Introduction: Gestational diabetes, the most common metabolic disorder in pregnancy, causes serious complications in mothers and their fetus . So, knowing the risk factors of gestational diabetes is very important, because through understanding these risk factors it helps to establish screening programs for susceptible mothers and also early diagnosis of disorders. Furthermore, efficient control of blood sugar protects mothers against complications and consequently their fetus. The goal of our study was to evaluate the correlation between gestational diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome.

  Materials &Methods: This study was a case - control research. Pregnant women admitted at Akbar Abady hospital of Tehran were studied during 1998-2005. 188 women participated in this study of whom 94 mothers were put into the case group (with gestational diabetes) and the other 94 mothers were in the control group (without gestational diabetes). Then history polycystic ovary syndrome was investigated between the two groups. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, descriptive statistical, t- test, fisher, x2, Mann- Whitney and Odds ratio.

  Findings: The results of this study showed no dissimilarities between the two groups regarding the mean of age, educational level, apgar score and gravida. But there was significant difference in history olligomenorrea, kind of delivery, mean of the new-born weight and gestational age and body mass index in the two groups. Also, the results showed significant relations between those with gestational diabetes and women without gestational diabetes with the history of polycystic ovary syndrome. (p=0/03)

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  Discussion & Conclusion: Considering the results of our study indicating significant relations between diabetes and history of polycystic ovary syndrome, it seems necessary to establish screening programs in women with history of polycystic ovary syndrome, while early diagnosis of gestational diabetes protects mothers and their fetus against any complications.