eissn = {2588-3135}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {nikseresht, sakineh and tadibi, vahid and sheikholeslami, dariush and feraidonfara, khadijeh and hoseinibidokhti, ehsan and gharibshi, sar}, title = {the EffeThe Effects of Intermittent Hypoxiaon Pulmonary Function Indicesin Obese Patientswith Type Didiabetes}, abstract ={Introduction: Obese peoplewill beaffected by respiratory problems and impaired pulmonary function parameters because ofmore fatin thetrunk andmore pressure on the respiratory system. The aim of this study was to evaluatethe effects of 15 days of intermittent hypoxia on pulmonary functiontest inobese patient with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: 7 obese subjects(1man,6women) with type II diabetes, with mean BMI of 32.42 ± 1.06 and the age range of 50-70 years, volunteered to participate inthestudy. The intervention consisted of 15 sessions of intermittent hypoxia, one hour per day, for fifteen consecutive days.pulmonaryfunction parameters including: VC, FVC, FEV1,TV, PEF, FEF25-75%, MVV and BMI and VO2max in pre- and post-tests were measured.  Findings: After 15 days of intermittenthypoxia VC, TV, FEV1, MVV, FVC, FEF 25-75% were not changed significantly.However, PEF and VO2max had significant increases of 6.5% and 13%, respectively(p<0.05), furthermore BMI had a nonsignificant decrease of 3.5%. Discussion & Conclusion: Findingsofthis studyindicate that despite positive effects of intermittent hypoxiaonVO2max and PEF,BMI and other pulmonary parameters not significantly change after 15 consecutive sessions of intermitent hypoxic exposure.}, Keywords = {Pulmonary Function, Intermittent Hypoxia, Diabetic Patients}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {71-78}, publisher = {Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1785-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1785-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1563-4728}, eissn = {2588-3135}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Comparison of Electro-Coagulation Process (EC) and Electro Oxidation (EO) Process for Degradation of Acid Blue Dye 113(AB113) from Aqueous Solutions}, abstract ={Introduction: dye stuff effluents can disturb ecological and aesthetic aspects of environment eutrification of surface waters is one of these most common problems. These processes cause pollutants decomposition through electrical current. The aim of this study was comparison between the effectiveness of the processes of electrochemical coagulation (EC) and electrical oxidation (EO) in degradation of AB113 dye from aqueous solutions.  Materials & Methods: in this experimental study, removal of AB113 dye was investigated at different concentrations in a 2 cm distance from each other, through processes EC and EO. Also, the effect of parameters pH (5-9), voltage (10-30 volt, range 1-3 A) and initial dye concentration (50-500 mg/L) was studied at the optimum time of each process. The assay of dye concentration was conducted according to the standard methods.  Findings: the results showed that both processes have high efficiency in dye degradation. At best conditions of EC (voltage=30 volt, pH=3, initial concentration=50 mg/L and time=40 min) and EO (voltage=30 volt, pH=7, initial concentration=50 mg/L and time=50 min), the efficiencies were 93.73 and 95.75%, respectively. By changing in conditions of experiment, the degradation efficiency decreases in these two processes.  Discussion & Conclusion: Both of these processes have suitable efficiency in azo dye AB113 removal. pH, voltage, initial dye concentration and electrode type play an important role in the efficiency of these processes, and a change in each of these parameters can change the efficiency of dye decomposition.}, Keywords = {Electrochemical Coagulation Process, Electrochemical Oxidation Process, AB113 Dye }, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {79-88}, publisher = {Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1571-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1571-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1563-4728}, eissn = {2588-3135}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {fazeli, ehsan and vafaei, farhad and jamshidinavid, babak}, title = {Investigation on efficacy of the hospitals affiliated to Ilam University of Medical Sciences by DEA method}, abstract ={Introduction: In the current age, great developments of management knowledge has necessitated the evaluation system so that lack of evaluation in various fields of organizations such as assessment of using resources and possibilities, the staff, goals and strategies is considered a sign of organizational defect. Man has continually tried to make the best of things economically such an intendancy can be considered an achievement of higher efficiency. Efficiency is a comprehensive concept promotion of which has always been considered to help life-style, well-fare, people;#39s prosperity and austerity by political and economic authorities.  Materials & methods: In this research, the data from 9 hospitals of Ilam (western Iran) were analyzed and categorized using Data Evaluation Analysis (DEA) based on CCR Model (input-output-based) as well as various feed-backs in quad-variables (constant, changing, ascending, descending) with two scenarios during 2009-11 applying DEA solver software. In scenario A, the three inputs of doctors, staff, and acting beds besides the three inputs of clinical, para-clinical, and out-door services were used, while in scenario B, the three inputs of doctors, staff, and acting beds were evaluated in relation to the three outputs of admission-day, days bed-occupation percentage, and out-door services. Findings: The findings showed that the most general technical efficiency rate as well as the rate in the study duration stood for the years 2009, 2010, and 2011 using the output-based scenario B. In most of the investigation years, 40% of the investigated hospitals proved efficient comparatively and technically, while the remained 60% centers implied some degree of inefficiency in respect to techniques and ratios.  Discussion & Conclusion: The results of our research demonstrate that the selected health centers have not functioned efficiently. It is also concluded that technical efficiency promotion capacity to almost 13% level and comparative efficiency capacity to 10% level were possible without any increase in the costs or the staff.}, Keywords = {Efficiency, Hospital, Functioning bed, DEA decision-making units}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {89-97}, publisher = {Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-2095-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-2095-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1563-4728}, eissn = {2588-3135}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Identifying the Confusion Causes of Parents Who Have Children with Developmental Disorders}, abstract ={Introduction: Confusion is a concept derived from following. This study aimed to identify the causes and types of confusion in the treatment of parents who have children with developmental disorders.  Materials & Methods: The questionnaire was designed to investigate the causes of confusion and was completed by 350 parents of children who were purposefully selected. The obtained data were analyzed by factor analysis method, and then the relationship between each of factors and the amount of confusion were analyzed using log-linear analysis method. Findings: Results indicated that factors such as control, beliefs, interaction of therapist client and access to confusion treatment in the type of inter-special, and factors such as beliefs, socio-cognitive factors and interaction of therapist - client can predict the delay in referring to therapist. The investigations showed that the most common cause of confusion was social–cognitive factor, and the least common was commitment factor. Discussion & Conclusion: Causes of confusion are the result of a combination of intrapersonal and environmental factors which confirm the necessity of individual counseling as well as informing parents and health officials to help families of children with developmental disorders.}, Keywords = {Developmental disorders, Compliance, Causes confusion}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {98-104}, publisher = {Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1543-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1543-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1563-4728}, eissn = {2588-3135}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The Impact of Sugarcane´s Hydro Alcoholic Extract on the Lipid Profile in Male Rabbits}, abstract ={Introduction: Sugarcane is a giant plant of grain products. Regarding the beneficial usages of medications with herbal origin, in the present study, the impact of sugarcane´s hydro alcoholic extract on Cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL-c and HDL-c in the serum of rabbits with hypercholesterolemia was studied. Materials & Methods: 24 adult male rabbits in New Zealand race with an average weight of 2 kg were classified into four groups: the control group had a normal diet (6=n), Sham group and the 1,2 experimental groups took a high cholesterol regime(2%). They received drug solvent and sugarcane´s extract with 3.7 and 7.4 mg/kg doses as an oral treatment per day, respectively. After eight weeks, blood samples were taken, and the rate of cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c and triglyceride were measured. The obtained results were analyzed using SPSS and ANOVA. Findings: The results of the survey showed that in treatment with doses 3.7 and 7.4 mg/kg per day of sugarcane´s extract (experimental groups 1 and 2, respectively), a significant reduction (P<0.05, P<0.01 respectively) in the rate of Cholesterol, Triglyceride and LDL-c, and a significant increase (p<0.05, P<0.01 respectively) in HDL-c were occurred in compare with Sham group. Discussion & Conclusion: Sugarcane´s extract may be effective in reducing the amount of Cholesterol, Triglyceride, and LDL-c and increasing HDL-c.}, Keywords = {Sugarcane, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL-c, HDL-c.}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {105-111}, publisher = {Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-2533-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-2533-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1563-4728}, eissn = {2588-3135}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {MalekzadehShafaroudi, Majid and Rezaei, Nourolah and Abediankenari, Saeid and Setorg, Raha and Latifpour, Mostafa and GhasemiHamidabadi, Hatef}, title = {The Effect of DMSO in Induction of Differentiation of Cardiomyocytes from Embryonic Carcinoma Cells P19 in Invitro}, abstract ={Introduction: In the present study, the ability of P19 embryonic carcinoma cell differentiation to cardiomyocytes in different concentrations of DMSO was evaluated. Materials & Methods: In order to providing differentiated P19 cells, embryonic-like objects (Embryoid Bodies, EBs) formed during 2 days through hanging drops method. Then EBs induced for 18 days under the different concentrations of DMSO (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%). The rate of cardiomyocytes beating was counted with three days interval in the various groups by inverse microscope. Immunocytochemistry was used to illustrate expression of F-actin protein.  Findings: Many morphological changes occurred in cardiomyocytes derived from P19 especially in DMSO 0.5% group, so a remarkable increase in the size of the cytoplasm and cytoplasmic processes was observed. The results revealed that the maximum beating frequency per minute was observed in DMSO 0.5% group concentration in 2+12 days (2 days for making emberyonic bodies, and 12 days after differentiation induction). In addition, only cardiomyocytes induced differentiation by DMSO 0.5% concentration expressed F-actin which was not expressed in the other concentrations.  Discussion & Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that, firstly, the most effective concentration in the process of cardiogenesis induction is 0.5%. Secondly, P19 carcinoma cells are desirable and susceptible to differentiate cardiomyocytes.}, Keywords = {P19 Cells, Cardiomyocytes, F-actin protein, Embryoid bodies, DMSO}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {112-119}, publisher = {Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1580-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1580-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1563-4728}, eissn = {2588-3135}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {heydarizadi, tayebeh and khalighi, ebrahim and sayehmiri, korosh}, title = {The Relationship Between Weight Gain During Pregnancy with Headache and Back Pain after Spinal Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section Martyr Mostafa Khomeini Hospital (RAH) in Ilam 1391-92}, abstract ={Introduction: Spinal anesthesia compared to general anesthesia is a safer method. Reduced headaches and back pain after spinal anesthesia, may cause more Selection of these method. In this study, the relationship between weight gain during pregnancy with headache and back pain after spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing cesarean section is checked.  Materials & Methods: This study was performed on 100 patients for elective cesarean section. age, height, weight before pregnancy and during the cesarean section was recorded. Headache and back pain patients classified according to the score of VAS (Visual Analog Scale) that 0-10 are defined in the immediate postoperative recovery and discharge 1, 2, 6,12,24,48 hours after surgery was measured. Findings: Pearson correlation coefficients showed that there was a direct correlation between the weight gain during pregnancy and headache after spinal anesthesia in patients (p=0.047،r=0.20). Weight gain causes back pain decreased in patients, but the decrease was not statistically significant. (p=0.25 ،r=-0.11). In these cases there was no significant relationship between headache and back pain (p=0.68،r=0.45), between age of patient and severity of headache (p=0.025،r=0.80), height of patient and severity of headache (p=0.03،r=0.71), patient age and back pain (p=0.03،r=0.76), and the patient;#39s height and back pain (p=0.05،r=0.55). Discussion & Conclusion: Weight gain has an effect on the severity of the headache, but no effect on back pain intensity.}, Keywords = {Spinal anesthesia, Headaches, Back pain}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {120-126}, publisher = {Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-2711-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-2711-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1563-4728}, eissn = {2588-3135}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Ghayori, Bashir and Rashki, Ahmad and Motaleb, Gholam Reza and Dahmardeei, Mostaf}, title = {Association of PINK1gene Polymorphism Ala340Thr with Type 2 Diabetes in Sistan and Baluchistan Province}, abstract ={One of the genes that have been recently approvd to be associated with diabetes mellitus type 2 is PINK1. This gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that located in mitochondria. It is thought that it protects cells from stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between PINK1 gene polymorphism Ala340Thr with Type 2 diabetes.  Materials & Methods: In the present case-control study, one hundred patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 100 non-diabetic healthy people were selected randomly from the studied population. The PINK1 gene polymorphism (Ala340Thr) was determined using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping assays (PCR- RFLP). Findings: The frequency of G and A alleles in patient and control groups was 93.5%, 95% and 6.5%, 5% respectively. In this study allele frequency didn´t show any significant difference between patient and control groups. The frequency of GG and GA for PINK1 gene was 87% and 13% in patient group, and 90% and10% in control group respectively  Discussion & Conclusion: According to the obtained results in this study, there isn´t any significant correlation between Ala340Thr variant of PINK1 with Type 2 diabetes. The Ala340Thr variant could not present as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes.}, Keywords = {Type 2 diabetes mellitus, RFLP-PCR, Polymorphism, PINK1}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {127-133}, publisher = {Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1569-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1569-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1563-4728}, eissn = {2588-3135}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Nachvak, Seyyed Mostafa and Djafarian, Kurosh}, title = {Oxidative Stress, Cancer and Obesity, Three Complications Threatens Health in Down Syndrome that Are Preventable}, abstract ={Down syndrome as the most common chromosome abnormality, and the most common cause of mental retardation in human societies, is responsible for over one-third of learning disorders. Children with Down syndrome are usually smaller in size compared to other children, and their mental and physical development stages are slower than their peers. This syndrome has different symptoms including major or minor abnormalities in the structure or function of body’s organs. Incidence of some disorders that can be serious health threats, such as oxidative stress, cancer and obesity in patients with Down syndrome are more common than other people in community. This paper meanwhile describes the mechanisms of incidence of these complications, also refers to some points about prevention and reduction of their pathogenesis.}, Keywords = {Down syndrome, Oxidative stress, Cancer , Obesity}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {134-142}, publisher = {Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1745-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1745-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1563-4728}, eissn = {2588-3135}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Heidarzadi, Kobra and AziziJalilian, Farid and Rekabi, Ali Reza and Amini, Razieh and Pakzad, Iraj and Taherikalani, Morovat and Hematian, Ali and Ghobadian, Zahra and Bouchani, Maryam}, title = {The survey of Microbial Contamination Prevalance and the Effective Factors in ILam University of Medical Sciences Student’s Toothbrushes}, abstract ={The most common method of oral hygiene is tooth brushing. However, occasionally brushing becomes a risk factor for health. The main reason is getting infected with various microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate bacterial and fungal contamination of toothbrushes students, and factors affecting the contamination.  Materials & Methods: Ninety five brushes were assessed in this study. Samples were incubated in test tubes containing nutrient broth for twenty-four hours. Then the microorganisms were isolated using specific nutrient medium containing Blood agar, Chocolate agar MacConkey and sabouraud dextrose agar. The inoculated plates were incubated for 24 to 48 hours at 37 C. The identification of micro-organisms was performed based on biochemical tests.  Findings: The infection rate was more than 40% of the subject staphylococcus, Niesseria, Diphteroids,Actinomycetes and Enterobacteriacae family members were isolated from samples. Microbial contamination was higher in women than men (P<0.05).There was found correlation between the number of microorganism on brush with time of use, using mouthwash and gender (P<0.05). There was statistically significant relation between cocci microorganisms’ infections with sexes as well as between bacillus infections with capped brush. Discussion & Conclusion: Based on results, high incidence of bacterial contamination observed in brushes, therefore the proper use, maintenance and timely replacement of toothbrush play an important role in reducing pollution and consequently decreasing oral disease.}, Keywords = {Oral hygiene, Microbial contamination, Toothbrush}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {143-150}, publisher = {Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-2582-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-2582-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1563-4728}, eissn = {2588-3135}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Shahvazi, S and falahi, E and Barak, F and Heydari, M and onvani, SH and Saneie, P and Hasanzadekashteli, A and Yazdannik, E and Essmaielzadeh, A}, title = {Association Between Healthy Eating Index and Metabolic Syndrome in Women: a Cross Sectional Study}, abstract ={Introduction: Healthy nutrition is an important preventive measure for Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to evaluate the association of Healthy Eating Index(HEI) with MetS.  Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among 420 Isfahani female nurses, selected by a multistage cluster random sampling method. Usual dietary intakes were assessed using a validated 106-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). HEI was calculated according to the consumption of vegetables, fruits, nuts and grains, the ratio of white to red meat, dietary fiber and the ratio of unsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid. Anthropometric (weight, height, BMI, WHR), biochemical measurements (Fasting blood glucose, TG, LDL-c, HDL-c) and blood pressure were collected. MetS was defined according to ATP III. Findings: After adjustment for potential confounders including age, energy intake and BMI, individuals in the highest tertile of HEI were 91% lower odds of the MetS, compared to those in the lowest tertile (OR:0/09 95%CI 0/01-0/60). Women in the highest tertile of HEI were 89% less risk of hypertriglyceridemia (OR:0/11 95%CI 0/09-0/89) and 87% less risk for hypertension (OR:0/13 95%CI 0/08-0/66). There was no significant association between HEI score and risk of enlarged waist circumference (Pvalue=0/64), abnormal glucose homeostasis (Pvalue=0/64) and low HDL-C levels (Pvalue=0/94).  Discussion & Conclusion: The results indicated there might be a significant inverse association between HEI and MetS and some of its components. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.}, Keywords = {Healthy eating index, Metabolic syndrome, Female nurses}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {151-162}, publisher = {Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-2716-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-2716-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1563-4728}, eissn = {2588-3135}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Pakideh, H and kakaie, H and Mirzaie, F and Ebdalbeygi, SH and Poornajaf, M and Mohammadi, E and Ferasati, F}, title = {Evaluation and Measurement of Lighting Intensity in the Primary Schools of Ilam in 1392}, abstract ={Introduction: Illumination is one of the most important physical issues in work environment. Lighting is used not only in order to see the objects and do activities, but also as a factor for creating a pleasant work environment. Since daylight can increase performance in students, and it does via improving health promotion, so this study was performed to evaluate the combined lighting of primary schools in Ilam.  Materials & Methods: This descriptive - analytic study was performed in 1392 in a number of primary schools of Ilam. To select the sample, Ilam was divided to 5 regions. Then just one school with 10 classes was selected of every region, so we had totally 5 schools. In according to pattern of Illuminating Engineering Society of American (IESNA), measured values were entered into SPSS version 16. The obtained results were analyzed using the appropriate statistical tests such as descriptive statistics and Chi-square.  Findings: The results showed that the lighting quality in 58% of schools was ideal, and 42% had an undesirable situation. The results also showed that 62% of schools had the standard illumination intensity. According to the findings of this study, two factors had the greatest impact on the illumination intensity: the surfaces luminosity, and the quality of illumination. The minimum and maximum lighting intensity values were 303/30 and 875/50 lux respectively. Discussion & Conclusion: According to the obtained results, the main cause of non-compliance with the standard lighting values can be the southern location of schools, and the ratio of window area to room. It is recommended that to solve these shortcomings, designing in accordance with the standard patterns and also taking more advantages of natural light be carried out.}, Keywords = {Lighting intensity, IESNA, Primary schools, Ilam}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {163-168}, publisher = {Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-2728-en.html}, eprint = {http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-2728-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1563-4728}, eissn = {2588-3135}, year = {2015} }