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Background: Dysfunctional Attitude Scale is one of the most common instruments to Assess cognitive vulnerability, the aim of this study was to develop and validate the short form of Dysfunctional Attitude Scale appropriate to clinical population. Method: Participants were 8o psychiatric Patients from Medical Centers related to Isfahan Medical University, and 80 non-Patient. Research Instruments were clinical interview based on DSM-IV-TR , Dysfunctional Attitude Scale and General Heath Questionnaire. Data was analyzed by multi correlation and factor analysis methods. Resalts: Acording to results of factor analysis and item –total correlation 14 items were condidated to omission. The analysis of Dysfunctional Attitude scale – 26 items (DAS-26)revealed a cronbach’s alpha 0.92. Evidence for the construct and predication validity were obtained by correlation between the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale and psychiatric diagnosis(r=0.55)GHQ -28(r=0.56) and somatization, anxiety , social dysfunction, and depression subscales respectively(0.45,0.53,0.48,0.57) factor analysis revealed four factor structure. Discussion : The results showed that the Iranian version of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS-26) Possess satisfaction Psychometric Properties suggesting that this instrument is appropriate for use as a cognitive measure in a Iranian cultural Context.

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Introduction: Assessment tools and questi-onnaires that are used in research to measure the achievement of research ob-jecttives must be standardized themselves to ensure the results. The aim of this study was to design the validity and reliability of osteoporosis prevention instrument based on health belief model in women. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 400 women, aged 30 to 50 years old, in Fasa city. After revi-ewing the related literature, a suitable instr-ument was designed and its content validity ratio, content validity index, face validity, and exploratory factor analysis were mea-sured. For measuring the reliability of the scales, three methods, including test-retest, internal consistency, and agreement were used. Data analysis was done using SPSS software. Findings: Reliability of 42 items with imp-act score of 0.15 and content validity index of 0. 79 were evaluated based on explo-ratory factor analysis and classified into se-ven categories. The overall reliability, me-asured through Cronbach alpha, was 0. 87. Reliabilities of knowledge questionnaire, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, mot-ivation, self-efficacy, and cue to action were 0.86, 0.71, 0.82, 0.79, 0.82, 0.77, 0.79, and 0.77, respectively. Discussion & Conclusion: This study prov-ided good evidence on the strength of factor structure and reliability of Health Belief Model structures for prevention of oste-oporosis women, according to the study of psychometrics process.

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Introduction: The Death Depression Scale is made to measure pathological attitudes towards death. This scale has two options and likert forms.The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Likert version of Death depression Scale (DDS) in an university students samples.

Materials & methods: The current study was conducted in correlational context. A group of 894 students from Tabriz universities in 2012, using Stratified random sampling method, took part in this research. Participants answered to the Death Depression Scale (DDS). Data were analyzed using explanatory factor analysis of variance and Pierson correlation methods.

Results: Factor Analysis results showed multidimensional structure of scale and extracted three factors which were labeled death despair/ death finality, death loneliness & death acceptance which accounted for 59.43 % of variances. Concurrent validity reported parallel using of Death Anxiety Scale, showing good coefficient (P<0/001, r= 0/73). However three types of reliabilities (test retest, split half & internal constancy) were reported.

Discussion & Conclusions: In comparison with two options format, Likert form of Death Depression Scale is saturated by three factors, and has relatively higher validity and reliability. Thus it can be used, as valid measure, in death related studies.

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Introduction: Catastrophizing about pain has been identified as one of the most important psychological variables in transition of acute pain to chronic disabling pain. This study aimed at investigating the psychometric properties of a Persian-language version of the pain catastrophizing scale (PCS) amongst a sample of patients with chronic pain.

Materials & methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 195 patients with chronic pain using convenience method. Participants completed a group of self-report measures including the Persian versions of PCS, pain severity, daily pain-related interference, physical disability, depression, anxiety, catastrophising, positive and negative effects and pain self-efficacy beliefs. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods.

Findings: The factor structure of the PCS was examined, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results indicated that PCS is conceptualized within a two-factor model, namely magnification and rumination/helplessness. Results also indicated that the PCS and its two subscales have good internal consistency (alphas range from 0.80 to 0.89) and test-retest reliability (rs range from 0.71 to 0.81 (with a 7-14 days interval)). The results of correlation analysis among PCS and its two subscales with measures of pain, interference, disability, depression, anxiety, catastrophising, positive and negative effects and pain self-efficacy beliefs support both the convergent and divergent validity for the PCS and the two subscales of magnification and rumination/helplessness.

Discussion & conclusions: To sum up, the Persian version of the PCS has satisfactory psychometric properties and can be administered amongst the Iranian population with chronic persistent pain.

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Introduction: With respect to importance of preventing osteoporosis in women and the lack of a standard questionnaire in this context, the aim of this study was planning and Psychometric assessment of nutritional preventive treatment of osteoporosis in women based on protection motivation theory.
 
Materials & methods: In this cross-sectional study a questionnaire was designed by using evaluation of scientific resources and need assessment of beliefs based on protection motivation theory, which its validity was determined by face and content validity, and its reliability was determined by internal consistency and test- retest. Spss version 15 and Amos version 21 were used to analyze the data collected.
 
Findings: After validity and reliability processes, the 54- item questionnaire was designed. Content validity index appeared 0.88, as well as results of construct validity assessment by using Amos software analysis showed AGFI = 0.964, and RMSE = 0.072. Cronbach’s alpha results (α=0.94) and ICC (0.91) conformed the reliability of the instrument.
 
Discussion & conclusions: According to the results, the questionnaire was provided based on protection motivation theory, which has approved after validity and reliability evaluation, and it is recommended to be used in future related researches.

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Introduction: There is much evidence to show that separation anxiety can also occur in adults. The aim of current study was to examine the psychometric properties of adult separation anxiety questionnaire made by Manicavasagar , Silove ,Wagner and Drobny2003 (ASA -27).
 
Materials & Methods: 400 students of  Semnan University were selected by multistage cluster sampling method; they responded to the instruments of the study including adult separation anxiety questionnaire, Structured Clinical Interview for separation anxiety syndrome Adults and Separation Anxiety Symptom Inventory. Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficients and Pearson correlations methods were used for data analysis.
 
Findings: Factor analysis and convergent validity methods were used to determine the construct validity of adult separation anxiety questionnaire (ASA-27). Results from factor analysis showed the adult separation anxiety questionnaire measure own factor. Result from Factor analysis showed that 5 questions (questions 1, 3, 13, 19 and 26) on adult separation anxiety factor loadings were less than 30/0; therefore they were excluded from the questionnaire. Also, results from convergent validity indicated a significant relationship between adult separation anxiety and symptoms of separation anxiety in childhood and adult separation anxiety symptoms in a structured clinical interview, there was a significant relationship. Reliability of the adult separation anxiety questionnaire (ASA-27) by Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0/89. The correlation between the two questionnaires (SCI- SAS) and (SASI) was 0/651(p <0/001) and 0/588 (p <0/001).
 
Discussion & Conclusions: Persian version of adult separation anxiety questionnaire  in students is of a good validity and reliability and it is an appropriate and practical instrument for the measurement of diagnosis of separation anxiety in adults.
 

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Introduction: Risk behaviors contribute to leading causes of death and reduced quality of life among adolescents and youth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the checklist of risk behaviours for youth (CORBY).
 
Materials & Methods: The research was descriptive. A sample of 533 middle school and high school students were selected with multistage cluster sampling of students of Tehran. To calculate the convergent and divergent validity, Children’s Depression Inventory, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, and Catastrophic Cognitions Questionnaire were used. In order to assess the first order confirmatory factor of the risk behaviors for youth (CORBY), the weighted lowest squares (WLS) and to assess the adequacy of the model to the data, the parameters of RMR ،­RMSEA ،­CFI ،­AGFI ،­GFI ،x²، x²/ df were used. Data analysis was conducted by SPSS.16 and Lisrel 8.80.
 
Findings: The average score for boys in all three levels of high-risk behavior is higher compared with an average score of girls. Factor structure of the CORBY was confirmed with using confirmatory factor analysis. Correlation analysis showed that the CORBY with Children's Depression Inventory (P<0.01) Cognitive catastrophizing (P<0.01) has a significant positive correlation which indicates convergent validity and a significant negative correlation with the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (P<0.01) indicates its divergent validity. Cronbach's alpha subscales of level one, two, and three, respectively, 0.74, 0.69, 0.75 and retest coefficients, respectively, 0.71, 0.82 and 0.70 were obtained.
 
Discussion & Conclusions: First-order factor structure of the three-factor “CORBY “showed better fitness with the observed data. Based on the findings, the checklist of risk behaviours for youth has acceptable psychometric properties.
 

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Introduction: After the engineering noise control and management control, the last way for controling noise is using the hearing protective devices, whose effectiveness depends on full-time use of it. Due to the lack of a standard questionnaire about increasing the duration of workers' usage of hearing protection devices based on BASNEF behavioral pattern, this study has been done to design and measures this tool psychometrically.
 
Materials & Methods: The initial questionnaire of this study is drawn out of the texts, similar articles, and questionnaires. Face Validity and Content validity are measured by Lavsheh method based on obtaining the view of experts’ panel and the reliability was done by cronbach's alpha coefficient by tile industry workers. All analyses were performed using 19 SPSS software.
 
Findings: face validity and content validity of 49 items were identified. In professional content evaluation, CVR of items up to 60% were selected and the CVI of the remaining questions became 0.79%. The reliability of each of below indexes was approved as follow: knowledge: 82%, attitude: 88%, abstract norms: 83%, enabling factors: 88%, behavioral intention: 96% function: 89% and the overall reliability of research tool were approved by measuring Cronbach's alpha as 88%.
 
Discussion & Conlusions: vThese results introduced good evidence about the validity and the reliability of measurement tools on BASNEF model in increasing duration of workers usage of hearing protection devices.