fa اثر اولئوروپئین بر میزان مالون دی‌آلدهید، بیان ژن GluN2B و اختلالات حافظۀ احترازی غیرفعال ناشی از اسکوپولامین در موش سوری فیزیولوژی physiology پژوهشي Research &nbsp;<strong><em><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مقدمه</span></span></em></strong><em><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">:</span></span></em> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اولئوروپئین مهم‌‌ترین ترکیب فنلی برگ زیتون است که خواص فارماکولوژیک متعددی دارد. تاکنون دیده‌شده است که این ترکیب خاصیت آنتی‌‌اکسیدانی، ضدالتهابی، آنتی</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">‌</span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">آتروژنیک، ضدمیکروبی و ضدویروسی دارد</span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">.</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اسکوپولامین یک آنتاگونیست موسکارینی است که به‌عنوان داروی استاندارد برای ایجاد نقایص شناختی در انسان و حیوان استفاده می‌شود. این مطالعه، به‌منظور</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">بررسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اثر</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اولئوروپئین</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">بر عملکرد</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">حافظۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">احترازی غیرفعال، میزان</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مالون دی‌آلدهید و </span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">بیان</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ژن </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">GluN2B</span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> در</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">الگوی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اختلال</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">حافظۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ناشی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اسکوپولامین</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">انجام شد.</span></span><br> <strong><em><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مواد و روش‌ها</span></span></em></strong><em><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">:</span></span></em> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">سی‌وپنج</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">موش سوری</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">نر</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">به‌طور</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تصادفی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">پنج</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">گروه 7 تایی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تقسیم</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">گردیدند. گروه</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کنترل</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">نرمال سالین</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">دریافت</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کرد. گروه</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> (scopolamine) Sco </span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مدت</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">سه</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">هفته،</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اسکوپولامین با دوز 1</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> mg/kg</span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> به‌صورت</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">داخل</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">صفاقی دریافت کرد. گروه‌های</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">درمانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اولئوروپئین </span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">را با سه دوز 5، 10 و 20 </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">mg/kg</span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> دریافت کردند. در پایان تست شاتل باکس،</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مغز حیوانات</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">برای</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تعیین</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">معیارهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">استرس</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اکسیداتیو</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">و تست‌های مولکولی برداشته</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">شد.</span></span><br> <strong><em><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">یافته‌های پژوهش:</span></span></em></strong><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> نتایج مطالعه نشان داد، اسکوپولامین به‌طور معنا‌داری باعث کاهش حافظه و القای استرس اکسیداتیو</span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> &nbsp;</span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">می‌شود </span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">(</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">P˂0.05</span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">) </span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">و در مقابل، اولئوروپئین سبب بهبود حافظه و یادگیری و کاهش آسیب اکسیداتیو </span></span>&nbsp;<span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">می‌گردد </span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">(</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">P˂0.05</span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">)</span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">. تیمار توسط اولئوروپئین‌‌، مقادیر افزایش‌یافتۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مالون دی‌آلدهید</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">(MDA) </span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مغز</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">را در موش‌های دریافت‌کنندۀ اسکوپولامین کاهش داد </span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">(</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">P˂0.05</span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">). </span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اولئوروپئین با سه دوز به‌کاررفته در این مطالعه، تغییر فراوانی در بیان ژن </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">GluN2B</span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> در هیپوکامپ ایجاد نکرده است</span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">P˂0.05</span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">).</span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"></span></span><br> <strong><em><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">بحث و نتیجه‌گیری</span></span></em></strong><em><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">:</span></span></em><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> روی‌هم‌رفته، تیمار موش‌های سوری با </span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اولئوروپئین، </span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">نقص</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">حافظۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ناشی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">از اختلال</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">عملکرد</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">سیستم</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کولینرژیک</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در مغز</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">را بهبود بخشید که ممکن است به علت کاهش استرس اکسیداتیو باشد و شاید</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">روشی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">برای</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مدیریت</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ناهنجاری‌های</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">عصبی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در شرایط</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">زوال</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">عقل را فراهم کند.</span></span> <em>Introduction:</em> Oleuropein is the most important phenolic compound in olive leaves which has several pharmacological properties. So far, this compound has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atrogenic, antimicrobial, and antiviral properties. Scopolamine is a muscarinic antagonist used as standard medication for inducing cognitive deficits in humans and animals. This study was performed to investigate the effect of oleuropein on the function of passive avoidance memory, malondialdehyde level, and expression of GluN2B gene in the model of memory impairment caused by scopolamine.<span dir="RTL"></span><br> &nbsp;<br> <em>Materials & Methods:</em> In total, 35 male mice were randomly divided into five groups (n=7). The control group received normal saline, and the Sco (scopolamine) group received intraperitoneal scopolamine at a dose of 1 mg/kg for three weeks. The treatment groups received oleuropein in three doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg. At the end of the shuttle box test, the brain tissues of the animals were removed for the determination of oxidative stress and molecular tests.<br> &nbsp;<br> <em>Findings:</em> The results of our study showed that scopolamine significantly decreased memory and induced oxidative stress (P<0.05). On the other hand, oleuropein improved memory and learning and reduced oxidative damage (P<0.05). Oleuropein treatment reduced the elevated brain MDA levels in mice receiving scopolamine (P<0.05). Oleuropein at three doses used in this study did not significantly alter the expression of the GluN2B gene in the hippocampus (P>0.05).<span dir="RTL"></span><br> &nbsp;<br> <em>Discussions & Conclusions:</em> In general, the treatment of mice with oleuropein improved memory impairment due to dysfunction of the cholinergic system in the brain that may be due to the reduction in oxidative stress; moreover, it may be regarded as a method to manage neurological disorders in conditions of dementia.<span dir="RTL"></span> اولئوروپئین‌‌, مالون دی‌آلدهید, ژن GluN2B, نقص حافظه, موش سوری Oleuropein, Malondialdehyde, GluN2B gene, Memory deficit, Mouse 92 99 http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-6460-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Gelavij Mahmoodi گلاویژ محمودی g.mahmoudi@yahoo.com 9600319475328460043958 9600319475328460043958 No Dept of Biology, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران Azam Moshfegh اعظم مشفق moshfeghazam@gmail.com 9600319475328460043959 9600319475328460043959 Yes Dept of Biology, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد لاهیجان، لاهیجان، ایران