1. Funci A, Kasper D, Hause S, Jameson L, Loscalzo J. Harrisons principles of internal medicine part 16 endocrinology and metabolism. 1th ed.Translated by Sobhanian S, Nakhjavani M. Tehran Arjomand Publication. 2008; P.151-8.

2. Azizi F, Larijani B, Hosseinpanah F. Endocrine disorders. 1th ed. Tehran Res Inst Endocrine Sci Publication. 2005; P.132-9.

3. Lane NE. Epidemiology etiology and diagnosis of osteoporosis. Am J Obste Gynecol2006;194: 3-11.doi.10.1016/j.ajog. 2005.08.047

4. Rachner TD, Khosla S, Hofbauer LC. New horizon in osteoporosis. Lancet 2011; 377:1276-87. doi.10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62349-5

5. WHO assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. WHO technical report series 843, Geneva, Switzerland 1994.

6. Sànchezriera L, Wilson N, Kamalaraj N, Nolla JM, Kok C, Li Y, et al. Osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2010;24:793-810.doi.10.1016/j.berh.2010.10.003

7. Wongdee K, Charoenphandhu N. Osteoporosis in diabetes mellitus: Possible cellular and molecular mechanisms. World J Diabete 2011;2:41-8. doi.10.4239/wjd.v2.i3.41

8. Hamann C, Kirschner S, Gunther KP, Hofbauer LC. Bone sweet bone osteoporotic fractures in diabetes mellitus. Nature Rev Endocrinol2012;8:297-305.

9. Khan TS, Fraser LA. Type 1 Diabetes and osteoporosis from molecular pathways to bone phenotype. J Osteoporos 2015;2:231-6. doi.10.1155/2015/174186

10. Reddy GK. Photobiological basis and clinical role of low intensity lasers in biology and medicine. J Clin Lase Med Surg 2004;22:141-50. doi.10.1089/104454704774076208

11. Barushka O, Yaakobi T, Oron U. Effect of low energy laser irradiation on the process of bone repair in the Rat tibia. Bone 1995;16:47-55.doi.10.1016/8756-3282(95)80010-N.

12. Stein A, Benayahu D, Maltz L, Oron U. Low level laser irradiation promotes proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblasts in vitro. Photomed Lase Therap2005;23:161-6.doi.10.1089/ pho. 2005. 23.161

13. Renno ACM, de Moura FM, dos Santos NSA, Tirico RP, Bossini PS, Parizotto NA. The effects of infrared-830 nm laser on exercised osteopenic rats. Lasers in Medical Science 2006;21(4):202-7.

14. Hashmi JT, Huang YY, Sharma SK, Kurup DB, Taboada L, Carroll JD, et al. Effect of pulsing in low level light therapy. Lase Surg Med2010; 42:450-66.doi.10.1002/lsm.20950

15. David R, Nissan M, Cohen I, Soudry M. Effect of low power Hene laser on fracture healing in Rats. Lase Surg Med 1996;19:458-64.doi.10.1002/(SICI)1096-9101(1996)19:4<458AID

16. Bagi C, Vanmeulen M, Brommage R, Rosen D, Sommer A.The effect of systemically administered rhIGF-I/IGFBP-3 complex on cortical bone strength and structure in ovariectomized Rats. Bone 1995;16:559-65.

17. Javadieh F, Bayat M, Abdi S, Mohsenifar Z, Razi S. The effects of infrared low level laser therapy on healing of partial osteotomy of tibia in streptozotocin induced diabetic Rats. Photomed Lase Surg 2009;27:641-6.doi.10.1089/pho.2008.2370

18. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real time quantitative PCR and the 2 delta CT method. Methods 2001; 25:402-8.doi.10.1006/meth.2001.1262,

19. Ninomiya T, Hosoya A, Nakamura H, Sano K, Nishisaka T, Ozawa H. Increase of bone volume by a nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation is caused by a decreased osteoclast number and an activated osteoblasts. Bone 2007;40:140-8. doi.10.1016/j.bone.2006.07.026

20. Freidouni M, Nejati H, Salimi M, Bayat M, Amini A, Noruzian M, Asgharie MA, Rezaian M. Evaluating glucocorticoid administration on biomechanical properties of Rats tibial diaphysis. Iranian Red Cres Med J 2015;17:22-7. doi.10.5812/ircmj. 19389

21. Farrier AJC, Sanchezfranco L, Shoaib A, Gulati V, Johnson N, Uzoigwe CE, et al. New anti resorptives and antibody mediated anti resorptive therapy. Bone Joint J 2016; 98:160-5. doi.10.1302/0301-620X.98B2. 36161

22. Liu TM, Lee EH. Transcriptional regulatory cascades in Runx2 dependent bone development. Tis Eng Rev2012; 19:254-63. doi.org/10.1089/ten.teb. 2012.0527

23. Teitelbaum SL. Bone resorption by osteoclasts. Science 2000; 289:1504-8. doi. 10.1126/science.289.5484.1504

24. Patrociniosilva TL, Souza AMF, Goulart RL, Pegorari CF, Oliveira JR, Fernandes K, et al. The effects of low-level laser irradiation on bone tissue in diabetic rats. Lase Med Sci 2014;29:1357-64.

25. Mohsenifar Z, Fridoni M, Ghatrehsamani M. Evaluation of the effects of pulsed wave LLLT on tibial diaphysis in two rat models of experimental osteoporosis as examined by stereological and real-time PCR gene expression analyses. Lase Med Sci2016; 31:721-32.

26. Favaropípi E, Arakiribeiro D, Uemaribeiro J, Bossini P, Oliveira P, Parizotto NA, et al. Low level laser therapy induces differential expression of osteogenic genes during bone repair in Rats. Photomed Lase Surg 2011; 29: 311-7. doi.10.1089/pho.2010.2841

27. Park JJ, Kang KL. Effect of 980nm GaAlAs diode laser irradiation on healing of extraction sockets in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: a pilot study. Lase Med Sci 2012; 27:223-30.

28. Paivamagri AM, Rossettifernandes K. Assis L, Antalmendes N, Silvasantos ALY, et al. Photobiomodulation and bone healing in diabetic Rats evaluation of bone response using a tibial defect experimental model. Lase Med Sci 2015;30:1949-57. doi.10.1007/s10103-015-1789-3. Epub 2015 Jul 30.

29. Becerikli M, Jaurich H, Schira J, Schulte M, Dobele C, Wallner C, et al. Age dependent alterations in osteoblast and osteoclast activity in human cancellous bone. J Cell Mole Med 2017; 21:2773-81. doi.10.1111/jcmm.13192

30. Mostafavinia A, Masteri Farahani R, Abbasian M, Vasheghani Farahani M, Fridoni M, et al. Effect of pulsed wave low level laser therapy on tibial complete osteotomy model of fracture healing with an intramedullary fixation. Iran Red Cres Med J 2015;17:32076. doi:10.5812/ircmj.32076. doi. 10.5812/ircmj.32076

31.