Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a serious issue of health care and is one of the most important nutritional problems in the world. This study was aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of female students in Ilam city considering IDA in 2013.

Material & methods: In this descriptive (cross- sectional) study, 291 high school girl students participated selected by cluster random sampling from 25 schools in the city of Ilam,. The Data were collected by valid and reliable questionnaire and were analyzed by SPSS16 software.

Findings: The results show that 18.2% of the students had good knowledge, 49.5% good attitude and 13.7% had a good behavior. Chi-square test shows a significant relationship between student practice about IDA and their field of Study (p<0.05). But the relationship between the knowledge, attitude and practice of students about IDA and other demographic variables was not statistically significant (p>0.05).

Discussion & Conclusion: According to the result of this study and the importance of IDA and its consequential effect on learning and educational failure, performing the educational program about IDA for this group of students seems necessary.