fa اثر شنبلیله بر حافظه و یاد گیری و ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدان در هیپوکامپ رت‌ های دیابتی تیپ II پژوهشي Research <p dir="RTL"><strong><em><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مقدمه:</span></span></em></strong> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بر اساس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شواهد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مبنی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اثرات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">درمانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شنبلیله</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در دیابت و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نقش آن در تقویت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">حافظه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سلامت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">روان،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مطالعه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اثر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تجویز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">عصاره</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شنبلیله بر</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> حافظه و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یاد گیری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و هم چنین میزان آنتی اکسیدان در هیپو کامپ </span></span>&nbsp;<span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رت ‌های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دیابتی</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> نوع 2</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> مورد </span></span>&nbsp;<span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بررسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قرار گرفت</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">.</span></span><br> <strong><em><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مواد و روش ‌ها:</span></span></em></strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> در این مطالعه </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تجربی </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">24 رت نر به 4 گروه تقسیم شدند. گروه 1 یا کنترل: تغذیه ساده، گروه 2: دیابتی درمان نشده، گروه 3: رت دیابتی + 8 گرم عصاره آبی شنبلیله به ازای هر کیلو گرم غذا، گروه 4: رت دیابتی + 2 گرم عصاره آبی شنبلیله به ازای هر کیلو گرم غذا.&nbsp; بعد از 4 هفته، حافظه و یاد گیری در هر یک از گروه‌ های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تحقیق</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دو</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">روش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ماز آبی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شاتل باکس بررسی شد.</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">&nbsp; سپس </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رت ‌ها بیهوش شده&nbsp; و بافت ‌ها برداشته شد.&nbsp; در نهایت ظرفیت آنتی &shy;اکسیدانی تام و سطح مالون دی آلدئید در هیپو کامپ اندازه&shy; گیری شد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">.</span></span><br> <strong><em><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یافته</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">&shy;</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">‌ های پژوهش</span></span></em></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">:</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> تیمار رت ‌های دیابتی با عصاره سبب افزایش میزان آنتی اکسیدان تام و کاهش میزان پراکسید اسیون لیپیدی در بافت مغز شد و دوز 8 گرم </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بر کیلوگرم، </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مؤثرتر از </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">&nbsp;دوز 2 گرم</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> بر کیلو گرم بود (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">p<</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">0.05</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">). نتایج مربوط به بررسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">حافظه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فضایی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دستگاه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ماز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آبی نشان داد که در گروه تیمار شده، مدت زمانی که طول می‌کشد تا حیوان سکوی مخفی را پیدا کند (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">escape latency</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">) و مسافتی که برای پیدا کردن سکوی مخفی طی می‌کند ( </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">travel distance</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">) نسبت به گروه دیابتی کم تر و مدت زمان باقی ماندن در ربع هدف (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">time in target quadrant</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">) در گروه تیمار نسبت به گروه دیابتی به طور معنی داری بیش تر شده بود (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">p<0.05</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">)</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. نتایج مربوط به بررسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">حافظه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">احترازی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">غیر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فعال با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دستگاه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شاتل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">باکس نشان داد که عصاره شنبلیله می‌تواند زمان ماندن در اتاقک تاریک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">&nbsp;را کاهش و </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">زمان</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> تاخیر در حین عبور را در موش ‌های تیمار شده نسبت به گروه دیابتی افزایش دهد (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">p<</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">0.05</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">).</span></span><br> <strong><em><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بحث و نتیجه گیری</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">:</span></span></em></strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> تجویز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">عصاره شنبلیله</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">توانایی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نگه داری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اطلاعات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">درانبار‌ های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">حافظه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یاد آوری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آن‌ ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">موثر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">موجب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">افزایش </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سطح</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> آنتی اکسیدان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رت‌ های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دیابتی می ‌گردد و مکانیسم </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مربوطه</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> ، می ‌تواند </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ممانعت از</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> تخریب سلول ‌های عصبی در هیپو کامپ به خاطر </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ظرفیت</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> آنتی اکسیدان این گیاه باشد.</span></span></p> <p><strong><em>Introduction</em></strong>: Based on the evidences of curing effects of fenugreek on diabetes and its role in strengthening memory and mental health, this study investigated administration of fenugreek extract on learning and memory and also antioxidant level in the hippocampus in type 2 diabetic rats.<br> &nbsp;<br> <strong><em>Materials & methods</em></strong><em>:</em> In this study, 24 male rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 or control, Group II or diabetic, Group III: diabetic rats treated with 8 gram fenugreek <span dir="RTL">/</span> kg diet, Group IV: diabetic rats treated with 2 gram fenugreek / kg diet. After four weeks, learning and memory were determined using water maze and shuttle box tests. After that, the rats were anesthetised and tissues were removed. Finally, total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde were determined in hippocampus.<br> &nbsp;<br> <strong><em>Findings</em></strong><em>:</em> Treating diabetic rats with fenugreek extract caused increasing the total antioxidants levels and decreasing the amount of lipid peroxidation in the brain tissue and the dose of 8g/kg was more effective than 2g/kg (p<0.05). The results of studying spatial memory by water maze suggested that the amount of time it takes for the animal to find the hidden platform (escape latency), the distance to find a hidden platform (travel distance) were decreased, and the time remaining in the target quadrant (time in target quadrant) in the treatment group was significantly increased compared to the diabetic one (p<0.05). The results of Passive-avoidance response and memory with shuttle box were showed that Fenugreek extract could reduced the time of remaining in a dark room and increased the step through latency in treated rats compared to diabetic ones (p<0.05).<br> &nbsp;<br> <strong><em>Discussion & conclusions</em></strong><em>:</em> Administration of <em>Fenugreek</em> is effective in the capability of maintaining information in the memory stores and reminding them and also increased antioxidant levels in the diabetic rats and relayed mechanism can be prevention of neural cell destruction in hyppocampus due to antioxidant capacity of this plant.<br> &nbsp;</p> دیابت ملیتوس, استرس اکسیداتیو, عصاره شنبلیله, حافظه, یاد گیری Diabetes, Oxidative stress, Fenugreek extract, Memory, Learning 13 23 http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2606-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Marjan Moin مرجان معین paperland7@yahoo.com 9600319475328460038365 9600319475328460038365 No IAUH, Department of biology گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد همدان، همدان، ایران Seyed Mehrdad Kassaee سید مهرداد کسائی kassaee2001@yahoo.com 9600319475328460038366 9600319475328460038366 Yes Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد همدان، همدان، ایران