1. Feng J, Guo J, Wang JP, Chai BF. MiR-32-5p aggravates intestinal epithelial cell injury in pediatric enteritis induced by Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastroenterol 2019 25:6222-37. doi: 10.3748/wjg. v25.i41.6222.

2. Lu C, Yu Y, Li L, Yu C, Xu P. Systematic review of the relationship of Helicobacter pylori infection with geographical latitude, average annual temperature and average daily sunshine. BMC Gastroenterol 2018;18:1-9. doi:10.1186/s12876-018-0779-x.

3. Mohammadian T. Determination of Helicobacter pylori in water, milk, cheese and traditional ice cream by surface culture and polymerase chain reaction. Scientific-Res J Microb Biotech 2005; 5th, 60-49.

4. Kubota-Aizawa S, Matsubara Y, Kanemoto H, Mimuro H, Uchida K, Chambers J, et al. Transmission of Helicobacter pylori between a human and two dogs: A case report. Helicobacter 2021;26:e12798. doi: 10.1111/hel.12798.

5. Zamani M, Ebrahimtabar F, Zamani V, Miller WH, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Shokri-Shirvani J, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the worldwide prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018;47:868-76. doi: 10.1111/apt.14561.

6. Azadbakht S, Moayyedkazemi A, Azadbakht S, Fard SA, Soroush S. Evaluation of antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori bacteria obtained from gastric biopsy samples: A cohort study. Ann Med Surg 2022; 78:103824. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu. 103824.

7. Makola D, Peura D. Crowe S. Helicobacter pylori infection and related gastrointestinal diseases. J Clin Gastroenterol 2007; 41:548-558. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e318030e3c3.

8. Khalilian A, Karami P, Bakhtyari S, Ezati R, Khosravi S, Amini R . Prevalence of Helicobacter felis and Helicobacter heilmannii and Co-infection With Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Biopsy Specimens in Endoscopy Ward of Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Hamadan City, Iran. IJMTFM 2022; 12: 33088. doi:10.32598/ijmtfm.vi.33088.

9. Hirschl AM, Makristathis A. Methods to detect Helicobacter pylori: from culture to molecular biology. Helicobacter 2007; 12:6-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2007.00560.x.

10. Guerra Segundo DD, Mello CBE, Cargnelutti JF, Flores MM, Pedrotti LF, Antunes BN, et al. Evidence of Helicobacter spp. in Saliva and Gastric Mucosa of Domestic Dogs in the Central Region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Vet Med Int 2021;2021:8857231. doi: 10.1155/2021/8857231.

11. Nakamura M, Øverby A, Michimae H, Matsui H, Takahashi S, Mabe K, et al. PCR analysis and specific immunohistochemistry revealing a high prevalence of non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters in Helicobacter pylori-negative gastric disease patients in Japan: High susceptibility to an Hp eradication regimen. Helicobacter 2020;25:e12700. doi: 10.1111/hel.12700.

12. Bahadori A, De Witte C, Agin M, De Bruyckere S, Smet A, Tümgör G, Güven Gökmen T, Haesebrouck F, Köksal F (2018) Presence of gastric Helicobacter species in children sufering from gastric disorders in Southern Turkey. Helicobacter 23:e12511. doi: 10.1111/hel.12511.

13. Ochoa S, Ojeda J, Martínez OA, Vidal‐Veuthey B, Collado L. Exploring the role of healthy dogs as hosts of enterohepatic Helicobacter species using cultivation‐dependent and‐independent approaches. Zoonoses Public Health 2021; 68:344-52. doi: 10.1111/zph.12817.

14. Ashraf Moghads F, Pourmehdi M, Avizah R, Gharibi D, Hashemi S. Seroepidemiological study of Helicobacter pylori in people related and not related to dogs and cats in Ahvaz. J Vet Res 2015; 72:137-145.

15. Wazirian B, Razai M, Khamsipour F. Examining the antibiotic resistance pattern of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in the feces of dogs and cats in Isfahan and Shahrkard cities. The first national conference on common diseases between humans and animals, Isfahan. 2014.

16. Lazou T, Fragkou F, Gelasakis A, Dovas C, Soultos N, Adamama-Moraitou K, et al. Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and risk factors for Campylobacter colonising dogs and cats in Greece. Bulg J Vet Med 2017; 20:45-55. doi: 10.15547/bjvm.1003.

17. Boyanova L, Koumanova R, Gergova G, Popova M, Mitov I, Kovacheva Y, et al. Prevalence of resistant Helicobacter pylori isolates in Bulgarian children. J Med Microb 2002; 51:786-90. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-51-9-786.

18. Alarcón T, Vega AE, Domingo D, Martínez MJ, López-Brea M. Clarithromycin resistance among Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from children: prevalence and study of mechanism of resistance by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. J Clin Microb 2003;41:486-99. doi: 10.1128/JCM.41.1.486-488.

19. Wada S, Matsuda M, Shingaki M, Kai A, Takahashi S, Itoh T. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests and resistant strain of Helicobacter pylori. Kansenshogaku zasshi. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 2003; 77:187-94. doi: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.77.187.

20. Garza-González E, Pérez-Pérez GI, Alanis-Aguilar O, Tijerina-Menchaca R, Maldonado-Garza HJ, Bosques-Padilla FJ. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from northeastern Mexico. J Chemother 2002;14:342-5. doi: 10.1179/joc.2002.14.4.342.

21. Sharara AI, Chedid M, Araj GF, Barada KA, Mourad FH. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori resistance to metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxycillin and tetracycline in Lebanon. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2002;19:155-8. doi: 10.1016/s0924-8579(01)00482-4.

22. Luo M, Hao Y, Tang M, Shi M, He F, Xie Y, et al. Application of a social media platform as a patient reminder in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2020;25: e12682. doi: 10.1111/hel.12682.

23. Feng J, Guo J, Wang JP, Chai BF. MiR-32-5p aggravates intestinal epithelial cell injury in pediatric enteritis induced by Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastroenterol 2019 25:6222-37. doi: 10.3748/wjg. v25.i41.6222.

24. Lu C, Yu Y, Li L, Yu C, Xu P. Systematic review of the relationship of Helicobacter pylori infection with geographical latitude, average annual temperature and average daily sunshine. BMC Gastroenterol 2018;18:1-9. doi:10.1186/s12876-018-0779-x.

25. Mohammadian T. Determination of Helicobacter pylori in water, milk, cheese and traditional ice cream by surface culture and polymerase chain reaction. Scientific-Res J Microb Biotech 2005; 5th, 60-49.

26. Kubota-Aizawa S, Matsubara Y, Kanemoto H, Mimuro H, Uchida K, Chambers J, et al. Transmission of Helicobacter pylori between a human and two dogs: A case report. Helicobacter 2021;26:e12798. doi: 10.1111/hel.12798.

27. Zamani M, Ebrahimtabar F, Zamani V, Miller WH, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Shokri-Shirvani J, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the worldwide prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018;47:868-76. doi: 10.1111/apt.14561.

28. Azadbakht S, Moayyedkazemi A, Azadbakht S, Fard SA, Soroush S. Evaluation of antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori bacteria obtained from gastric biopsy samples: A cohort study. Ann Med Surg 2022; 78:103824. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu. 103824.

29. Makola D, Peura D. Crowe S. Helicobacter pylori infection and related gastrointestinal diseases. J Clin Gastroenterol 2007; 41:548-558. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e318030e3c3.

30. Khalilian A, Karami P, Bakhtyari S, Ezati R, Khosravi S, Amini R . Prevalence of Helicobacter felis and Helicobacter heilmannii and Co-infection With Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Biopsy Specimens in Endoscopy Ward of Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Hamadan City, Iran. IJMTFM 2022; 12: 33088. doi:10.32598/ijmtfm.vi.33088.

31. Hirschl AM, Makristathis A. Methods to detect Helicobacter pylori: from culture to molecular biology. Helicobacter 2007; 12:6-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2007.00560.x.

32. Guerra Segundo DD, Mello CBE, Cargnelutti JF, Flores MM, Pedrotti LF, Antunes BN, et al. Evidence of Helicobacter spp. in Saliva and Gastric Mucosa of Domestic Dogs in the Central Region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Vet Med Int 2021;2021:8857231. doi: 10.1155/2021/8857231.

33. Nakamura M, Øverby A, Michimae H, Matsui H, Takahashi S, Mabe K, et al. PCR analysis and specific immunohistochemistry revealing a high prevalence of non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters in Helicobacter pylori-negative gastric disease patients in Japan: High susceptibility to an Hp eradication regimen. Helicobacter 2020;25:e12700. doi: 10.1111/hel.12700.

34. Bahadori A, De Witte C, Agin M, De Bruyckere S, Smet A, Tümgör G, Güven Gökmen T, Haesebrouck F, Köksal F (2018) Presence of gastric Helicobacter species in children sufering from gastric disorders in Southern Turkey. Helicobacter 23:e12511. doi: 10.1111/hel.12511.

35. Ochoa S, Ojeda J, Martínez OA, Vidal‐Veuthey B, Collado L. Exploring the role of healthy dogs as hosts of enterohepatic Helicobacter species using cultivation‐dependent and‐independent approaches. Zoonoses Public Health 2021; 68:344-52. doi: 10.1111/zph.12817.

36. Ashraf Moghads F, Pourmehdi M, Avizah R, Gharibi D, Hashemi S. Seroepidemiological study of Helicobacter pylori in people related and not related to dogs and cats in Ahvaz. J Vet Res 2015; 72:137-145.

37. Wazirian B, Razai M, Khamsipour F. Examining the antibiotic resistance pattern of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in the feces of dogs and cats in Isfahan and Shahrkard cities. The first national conference on common diseases between humans and animals, Isfahan. 2014.

38. Lazou T, Fragkou F, Gelasakis A, Dovas C, Soultos N, Adamama-Moraitou K, et al. Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and risk factors for Campylobacter colonising dogs and cats in Greece. Bulg J Vet Med 2017; 20:45-55. doi: 10.15547/bjvm.1003.

39. Boyanova L, Koumanova R, Gergova G, Popova M, Mitov I, Kovacheva Y, et al. Prevalence of resistant Helicobacter pylori isolates in Bulgarian children. J Med Microb 2002; 51:786-90. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-51-9-786.

40. Alarcón T, Vega AE, Domingo D, Martínez MJ, López-Brea M. Clarithromycin resistance among Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from children: prevalence and study of mechanism of resistance by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. J Clin Microb 2003;41:486-99. doi: 10.1128/JCM.41.1.486-488.

41. Wada S, Matsuda M, Shingaki M, Kai A, Takahashi S, Itoh T. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests and resistant strain of Helicobacter pylori. Kansenshogaku zasshi. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 2003; 77:187-94. doi: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.77.187.

42. Garza-González E, Pérez-Pérez GI, Alanis-Aguilar O, Tijerina-Menchaca R, Maldonado-Garza HJ, Bosques-Padilla FJ. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from northeastern Mexico. J Chemother 2002;14:342-5. doi: 10.1179/joc.2002.14.4.342.

43. Sharara AI, Chedid M, Araj GF, Barada KA, Mourad FH. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori resistance to metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxycillin and tetracycline in Lebanon. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2002;19:155-8. doi: 10.1016/s0924-8579(01)00482-4.

44. Luo M, Hao Y, Tang M, Shi M, He F, Xie Y, et al. Application of a social media platform as a patient reminder in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2020;25: e12682. doi: 10.1111/hel.12682.