A Comparison of Housedhold Size Among Emploed Women and Homemakers (Ilam Sample) Abstract: Introduction:The Current research tries to question if there is a difference is between household dimension among employed and housekeeping women of Ilam City. To In answer this question, firstly using a theoretical system including wise selection theories and cost and benefit, we tried to theoretically explain the problem and then theoretical claims were empirically analyzed. Materials and Methods: Research method is experimental and the statistic population includes all employed women in Medical Science University of Ilam City and The control group includes all housekeeping women of Ilam City during 2013 (1392 Hijri Shamsi) year. In experimental group, systematic random sampling method was used in the control group, multiple-stage clustering method was utilized and based on Cochran formula samples of 500 were determined for each group. Then required information was collected by questionnaire. Findings: Findings of this research show that there is a difference between job precedents variables (gender of their children, employment status of employed women, and their age, education and household dimension) of employed women. But there is not a meaningful difference between employed women and household dimension. Accordingly household dimension has less score among household with less employed woman than households with household women but the type of job has no effect in decreasing or increasing the household dimension. Discussion and Conclusion: If we consider employed women as a huge part of the society it can be concluded that this important part of the society which grows daily does have a less household dimension with respect to housekeeping group. According to this result, as long as future population policies focus on reduction of country's population, expanding the employment market for women is necessary otherwise financial supports for employed women for assuring the childbearing is inevitable. Keywords: household dimension, household, employed women, women education, comparison of household dimension.